China bans “shame parades” of criminal suspects

(Reuters) – China will end the public shaming of criminal suspects by parading them through the streets, the People’s Daily reported on Tuesday, after online commentators championed the case of a prostitute.

A spokesperson at the Public Security Bureau in central Henan province confirmed the ban on the practice long used by local law enforcement officials.

Although the ban is meant to apply to all suspects, the “shame parades” have most often been used in periodic government crackdowns on prostitution.

Online activists launched a campaign to halt the marches this month after a suspected prostitute was pictured barefoot, handcuffed and led about by a rope in a street in Dongguan in southern Guangdong province.

Netizens expressed outrage at a “humiliating” act and urged sympathy toward sex workers, according to Mop.com, a popular online forum.

“They would not become prostitutes if they did not have to support their younger siblings to finish school back in their home village,” said a commentator identified only as “388943.”

“I know sex workers who donated hundreds of yuan to the (2008) Sichuan earthquake. They are also human beings. Where is the respect? What about human rights?” another post said.

There are no official statistics for sex workers, but a World Health Organization study estimated the number at four million.

Prostitution is banned and a taboo topic that generates scant coverage in the state media, except for annual crackdowns.

Four years ago, some 100 prostitutes were forced to march in front of a jeering crowd in Shenzhen, a boomtown in Guangdong province. The march was broadcast on television to publicize the government’s efforts to combat the rising sex trade.

(Reporting by Beijing newsroom; Editing by Ken Wills and Ron Popeski)

Drug-resistant bugs on rise globally: report

(Reuters) – The World Health Organization, governments and nonprofit groups are saving lives by distributing drugs to developing countries, but they are not paying enough attention to the dangers of drug-resistant bugs, according to a report released on Tuesday.

Health

Many such drug distribution programs may be driving drug resistance and endangering the lives they are meant to save, according to the report from the Center for Global Development.

“Drug resistance is a natural occurrence, but careless practices in drug supply and use are hastening it unnecessarily,” the Center’s Rachel Nugent, who led the group writing the report, said in a statement.

Millions of children in the developing world die every year from drug-resistant strains of malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS and other diseases, the report found.

Since 2006 donors have spent more than $1.5 billion on specialized drugs to treat resistant bacteria and viruses, and this could worsen, the report cautions.

So-called “superbugs” such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas, or MRSA, now cause more than 50 percent of staph infections in U.S. hospitals.

Bacteria and viruses begin to evolve resistance to drugs almost as soon as they first encounter them. If drug treatment leaves even one microbe alive, it will reproduce and whatever genetic attributes helped it survive will be multiplied in the next generation.

Last week, experts told a Congressional panel that U.S. regulators need to provide a clear path for drug companies to develop new antibiotics and should consider offering financial incentives.

The Center’s report looks for even broader action, urging WHO to lead others, including pharmaceutical companies, governments, philanthropies that buy and distribute medicines, hospitals, healthcare providers, pharmacies and patients.

The report finds clear links between increased drug availability and resistance. For instance, in countries with the highest use of antibiotics, 75 to 90 percent of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are drug-resistant, it found.

Poor quality drugs, counterfeit drugs, incomplete use of drugs and other factors all contribute to the problem, the report found. And this problem will worsen as drug access programs succeed, it cautions.

“The number of people being treated for HIV/AIDS, for example, increased 10-fold between 2002 and 2007; there was an 8-fold rise in deliveries of (drugs) for malaria treatment between 2005 and 2006, and the Stop TB Partnership’s Global Drug Facility has expanded access to drugs for TB patients, offering nearly 14 million patient treatments in 93 countries since 2001,” the report reads.

“While increased access to necessary drugs is clearly desirable, it brings challenges in preserving the efficacy of these drugs and ensuring they are used appropriately.”

For instance, in 2008, an estimated 440,000 cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis emerged.

The Center for Global Development, an independent, nonprofit group, specializes in research on global poverty and inequality.

(Reporting by Maggie Fox; Editing by Paul Simao)

Drug-resistant bugs on rise globally – report

WASHINGTON, June 15 (Reuters) – The World Health Organization, governments and nonprofit groups are saving lives by distributing drugs to developing countries, but they are not paying enough attention to the dangers of drug-resistant bugs, according to a report released on Tuesday.

Many such drug distribution programs may be driving drug resistance and endangering the lives they are meant to save, according to the report from the Center for Global Development.

“Drug resistance is a natural occurrence, but careless practices in drug supply and use are hastening it unnecessarily,” the Center’s Rachel Nugent, who led the group writing the report, said in a statement.

Millions of children in the developing world die every year from drug-resistant strains of malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS and other diseases, the report found.

Since 2006 donors have spent more than $1.5 billion on specialized drugs to treat resistant bacteria and viruses, and this could worsen, the report cautions.

So-called “superbugs” such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas, or MRSA, now cause more than 50 percent of staph infections in U.S. hospitals.

Bacteria and viruses begin to evolve resistance to drugs almost as soon as they first encounter them. If drug treatment leaves even one microbe alive, it will reproduce and whatever genetic attributes helped it survive will be multiplied in the next generation.

Last week, experts told a Congressional panel that U.S. regulators need to provide a clear path for drug companies to develop new antibiotics and should consider offering financial incentives. [ID:nN69171380]

The Center’s report looks for even broader action, urging WHO to lead others, including pharmaceutical companies, governments, philanthropies that buy and distribute medicines, hospitals, healthcare providers, pharmacies and patients.

The report finds clear links between increased drug availability and resistance. For instance, in countries with the highest use of antibiotics, 75 to 90 percent of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are drug-resistant, it found.

Poor quality drugs, counterfeit drugs, incomplete use of drugs and other factors all contribute to the problem, the report found. And this problem will worsen as drug access programs succeed, it cautions.

“The number of people being treated for HIV/AIDS, for example, increased 10-fold between 2002 and 2007; there was an 8-fold rise in deliveries of (drugs) for malaria treatment between 2005 and 2006, and the Stop TB Partnership’s Global Drug Facility has expanded access to drugs for TB patients, offering nearly 14 million patient treatments in 93 countries since 2001,” the report reads.

“While increased access to necessary drugs is clearly desirable, it brings challenges in preserving the efficacy of these drugs and ensuring they are used appropriately.”

For instance, in 2008, an estimated 440,000 cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis emerged.

The Center for Global Development, an independent, nonprofit group, specializes in research on global poverty and inequality.

(Reporting by Maggie Fox; Editing by Paul Simao)

Fungus-tainted corn a factor in Africa HIV spread?

(Reuters Health) – A new study raises the question of whether corn contaminated with a fungus-derived toxin is helping to facilitate the transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.

Health

The toxins, called fumonisins, are produced by a particular type of fungus that can grow in corn after the plant is damaged by pests such as the cornstalk borer.

Fumonisins may be harmful to human health, with some studies linking consumption of the toxins to an increased rate of cancer of the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

In the new study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers looked at whether there may be a relationship between HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and general consumption of foods prone to contamination with fumonisins or other fungus- produced toxins (known as mycotoxins).

Using data from the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization, the researchers found that as sub-Saharan countries’ per-person corn consumption rose, so did HIV transmission rates.

In countries with a relatively higher percentage of Muslims — a factor linked to lower HIV rates — those with high per-capita corn consumption had an estimated HIV infection rate of 291 per 100,000 people in one year. In contrast, the rate in those with low corn consumption was 74 per 100,000 people.

Meanwhile, in countries with both fewer Muslims than average and higher-than-average corn consumption, there were 435 HIV cases per 100,000 people.

The researchers also found that higher per-capita corn consumption correlated with a higher rate of esophageal cancer. Since fumonisin toxins have been linked to that cancer, the finding serves as an indicator that populations with high corn consumption were exposed to higher levels of the toxin.

What all of this means is not yet clear. This appears to be the first study to find an association between corn consumption and HIV transmission rates in sub-Saharan Africa, lead researcher Dr. Jonathan H. Williams, of the University of Georgia in Griffin, told Reuters Health in an email.

The findings, he and his colleagues say, must be considered preliminary and need to be backed up by further research.

It is biologically plausible that high fumonisin intake could make a person more vulnerable to HIV infection. According to Williams, research suggests that the toxin makes certain tissues more vulnerable to infections by viruses.

A number of factors have been identified as key in sub-Saharan Africa’s HIV transmission rates; male circumcision, for example, has been shown to lower heterosexual transmission, while having multiple concurrent sex partners or other sexually transmitted infections increases the risk.

The current findings raise the possibility that food safety — in particular, the issue of fumonisin-contaminated corn — is an additional factor.

Based on their statistical model, Williams and his colleagues estimate that if the “maize (corn) factor” were eliminated in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV transmissions could be cut by as much as 58 percent.

Contamination might be prevented, for instance, by planting corn varieties genetically modified to be resistant to pests. It may also be possible to remove contaminants, Williams said, through certain milling technologies or by soaking the grain in water; fumonisin is water-soluble, so “steeping” the grain or meal, then discarding the liquid may remove the toxin.

In a region where an estimated 1.7 million people become infected with HIV annually, that would mean more than 1 million infections averted each year, the researchers note.

All of that, however, remains speculation until further research is done confirming the link between contaminated corn and HIV.

SOURCE: link.reuters.com/bad29k American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, online May 19, 2010.

Purifying water for the masses

A billion people have no regular access to clean drinking water, according to the World Health Organization. One company is using the sun and a simple chemical reaction to produce clean water wherever it’s needed – including in disaster zones. Ben Gruber reports.

China stymied eight terror threats before Beijing Olympics

New Delhi, May 19 (ANI): China averted as many as eight terror attacks before its spectacularly executed Beijing Olympics got underway.

The potential terrorist attacks involved subway and airport bombings and bioterrorist attacks on Olympic venues during the five months leading up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Beijing Evening News reported Tuesday.

The information was given in a book released by the World Health Organization and mentioned how China had set up a sound anti-terrorism medical-aid system as well as detection techniques for terrorism sources before the Beijing Games started, the China Daily reports. (ANI)

New, inexpensive pouch could reduce mother-to-infant HIV infection

Washington, May 14 (ANI): Duke University biomedical engineers have developed an inexpensive and easy-to-use system that allows mothers to give their newborns a potentially life-saving dose of an anti-HIV medication shortly after birth.

This is especially important since such drugs can only be found in clinics or hospitals, which can be days away from an expectant mother.

In order to be effective, the drug, known as Nevirapine, must be given to the newborn within days of birth. The challenge to date has been reaching distant mothers who give birth at home. Since most mothers are not up to traveling that soon after delivery to get medication, the biomedical engineers developed a way of providing the medication in a simple manner and with a long shelf-life, pouches made of foil and plastic that can hold a single dose of Nevirapine.

“In Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 90 percent of 430,000 new cases of AIDS in 2008 were attributable to mother-to-child transmission,” said Carolina Gamache, program coordinator in senior researcher Robert Malkin”s Developing World Healthcare Technology Laboratory at Duke”s Pratt School of Engineering. “A single dose of Nevirapine right after birth has been shown to be effective in protecting the baby from the virus, but it has been difficult for many reasons to make this option available to women who give birth at home.”

Gamache presented the results of the Duke research in London at the Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Developing Countries conference, which is sponsored by WHO and the Institute of Engineering and Technology. (ANI)

Infections cause two-thirds of child deaths: Study

London, May 12 (ANI): According to a new study, preventable infectious diseases cause two-thirds of child deaths.

Published in The Lancet, experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF”s Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) assessed data from 193 countries to produce estimates by country, region and the world.

“With less than five years to reach the United Nations Millennium Development Goal 4—to reduce child deaths by two-thirds from 1990 levels—it is vital for governments, public health organizations, and donors to have accurate country-level estimates so they can target their efforts effectively,” said lead author Dr. Robert Black, chair of the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

“These findings have important implications for national programs,” said UNICEF Chief of Health, Dr. Mickey Chopra. “The persistence of diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria, all of which are easily preventable and curable but which nonetheless remain the leading single causes of death worldwide, should spur us to do more to control these diseases.”

The study”s country and regional estimates, however, underscore how global efforts must be targeted to have maximum impact. Malaria, for instance, is responsible for approximately 16 percent of deaths in Africa, but is a comparatively minor disease in the rest of the world. The study did reveal successes in fighting some infectious diseases, such as measles and tetanus—each now only accounts for 1 percent of child deaths worldwide.

Newborn deaths—those within the first month of life—increased as a proportion of all child deaths globally from 37 percent in 2000 to 41 percent in 2008.

The two greatest single causes of death among neonates are pre-term birth complications and birth-related asphyxia.

“These new data make the compelling case that for countries to get on track for Millennium Development Goal 4, they need to scale up low-cost, effective newborn health interventions,” said co-author Dr. Joy Lawn, director of Global Policy and Evidence for Save the Children”s Saving Newborn Lives program. (ANI)

China to ban public smoking in 2011

New Delhi, May 11 (ANI): China will ban smoking in indoor public spaces including working place, public transportation vehicles and some other special outdoor working spaces from January 2011.

Yang Qing, director of the department of women and children’s healthcare and community hygiene under the Ministry of Health (MOH), said the ban is in accordance with the requirement by the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

Chinanews.com.cn quoted Yang as saying that a non-smoking campaign has been launched in the MOH, with Health Minister Chen Zhu being the leader, to ban smoking in the MOH building.

China began participating in the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, promising full implementation by 2011.

Half of China’s public health institutions will be non-smoking spaces in 2010. (ANI)

Iceland volcano ash plume sparks health fears

Washington, April 19 (ANI): The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a health warning to Europeans due to the eruption of Iceland”s Eyjafjallajokull volcano, which has created an enormous ash plume.

WHO has warned people to stay indoors or use masks when the ash begins to fall.

Ash is made up of tiny pieces of glassy sand and dust produced when explosive eruptions demolish solid rock or spray lava into the sky, where it solidifies before falling.

Experts say that ionhaling these particulates can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.

Finer particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause breathing problems, particularly among those with respiratory issues like asthma or emphysema.

However, other scientists believe that ash fall will be too limited and scattered to have much impact outside of Iceland.

“Locally, close to the eruption, it can cause health problems. But I seriously doubt that it will have a significant effect beyond that area,” National Geographic News quoted Thordarson, of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, as saying. (ANI)

Iceland volcano ash plume sparks health fears

Washington, April 19 (ANI): The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a health warning to Europeans due to the eruption of Iceland”s Eyjafjallajokull volcano, which has created an enormous ash plume.

WHO has warned people to stay indoors or use masks when the ash begins to fall.

Ash is made up of tiny pieces of glassy sand and dust produced when explosive eruptions demolish solid rock or spray lava into the sky, where it solidifies before falling.

Experts say that ionhaling these particulates can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.

Finer particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause breathing problems, particularly among those with respiratory issues like asthma or emphysema.

However, other scientists believe that ash fall will be too limited and scattered to have much impact outside of Iceland.

“Locally, close to the eruption, it can cause health problems. But I seriously doubt that it will have a significant effect beyond that area,” National Geographic News quoted Thordarson, of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, as saying. (ANI)

Aeras and Crucell Announce Start of Phase II TB study in South Africa

LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS, Apr 14 (MARKET WIRE) —
Dutch biopharmaceutical company Crucell N.V. (NYSE Euronext, NASDAQ:
CRXL) (SWISS: CRX) and the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation today
announced the start of a Phase II clinical trial of the jointly developed
tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 in HIV
infected adults.

The Phase II study is designed to test the safety and efficacy of
AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 in adults infected with HIV and will be conducted
by the Aurum Institute in Klerksdorp, South Africa. All Aeras-sponsored
TB vaccine candidates have been or will be tested for safety in people
living with HIV. Among people living with HIV in Africa and Asia, TB is a
leading cause of death. People with HIV living in countries with high TB
prevalence are 20 times more likely to develop TB than those who are
HIV-negative. According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2009 TB
surveillance report, one in four TB deaths globally is HIV-related, twice
as many as previously recognized. In 2007, there were an estimated 1.4
million new cases of TB among people living with HIV and 456 000 deaths.
Seventy-one percent of people with TB in South Africa are co-infected
with HIV.

“With the support of Crucell’s innovative technologies, we are on a joint
mission with Aeras to develop a next generation vaccine against TB,” said
Dr. Jaap Goudsmit, Crucell’s Chief Scientific Officer. “As there are many
potential uses of the new TB vaccine, it is crucial to test the safety
and immune responses in those who have been infected with HIV. That is
why we are extremely pleased with the initiation of this Phase II study,
an important next step towards our ambition of reducing the global burden
of this fatal disease.”

Enrollment of study volunteers for the first stage of the Phase II trial
has started. This is the first study testing the AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 TB
vaccine candidate among this study population.

In 2004, Aeras and Crucell began jointly developing this vaccine candidate
using Crucell’s AdVac(R)vaccine technology and PER.C6(R) manufacturing
technology. Data from all AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 trials support the
immunogenicity and acceptable safety profile of the TB vaccine candidate
at all dose levels evaluated.

AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 trials

In October 2008, the first Phase II study in adults who have had active TB
started in South Africa. In this ongoing study, AERAS-402 has demonstrated
an acceptable safety profile. Preliminary data indicate that the candidate
vaccine induces CD8-cell immune responses in patients who have completed
TB treatment.

To date, seven Phase I studies have been conducted in populations
including healthy adults and infants and adult tuberculosis patients:

* A trial in healthy adults not previously immunized with Bacille
Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the traditional TB vaccine, demonstrated that the
candidate vaccine had an acceptable safety profile in this population.

* A South African study showed CD8 T cell immune responses that are much
higher than those seen in humans in any previous TB vaccine study.

* US studies in healthy adults, focusing on the immunogenicity and safety
of two boost doses after BCG priming, showed that two injections of the
candidate vaccine are immunogenic, with an acceptable safety profile, when
used in combination with a BCG prime, regardless of the boosting
interval. This immune response is greater than that detected in the
absence of BCG prime, supporting the possible utility of
AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 as a booster vaccine. BCG prime alone shows
limited efficacy.

* Testing of the candidate vaccine’s safety in BCG-vaccinated adults with
or without latent TB has been completed in Kenya, with ongoing analysis.
The vaccine had an acceptable safety profile in this study.

* A trial in South Africa is testing the safety of the candidate vaccine
in infants previously vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The study is fully
enrolled and dosing is ongoing. To date, the vaccine appears to have an
acceptable safety profile in this study.

* Currently a US trial has started for more detailed analysis of the
immune response to AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35, using a known immunogenic
regimen of BCG and the candidate vaccine in healthy adults, followed by
collection of large numbers of immune cells.

About Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is the world’s second deadliest infectious disease, with
nearly 9.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2007. According to the WHO, an
estimated 1.8 million people died from TB in 2007. One-third of the
world’s population has been infected with the TB bacillus and current
treatment takes 6-9 months. The current TB vaccine, Bacille
Calmette-Guerin (BCG), developed over 85 years ago, reduces the risk of
severe forms of TB in early childhood but is not very effective in
preventing pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults – the populations with
the highest rates of TB disease. TB is changing and evolving, making new
vaccines more crucial for controlling the pandemic. Tuberculosis is now
the leading cause of death for people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly
in Africa. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant
TB (XDR-TB) are hampering treatment and control efforts.

About AdVac(R) technology and Ad35

AdVac(R) technology is a vaccine technology developed by Crucell and is
considered to play an important role in the fight against emerging and
reemerging infectious diseases, and in biodefense. The technology supports
the practice of inserting genetic material from the disease-causing virus
or parasite into a ‘vehicle’ called a vector, which then delivers the
immunogenic material directly to the immune system. Most vectors are
based on an adenovirus, such as the virus that causes the common cold.
The AdVac(R) technology is specifically designed to manage the problem of
preexisting immunity in humans against the most commonly used recombinant
vaccine vector, adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), without compromising
large-scale production capabilities or the immunogenic properties of Ad5.
AdVac(R) technology is based on adenoviruses that do not regularly occur
in the human population, such as Ad35. In contrast to for instance Ad35
antibodies, antibodies to Ad5 are widespread among people of all ages and
are known to lower the immune response to Ad5-based vaccines, thereby
impairing the efficacy of these vaccines. All vaccine candidates based on
AdVac(R) are produced using Crucell’s PER.C6(R) production technology.

About PER.C6(R) technology

Crucell’s PER.C6(R) technology is a cell line developed for the
large-scale manufacture of biopharmaceutical products including vaccines.
The production scale potential of the PER.C6(R) cell line has been
demonstrated in an unprecedented successful bioreactor run of 20,000
liters. Compared to conventional production technologies, the strengths
of the PER.C6(R) technology lie in its excellent safety profile,
scalability and productivity under serum-free culture conditions. These
characteristics, combined with its ability to support the growth of both
human and animal viruses, make PER.C6(R) technology the biopharmaceutical
production technology of choice for Crucell’s current and potential
pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners.

About Aeras

The Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation is a non-profit product development
partnership dedicated to the development of effective TB vaccine regimens
that will prevent tuberculosis in all age groups and will be affordable,
available and adopted worldwide. Aeras partners with academic,
biotechnology, pharmaceutical research institutes throughout the world to
ensure rapid development and ample vaccine distribution to eliminate TB.
Aeras receives funding from foundations and government aid agencies and
has six TB vaccine candidates in its product development pipeline. It
operates from its headquarters in Rockville, Maryland, and an office in
Cape Town, South Africa. For more information, please visit www.aeras.org.

About Aurum Institute

Aurum is an internationally recognized, specialist research and health
systems management organization. The focus is TB and HIV prevention,
treatment and care. The negative impact of the poor understanding and
management of these epidemics is vast, affecting individuals, communities
and economies. The recognition of the huge advantages of controlling
these diseases is Aurum’s motivation. Aurum has an international
reputation for its work in the fields of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and is
the recipient of research and other grants from South African and
international agencies and institutions for this work. For more
information, please visit www.auruminstitute.org.

About Crucell

Crucell N.V. (NYSE Euronext, NASDAQ: CRXL) (SWISS: CRX) is a global
biopharmaceutical company focused on research development, production and
marketing of vaccines, proteins and antibodies that prevent and/or treat
infectious diseases. Its vaccines are sold in public and private markets
worldwide. Crucell’s core portfolio includes a vaccine against hepatitis
B, a fully-liquid vaccine against five important childhood diseases and a
virosome-adjuvanted vaccine against influenza. Crucell also markets travel
vaccines, such as the only oral anti-typhoid vaccine, an oral cholera
vaccine and the only aluminum-free hepatitis A vaccine on the market. The
Company has a broad development pipeline, with several product candidates
based on its unique PER.C6(R) production technology. The Company licenses
its PER.C6(R) technology and other technologies to the biopharmaceutical
industry. Important partners and licensees include Johnson & Johnson, DSM
Biologics, sanofi-aventis, Novartis, Wyeth, GSK, CSL and Merck & Co.
Crucell is headquartered in Leiden, the Netherlands, with subsidiaries in
Argentina, China, Italy, Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the
USA. The Company employs over 1200 people. For more information, please
visit www.crucell.com.

Forward-looking statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve
inherent risks and uncertainties. We have identified certain important
factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those
contained in such forward-looking statements. For information relating to
these factors please refer to our Form 20-F, as filed with the US
Securities and Exchange Commission on April 7, 2010, in the section
entitled ‘Risk Factors’. The Company prepares its financial statements
under International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS).

For further information please contact Crucell:
Oya Yavuz
Vice President Corporate Communications & Investor Relations
Tel. +31 (0)71 519 7064
ir@crucell.com
www.crucell.com

[HUG#1403203]

PDF file: http://hugin.info/132631/R/1403203/357525.pdf

Copyright 2010, Market Wire, All rights reserved.

-0-

Antibiotic treatment could act as ‘lifeline’ for HIV patients

London, Mar 29 (ANI): Providing antibiotics to some newly diagnosed HIV patients could save tens of thousands of patients, but researchers are missing this opportunity, say researchers.

According to a major study in The Lancet, the simple, cheap, drug treatment halved mortality.

The World Health Organization already endorses the treatment, but specialists say many people are not given the drug.

In the battle against HIV, the researchers have long been focussing on antiretroviral drugs, which can greatly extend life.

However, many patients are at greatest risk in the first weeks after diagnosis, with a variety of infections ready to take advantage of their weakened immune systems.

Studies have estimated that as many as a quarter of people who enter antiretroviral drug treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa will die in the first year.

But the addition of co-trimoxazole, an inexpensive antibiotic, to the long-term treatment plan of those with the worst affected immune systems appears to prevent many of such deaths.

The Lancet study, carried out among 3,179 Ugandan patients, suggested a fall of 59 percent over the first 12 weeks, and 44 percent between 12 and 72 weeks.

Its authors, from the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit and Imperial College in London, and centres in Uganda and Zimbabwe, have said that the antibiotic is not available in many places.

They say their findings reinforce the need for swifter action by those responsible for drug treatment programmes.

According to professor Charles Gilks, who led the study, any arguments over the effectiveness of the antibiotics were now “well and truly answered”.

“Tens of thousands of lives can be saved by more universal use of the drug, costing just a few pence a day,” the BBC quoted him as saying.

In addition to preventing bacterial infections in HIV patients, the drug had a welcome benefit – it cut the incidence of malaria by a quarter. (ANI)

Donors asked for $4.3 billion for vaccines for poor

(Reuters) – A further $4.3 billion is needed if a global vaccines alliance is to meet its goal of supplying life-saving immunizations to millions of children in poor countries by 2015, the organization said on Monday.

World | Health

The GAVI Alliance (Global Alliance on Vaccines and Immunisation) said it had asked existing and potential donors to a meeting in The Hague on March 25 and 26 to challenge them to “make a strong impact” on childhood death rates.

In 2000, world leaders from 189 countries signed up to the Millennium Development Goals to reduce child mortality by two-thirds by 2015.

GAVI, which is supported by the World Health Organization, the World Bank, UNICEF, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and vaccine makers, says it has 40 percent of the $7 billion it needs between now and 2015 to help meet that goal.

GAVI has almost completed a large-scale campaign to supply so-called pentavalent, or five-in-one, vaccines to fight a range of preventable diseases including hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and Hib in developing countries.

“With $7 billion, (GAVI) will be able to fully roll out pentavalent vaccine and introduce new vaccines against pneumococcal disease and rotavirus diarrhea in over 40 countries,” it said in a statement. “These last two vaccines alone can save one million children by 2015.”

Britain last week pledged 150 million pounds over the next 10 years for GAVI’s core funding, a move the group’s deputy chief executive Helen Evans said she hoped others would follow.

“This is the first sovereign donor to have made a 10-year commitment to GAVI, and that really helps because it builds predictability into funding…and actually helps to shape the market for vaccines,” she told Reuters.

Children in rich nations are routinely immunized against the bacteria causing deadly diseases — namely Hib, pneumococcus and rotavirus — but in much of Africa, Asia and Latin America, babies and young people often remain dangerously exposed.

The scale of GAVI’s buying and distribution power allows it to secure much lower prices for vaccines, which are then supplied to poor nations at a fraction of their cost.

GAVI said last week it expected to announce a deal very soon on the supply of up to 200 million doses a year of cut-price pneumococcal vaccines to developing nations.

The pneumococcal deal will be partly funded by Britain, Italy, Canada, Russia, and Norway, who agreed in June last year to invest a total of $1.5 billion in the project.

(Editing by Ralph Boulton)

China becomes first country to be ready with H1N1 vaccine

Beijing, Sep. 9 (ANI): With the release of first batch of the H1N1 vaccine, the Chinese Health Ministry has announced the country’s vaccination plan against the influenza pandemic.

China has become the first country in the world to be ready with a vaccine.

Teenage students in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong will be at the front of the line when the government starts administering injections during October.

“With 1.3 billion people, we are limited in our ability to provide vaccines for all. Therefore, we have to continue with protective measures,” China Daily quoted Health Minister Chen Zhu, as saying.

So far, H1N1 has infected 5,592 people across the Chinese mainland.

Chen warned that China faces an uphill battle in trying to contain the H1N1 virus.

Under the Health Ministry’s plan, people with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, pregnant women, health care workers, border control officers, rail and aviation workers, soldiers and police will be given second priority.

Chen said the plan was “in line with the World Health Organization (WHO)’s suggestions”.

Participants in the National Day Parade on October 1 will get their jabs before the national inoculation plan starts next month.

“The inoculation for them will kick off within the week. The vaccine takes two weeks to provide protection,” Chen said.

The ministry plans to vaccinate five percent of the population by the end of the year.

Chen said there are contingency plans in place in case people suffer adverse effects from the vaccine.

WHO’s Beijing spokeswoman Vivian Tan said: “Special safety issues may arise when a new vaccine is administered on a massive scale.

Adverse effects that are too rare to show up in a large clinical trial could become apparent when much larger numbers of people receive the vaccine.” (ANI)

Large variations exist in peoples’ ability to eliminate arsenic from body

Washington, Aug 27 (ANI): A new study has shown that large variations exist in peoples’ ability to eliminate potentially toxic substance arsenic from the body.

In the study, Kevin Francesconi and colleagues found that some people eliminate more than 90 percent of the arsenic consumed in the diet while others store arsenic in their bodies, where it can have harmful effects.

Health effects from chronic arsenic exposure include skin and internal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and possibly diabetes.

Researchers say that drinking water in many parts of the world, including some regions of the United States, contain amounts of arsenic that exceed the World Health Organization’s maximum acceptable levels.

The study also found that consumption of seafood is another major source of arsenic contamination.

The scientists describe monitoring arsenic excretion in the urine of human volunteers.

They found that ability to eliminate arsenic from the body varied greatly, with some participants excreting up to 95 percent of the ingested arsenic but others eliminating as little as four percent.

“This observed individual variability in handling [arsenic] exposure has considerable implications for the risk assessment of arsenic ingestion,” the study states.

It adds that further study is needed to assess potential risks to humans consuming seafood products.

“The data presented here suggest that the long held view that seafood arsenic is harmless because it is present mainly as organoarsenic compounds needs to be reassessed,” the study states.

The research is scheduled for the Sept. 21 issue of ACS’s Chemical Research in Toxicology, a monthly journal. (ANI)

By 2015, 2 million people would die annually from tobacco-induced cancers

Washington, Aug 26 (ANI): By 2015, at least 2.1 million people will die each year because of tobacco-induced cancers, revealed The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition.

Published by the American Cancer Society and World Lung Foundation, the Atlas has estimated that tobacco use kills some six million people each year (more than a third of whom will die from cancer), and drains 500 billion dollars annually from global economies.

The Atlas graphically displays how tobacco is devastating both global health and economies, especially in middle- and low-resource countries, and tracks progress and outcomes in tobacco control.

Not only the death toll due to tobacco-induced cancers will go around 2 million by 2015, the Atlas predicted that by 2030, 83 percent of these deaths will occur in low and middle-income countries.

However, unlike other cancer-causing agents, the danger of tobacco is completely preventable through proven public policies.

Major measures include tobacco taxes, advertising bans, smokefree public places, and effective health warnings on packages.

These cost-effective policies are among those included in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), a global treaty endorsed by more than 160 countries, and recommended by the World Health Organization MPOWER policy package.

The Atlas revealed that the global economy lost a staggering 500 billion dollars due to tobacco use.

These economic costs come as a result of lost productivity, misused resources, missed opportunities for taxation, and premature death.

The Atlas revealed that in 2006, about 600 billion smuggled cigarettes made it to the market, representing an enormous missed tax opportunity for governments, as well as a missed opportunity to prevent many people from starting to smoke and encourage others to quit.

Tobacco replaces potential food production on almost 4 million hectares of the world’s agricultural land, equal to all of the world’s orange groves or banana plantations.

In developing countries, smokers spend disproportionate sums of money relative to their incomes that could otherwise be spent on food, healthcare, and other necessities.

The Tobacco Atlas established an undeniable trend-the tobacco industry has shifted its marketing and sales efforts to countries that have less effective public health policies and fewer tobacco control resources in place:

It predicted that in 2010, 72 percent of those who die from tobacco related illnesses would be in low- and middle-income countries.

It revealed that since 1960 global tobacco production has increased three-fold in low- and middle-resource countries while halving in high-resource countries.

“The Tobacco Atlas is crucial to helping advocates in every nation get the knowledge they need to combat the most preventable global health epidemic,” said Dr. John R. Seffrin, chief executive officer, American Cancer Society.

The Tobacco Atlas was unveiled at the LIVESTRONG Global Cancer Summit. (ANI)

People with HIV, TB, malaria should not rely on homeopathy, says WHO

London, Aug 21 (ANI): The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned people with HIV, TB and malaria to stay away from the use of homeopathic medicines.

The WHO’s statement came following concerns of young researchers who fear that encouraging the use of homeopathy in developing countries could risk people’s lives.

A group called Voice of Young Science Network, which is part of the charity Sense About Science, had also campaigned for “evidence-based” care.he BBC quoted Dr Mario Raviglione, director, Stop TB department, WHO, as saying: “Our evidence-based WHO TB treatment/management guidelines, as well as the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care do not recommend use of homeopathy.”

Speaking on the use of Homeopathy to treat diarrhoea in children, a spokesman for the WHO department of child and adolescent health and development said: “We have found no evidence to date that homeopathy would bring any benefit.

“Homeopathy does not focus on the treatment and prevention of dehydration – in total contradiction with the scientific basis and our recommendations for the management of diarrhoea.”

Medics from the UK and Africa had written to the WHO in June asking the body to discourage the use of homeopathic treatment. They had said: “We are calling on the WHO to condemn the promotion of homeopathy for treating TB, infant diarrhoea, influenza, malaria and HIV.

“Homeopathy does not protect people from, or treat, these diseases.

“Those of us working with the most rural and impoverished people of the world already struggle to deliver the medical help that is needed.

“When homeopathy stands in place of effective treatment, lives are lost.”

Dr Robert Hagan, a biomolecular science researcher at the University of St Andrews and a member of Voice of Young Science Network, as saying: “We need governments around the world to recognise the dangers of promoting homeopathy for life-threatening illnesses.

“We hope that by raising awareness of the WHO’s position on homeopathy we will be supporting those people who are taking a stand against these potentially disastrous practices.”

Dr Nick Beeching, a specialist in infectious diseases at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, said: “Infections such as malaria, HIV and tuberculosis all have a high mortality rate but can usually be controlled or cured by a variety of proven treatments, for which there is ample experience and scientific trial data.

“There is no objective evidence that homeopathy has any effect on these infections, and I think it is irresponsible for a healthcare worker to promote the use of homeopathy in place of proven treatment for any life-threatening illness.” (ANI)

Nancy Goodman Brinker – Breast Cancer Survivor – Catalyst – United States Ambassador to Hungary – President Barack Obama – Presidential Medal of Freedom – Nation’s Highest Civilian Honor

Nancy Goodman Brinker | Breast Cancer Survivor | Catalyst | United States Ambassador to Hungary | President Barack Obama | Presidential Medal of Freedom | Nation’s Highest Civilian Honor

CONGRATULATION TO NANCY BRINKER

Nancy Goodman Brinker born on December 6, 1946, in Peoria, Illinois is the founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure, an organization named after her only sister, Susan, who died from breast cancer in 1980 at age 36. Brinker was also United States Ambassador to Hungary from 2001 to 2003 and Chief of Protocol of the United States from 2007 to the end of the George W. Bush administration.

A breast cancer survivor herself, Brinker uses her experience to heighten understanding of the disease. She speaks publicly on the importance of patient’s rights and medical advancements in breast cancer research and treatment.She is currently serving as the World Health organization’s Goodwill Ambassador for Cancer Control.

Brinker has helped build Komen by fostering a coalition of relationships within the business community, government, and volunteer sectors in the United States.

For her work on breast cancer research, Time magazine named Brinker to its 2008 list of the 100 most influential people in the world.Calling her “a catalyst to ease suffering in the world”.

President Barack Obama honored Brinker with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor on August 12th 2009.