European company develops mobile robots that are autonomous and multi-tasking

Madrid (Spain), September 19 (ANI): An European company has developed innovative robots which are mobile, multifunctional, collaborative, autonomous and polyvalent, suitable for a wide range of work from street cleaning and rubbish collection to accompanying elderly people.

According to a report carried out in www.basqueresearch.com, this new generation of robots have been developed by TECNALIA Technological Corporation, and are a part of the European DUSTBOT research project under the remit of the VI European Framework Programme and in which TECNALIA is participating.

These latest generation robots are suitable for the monitoring of large spaces (open and closed), as guides for persons in large shopping areas (indicating to them where a particular shop or product is within a shopping centre), for accompanying elderly people or those with certain disabilities (both at home and outside), thanks to their functions of orientation, navigation, communications with others or tele-assistance centres.

They can also be used as guides in teaching spaces (museums, visitor centres), and for transport, storage and transport and goods deliveries, besides the cleaning of both open and closed surfaces, which have either difficult or easy access.

DUSTBOT has collaborative, multifunctional and autonomous robots that are capable of operating in partially destructured environments/situations based on information provided by a map.

The robots can also facilitate working in large areas, stations, airports and other types of public buildings, without being any obstacle for the activity of these places, given its reduced size, and without being a danger for members of the public, thanks to the novel system for the detection and avoidance of obstacles.

The rail station of the Euskotren company in the Bilbao neighbourhood of Atxuri in Spain was chosen for the public presentation of these devices.

The demonstration of two robot models was undertaken: the DustCart and the DustClean.

The DustCart robot, measuring 1.45 metres high and 70 Kg in weight, has a humanoid form and is designed to interact with the user and for the collection of low demand waste.

The DustClean robot, in the form of a small vehicle and measuring 96 cm high and 250 Kg in weight, cleans streets of dirt and dust. Moreover, both control the quality of air in real time.

“These robots are the solution for cleaning areas of difficult access and for the collection of rubbish at the very front door of, above all, persons who have mobility problems when moving the rubbish to the communal waste containers,” said Inaki Inzunza, Director of the Business Unit at the Tecnalia Technological Corporation. (ANI)

Britons spend 1 month of their lives looking for TV remote!

London, Sept 18 (ANI): Britons waste one month of their lives searching for the television remote control, a new study has found.

After studying 4,000 individuals, the researchers found that the average viewer loses it an average of 3.2 times a week and spends more than four minutes looking for it each time, reports The Scotsman.

That means each week Brits spend 15 minutes hunting for the device.

Kathryn Drought, of Sky, who led the study to launch the broadcaster’s Free Weekend Pass, said: “The remote control is such a well-used item in the nation’s homes.

“It’s one of those things we’re forever trying to find – normally down the back of the sofa.

“TV plays such a big part in our lives. It’s not surprising who is in control of the remote is such a hot household topic.”

Three in ten volunteers admitted hiding the remote from a partner or housemate, and 17 per cent have thrown it at someone in a fit of “remote rage”, the study found. (ANI)

Catalyst simulations for fuel cells may make clean cars a reality

Washington, Sep 18 (ANI): University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers are working towards developing better catalyst for fuel cells in a bid to make clean cars a reality.

If successful, the researchers could make a car that runs on hydrogen from solar power, and produces water instead of carbon emissions.

Materials science and engineering assistant professor Dane Morgan and Ph.D. student Edward (Ted) Holby have developed a computational model that could optimise an important component of fuel cells, making it possible for the technology to have a more widespread use.

The researchers investigated how particle size is related to the overall stability of a material, and showed with their model that increasing the particle size of a fuel cell catalyst decreases degradation and therefore increases the useful lifetime of a fuel cell.

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that facilitate a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing electrical power and forming water.

In the type of fuel cells Morgan is researching, called proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), hydrogen is split into a proton and electron at one side of the fuel cell (the anode).

The proton moves through the device while the electron is forced to travel in an external circuit, where it can perform useful work, while at the other side of the fuel cell (the cathode), the protons, electrons and oxygen combine to form water, which is the only waste product.

One of the many hurdles to producing efficient fuel cells for widespread use is the catalyst added to aid the reaction between protons, electrons and oxygen at the cathode.

Current fuel cells use platinum and platinum alloys as a catalyst. While platinum can withstand the corrosive fuel cell environment, it is expensive and not very abundant.

Thus, to maximize platinum use, researchers use catalysts made with platinum particles as small as two nanometers, which are approximately 10 atoms across.

These tiny structures have a large surface area on which the fuel cell reaction occurs.

However, platinum catalysts this small degrade very quickly, which means that the fuel cell doesn’t last long.

The researchers have found a possible solution to the rapid degradation problem-when it comes to catalyst particle size, sometimes smaller isn’t better.

In their modelling work, they showed that if the particle size of a platinum catalyst is increased to four or five nanometers, which is approximately 20 atoms across, the level of degradation significantly decreases.

This means the catalyst and the fuel cell as a whole can continue to function for much longer than if the particle size was only two or three nanometers.

“Fuel cells are just one of many energy technologies – solar, battery, etc. – with enormous potential to reduce our dependence on oil and our carbon emissions. Computer simulation offers a powerful tool to understand and develop new materials at the heart of these energy technologies,” said Morgan. (ANI)

Workshop on use of textiles in agriculture to begin today

New Delhi, Sept 18 (ANI): The Ministry of Textiles and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) will jointly organise a workshop on use of textiles in agriculture here today.

Over 100 delegates from various sectors like agriculture, the State Governments, agricultural universities, forest departments and institutes will attend the workshop.

The technical textiles are used in agriculture to fabricate shade-nets, crop-covers, mulch-nets, anti-hail nets, bird protection nets, fishing nets and greenhouse covers. The use of these items is very limited in the context of Indian agriculture.

The objective of the workshop is to sensitize stakeholders about myriad applications of technical textiles in agriculture and environmental engineering.

It will also create awareness amongst the stakeholders about the benefits of these items.

The workshop will also focus on various rules/legislations that need to be amended to facilitate the use of these textiles in various applications.

Technical textiles products used in the agriculture are known as Agrotech and those used for environmental protection are called Oekotech.

The major applications of Oekotech are for landfill waste management. It includes products used to prevent leakage of municipal or hazardous waste in landfills and suitable use of waste.

The consumption of these technical textiles products remains limited despite their perceived benefits.

With rapid urbanisation, the waste management has become major issue in India and Oekotech applications provide an effective way of managing the waste in an environment friendly manner. (ANI)

Scientists use bacteria to make radioactive metals inert

Washington, September 9 (ANI): A team of scientists is researching the use of sulfate-reducing bacteria to convert toxic radioactive metal to inert substances, a much more economical solution.

The research is being done by Judy Wall, a biochemistry professor at the University of Missouri College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources.

The bacteria Wall is studying are bio-corrosives and can change the solubility of heavy metals.

They can take uranium and convert it to uraninite, a nearly insoluble substance that will sink to the bottom of a lake or stream.

Wall is looking into the bacteria’s water cleansing ability and how long the changed material would remain inert.

Wall’s research could also be beneficial to heavy metal pollution from storage tanks and industrial waste.

The bacteria are already present in more than 7,000 heavy metal contaminated sites, but they live in a specific range of oxygen and temperature, making them difficult to control.

“Our research must be done in the absence of air,” Wall said. “Obviously, none but the most committed – and stubborn – will work with them,” she added.

Even if an oxygen-tolerant strain were developed, there are still multiple factors that would make applying the bacteria challenging, and these microbes can contribute to massive iron corrosion.

“Knowledge of the way bacteria live in the environment, in microbial communities, is still in its infancy,” Wall said. “We just don’t know a lot about the communication systems among microbes,” she added.

Wall and researchers from the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory in California are investigating the bacterium’s basic genetics and hope to determine its growth limits and activity in natural settings, including how to make its interactions with metals sustainable.

They have already identified a few genes that are critical to converting uranium. (ANI)

‘Smell of space’ strong, metallic and unique, say NASA astronauts

Washington, September 7 (ANI): NASA astronauts aboard the US space shuttle Discovery have said that the smell of space, which is regarded as the final frontier, is strong, metallic and unique.

“There is one smell up here that is really unique though and that is the smell, we just call it ‘the smell of space’,” said NASA engineer and astronaut Gregory Chamitoff, who is on board US space shuttle Discovery.

“I haven’t had a chance to do a spacewalk yet, but when the other guys did and they came back in, there’s this really, really strong metallic smell,” he added.

For rookie astronaut Kevin Ford, Discovery’s pilot, both the sounds and smells of space have surprised him.

“It’s like something I haven’t ever smelled before, but I’ll never forget it,” he said. “You know how those things stick with you,” he added.

Chamitoff and Ford are among 13 astronauts on board the International Space Station and US space shuttle Discovery.

Astronauts from Discovery have concluded a third and final spacewalk, installing new equipment on the International Space Station (ISS), though failing to connect some of the cables.

The spacewalkers deployed a new payload attachment system, replaced a failed gyro assembly, installed two GPS antennae and did some work to prepare for the installation of the Node 3 “Tranquility” module next year.

Built in Italy by the European Space Agency, Node 3 “Tranquility” is scheduled to be flown to the ISS next February.

It contains the most advanced life support systems designed to recycle waste water and generate oxygen. (ANI)

Punjab authorities launch drive to uproot “Congress Grass”

Nag Khurd (Amritsar), Sep.5 (ANI): Farmers in Punjab are confronted with an unusual problem these days. A weed described as “Congress Grass” has covered all soil-bunds in the fields here and the administration is taking up measures to educate farmers about how to obviate it.

The “Congress Grass” is said to be a major biological pollutant of the environment. It is described as one of the seven most destructive weeds of the world.

Locally known as ‘Gajar Buti’, the Congress Grass has become an ecological nuisance especially on sides of link roads and other waste lands. It causes Asthma, Allergy and skin diseases to humans and also the animals.

It becomes a host for dangerous insects. Nowadays the vast growth of this weed can also be seen on roadsides and other wastelands.

Observing its harmful effects on the fields, the agriculture department has decided to pull out the “Congress grass” from its roots.

It is a mechanical technique in which fodder cutter machines attached to tractors are to be used to clear the area covered up by Congress Grass.

The novel technique of mechanical removal of this weed from the sides of link roads and wastelands in Amritsar district was started on Thursday.

Authorities are spreading public awareness among farmers through demonstrations about the new technique with the help of fodder cutting machine by eradicating Congress Grass.

With the help of the machines, the farmers are able to get rid of this menace of “Congress Grass” more effectively and rapidly.

The idea to use fodder cutting machine for this purpose has been conceived by Deputy Commissioner, Amritsar, Kahn Singh Pannu.

On Thursday, Pannu demonstrated to farmers by driving a tractor in Nag Khurd village in Majitha area about how to pull out the “Congress Grass”.

Talking to ANI Pannu said, this is first time in Punjab that they are cutting the hazardous weed “Congress Grass” with fodder cutter machines and it is giving god results.

According to Pannu, Congress Grass is not only harmful to the crop but also causes severe skin problems like rashes and itching and some time cause respiratory diseases.

“Through demonstration, we are creating awareness and educating the farmers to get rid of this unwanted weed by applying new methods,” Pannu said.

With the help of department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Rural Development, about 20 Fodder Cutter Machines in the district will be employed for the removal of the Congress Grass from the berms and the waste lands in the district.

The farmers, who own these machines, will operate them to remove the weed and they will be paid for their services by the Panchayats (village councils).

“Since these day we have ample time so we would pull out the Congress Grass by applying the new method,” said Satnam Singh, a farmer, while adding that it is more convenient as there has been always a shortage of labour in Punjab.

“Apart from the damage to crop through reduced yields, Congress Grass is weakening the strength of the land,” said Inder Preet Singh, another farmer.

Appreciating the efforts being made by administrative authorities, Singh said he feels that agriculture department should organize more camps so that the more farmers could benefit by eradicating the Congress Grass from their field. By Ravinder Singh Robin(ANI)

Maldives uses coconuts to reduce its CO2 emissions

London, September 4 (ANI): The Maldives government has launched a project to reduce its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using “biochar”, a charcoal made from bio-wastes such as coconut shells.

According to a report by BBC News, the pilot project, launched by the Maldives government together with a UK-based company, Carbon Gold, aims to produce biochar using bio-waste, including coconut shells, which are abundantly available in the archipelago.

Biochar is produced through the “slow cooking” (pyrolysis) of plant wastes. The resulting black char is rich in carbon and can be mixed with soil as a fertiliser.

“While wasting the environment we are wasting a lot of money by buying (fertilizer) from abroad,” said Minister of state for fisheries and agriculture, Aminath Shafia.

“So, we were looking into a project that could develop it using something that is available in the country,” she said.

The Maldives wants to be carbon neutral by 2020

President Mohamed Nasheed, who earlier announced a target of going carbon neutral by 2020, has welcomed the new partnership.

“Biochar has a crucial role in helping us achieve carbon neutral status as well as providing an economic and environmental boost to our people,” he said.

Shafia said that the project would be launched on three islands and rolled out to others if farmers responded positively.

According to officials at Carbon Gold, biochar is an effective way of removing CO2 from the atmosphere.

The company said that the fertiliser also improves soil fertility and locks up its carbon contents for several years after it is ploughed into the ground.

Daniel Morrel, a co-founder of the company, told BBC News that the Maldives was the first government to sponsor its production.

He described biochar as “carbon negative”.

“Waste that would have rotted or been burnt before is now locked up and put very safely in the soil,” he said.

“It is not one of the best solutions, but the great thing about biochar is while everybody is talking about reducing the CO2 emissions, this is actually taking CO2 out of the atmosphere,” he added. (ANI)

Polluted Sutlaj River water causing skin disease

Ropar (Punjab), Aug 30 (ANI): Hazardous industrial waste seeping into the Sutlaj River flowing through Ropar District in Punjab has contaminated the water to the extent that people are getting skin diseases and stomach ailments.

Environmentalists blamed cement and thermal factories along the Sutlaj River for polluting the water, apart from effluents released into the river from factories in Himachal Pradesh.

“The industrial effluents released from a thermal plant near Ghanoli in Ropar is going into the river and percolating into the ground water. When people draw the water from a hand pump or a well, it has lot of sulphur and other chemicals,” said Jaswant Singh, an environmentalist in Ropar.

People living in about 20 villages mainly use ground water, which has a high sulphur content. They say the water drawn from a well or hand pump looks yellow and tastes weird and it is inflicting skin diseases.

“We can’t work in this water for long. If you do, you get various skin diseases and it also upsets the stomach,” said Jaswant Singh, a patient.

There has been a sudden increase in the number of people visiting health centres due to various water-borne diseases.

“Contaminated water is the main problem here. We are getting lot of patients with skin disease, boils, diarrhea and cholera,” said Amandeep Kaur, a pharmacist at a local health centre.

The polluted water in the area may endanger human and wild life, say environmentalists. By Sunil Sharma (ANI)

Murray frustrated by “in your face” drug-tests, whereabouts clause

New York, Aug 29(ANI): British tennis player Andy Murray has expressed frustration over the ‘intrusive’ drug-testing protocol and said that the “in your face” way that these tests are done is annoying.

Murray further said that it has become even more annoying to let the World Anti-Doping Agency know where he will be for an hour of every day of the year.

“It was such a hassle. I don’t know what it’s like in other sports. I’m sure it’s tough for the athletics guys as well. I’d just like it to be a little bit more relaxed,” The Telegraph quoted Murray, as saying.

“I just think it’s a little bit in your face the whole thing. When you’ve finished your matches, a little bit more space would be nice,” he added.

The 22-year-old also said that the players are not provided space and their privacy is repeatedly invaded by the agency.

“After I lost at Wimbledon, I was obviously disappointed because it’s a grand slam, and within two minutes of getting off the court the guy was right there, standing next to me. And I just very politely said to him, “Can you give me a little bit of space please? I’d like to be on my own for five minutes’. And he’s like, ‘Yeah, yeah, sure’, and takes one step back,” Murray said.

He said that the tests waste their precious time, as the agency asks them to go through urine, as well as blood tests.

“So when he did that, I said, ‘Right I’m going to go do my test right now’, and I went downstairs, did my urine sample, took five or 10 minutes, and then they said that I had to go and do a blood test as well,” Murray said.

“I was like, ‘Right, that’s fine, let’s do it’. And they said, ‘Sorry, you can’t do the blood test now, as you’ve got to wait until 45 minutes, an hour, after your match before you do it’. So there are so many rules and things so if you do everything right, they will still keep you waiting,” he added. (ANI)

Arnie holds online Garage Sale to balance California’s budget!

London, Aug 28 (ANI): California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is holding an online “garage sale” in a bid to balance the 26-billion dollar deficit of the state budget.

The “Governator” has put up 6,000 items including cars, computers and binoculars for sale on eBay and Craigslist.

Schwarzenegger has even autographed the sun visors of several on-sale vehicles to attract customers.

The Telegraph quoted Schwarzenegger as saying on his website: “By posting items online, Californians and people from other states and around the world can participate in the Great California Garage Sale.This is a win-win for the state and for shoppers. Together we are eliminating waste and providing great deals in this tough economy.

“I look forward to selling these signed cars and making some dollars for California,” he wrote on the Twitter micro-blogging website last week.

The two-day auction is being held on Friday and Saturday.(ANI)

Dead Sea shrinking by 1 meter every year

Washington, August 27 (ANI): Reports indicate that the Dead Sea is still shrinking fast, with water levels continuing to drop at the rate of about 1 meter per year.

Praised far and wide for the reputed healing powers of its minerals and waters, the Dead Sea has been luring visitors for thousands of years.

But these days, tourists see a very different lake from the one that others would have witnessed a few decades ago.

According to a report in National Geographic News, the sea sits in the lowest place on earth, and for years, the water level was 1280 feet below sea level. However, in the last 40 years, it’s dropped more than 80 feet.

Today, the Dead Sea continues to drop at the rate of about 1 meter per year.

This dramatic shortage is particularly evident at Israel’s Ein Gedi Spa, on the southern shores of the Dead Sea.

“The beach was here, and now (it’s) far away. You can see it’s more than one kilometre from here. In 30 years, the beach (will have) disappeared,” said Alon Shachal, Ein Gedi Spa Manager.

The need to change the status quo and find a solution to the Dead Sea’s alarming shrinking has been a concern for years for ‘Friends of the Earth Middle East’, a non-governmental organization that brings together Palestinian, Israeli and Jordanian environmentalists.

“After the ’60′s, we started to see a dramatic decrease in the surface area of the Dead Sea. And according to the different studies, in 50 years from now, at the same rate, which is 1 meter per year of drop in the surface level of the Dead Sea, means that this sea will not be the same. It will be more of a very small lake; not the same area that we have today,” said Iyad Aburdeieneh, Project Coordinator, Friends of the Earth Middle East Bethlehem.

According to Gidon Bromberg, from Friends of the Earth Middle East Tel Aviv, “The Dead Sea has had its taps closed from both ends. From the North, in fact here in front of us is where the Jordan River should be flowing to the Dead Sea, but the Jordan River basically doesn’t flow anymore.”

“Ninety-five per cent of its waters have been diverted by Israel, by Syria, by Jordan, so that what’s left in the Jordan River – a river holy to half of humanity – is little more than agriculture runoff, fish farm waste and, mostly, untreated sewage waters,” he said. (ANI)

Waste by-product of malaria parasite’s reproductive process linked to devastating fever

Washington, August 21 (ANI): Studying hemozoin – a crystal-like by-product released during reproduction among parasites from the Plasmodium family – may help understand why malaria leads to devastating inflammation and fever, according to a Canadian study.

Lead researcher Dr. Martin Olivier, of McGill University in Montreal, points out that, inside the human body, the malaria parasite infects red blood cells where it survives and reproduces by feeding on the cells’ contents.

Eventually, says the researcher, the cells burst and release the parasites and hemozoin.

“Our results describe the mechanism by which the hemozoin activates the immune system, resulting in the production of inflammation mediators and in the high fever that we witness in malaria patients,” said study’s first-author Dr. Marina Tiemi Shio, of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC).

According to the researchers, hemozoin is first ingested by “cleaning” cells called macrophages, which leads to a chain reaction ending in the activation of the inflammasome: an important structure inside immune cells which lead to inflammation.

They say that the activation of the inflammasome leads to the production of the body’s fever mediator, interleukin beta (IL-beta).

“Our work is a milestone in that it is the first study that reveals the enzymes that act as intermediary between the hemozoin and inflammasome. Now our picture of the process that goes from infection to fever is more or less complete,” said Dr. Olivier.

“On the other hand, we also proved that malaria is too complex to be narrowed down to one single mechanism. In the absence of either IL-beta or a functional inflammsaome, the development of the disease is delayed but not completely stopped. Although the discovery of this relationship is important, there are other mechanisms at work,” he added.

Even though scientists have been familiar with the mechanisms that go from the activation of the inflammasome to the onset of the malaria symptoms, none of the previous studies has ever shown the beginning of the process.

“These results prove the primary role hemozoin plays in the development of malaria, and designates it as a favoured choice for future innovative treatments,” said Dr. Olivier.

The researchers believe it will be possible to familiarize the immune system to small quantities of hemozoin, and diminish the inflammatory response in the event of infection, according to a principle similar to that of vaccines.

The results of the study have been published in the journal PLoS Pathogens. (ANI)

‘Indestructible’ plastics decompose quickly to toxify world’s oceans

Washington, August 20 (ANI): A new study has determined that plastics, which are reputed to be virtually indestructible, decompose with surprising speed and release potentially toxic substances into the water.

This is the first study to look at what happens over the years to the billions of pounds of plastic waste floating in the world’s oceans.

Scientists always believed that plastics in the oceans were unsightly, but a hazard mainly to marine animals that eat or become ensnared in plastic objects.

“Plastics in daily use are generally assumed to be quite stable,” said study lead researcher Katsuhiko Saido.

“We found that plastic in the ocean actually decomposes as it is exposed to the rain and sun and other environmental conditions, giving rise to yet another source of global contamination that will continue into the future,” he said.

He said that polystyrene begins to decompose within one year, releasing components that are detectable in the parts-per-million range.

Those chemicals also decompose in the open water and inside marine life.

However, the volume of plastics in the ocean is increasing, so that decomposition products remain a potential problem.

According to Saido, a chemist with the College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan, his team found that when plastic decomposes, it releases potentially toxic bisphenol A (BPA) and PS oligomer into the water, causing additional pollution.

Plastics usually do not break down in an animal’s body after being eaten. However, the substances released from decomposing plastic are absorbed and could have adverse effects.

BPA and PS oligomer are sources of concern because they can disrupt the functioning of hormones in animals and can seriously affect reproductive systems.

Some studies suggest that low-level exposure to BPA released from certain plastic containers and the linings of cans may have adverse health effects.

Saido described a new method to simulate the breakdown of plastic products at low temperatures, such as those found in the oceans.

The process involves modeling plastic decomposition at room temperature, removing heat from the plastic and then using a liquid to extract the BPA and PS oligomer.

Typically, styrofoam is crushed into pieces in the ocean and finding these is no problem, he said.

But, when the study team was able to degrade the plastic, it discovered that three new compounds not found in nature formed, which are highly toxic. (ANI)

Natural organic matter plays key role in making mercury toxic to living creatures

Washington, August 19 (ANI): Scientists have found that naturally occurring organic matter in water and sediment appears to play a key role in helping microbes convert tiny particles of mercury in the environment into a form that is toxic to most living creatures.

According to Duke University environmental engineers, this finding is important because it could change the way mercury in the environment is measured and therefore regulated.

This particularly harmful form of the element, known as methylmercury, is a potent toxin for nerve cells. When ingested by organisms, it is not excreted and builds up in tissues or organs.

In a series of laboratory experiments, Amrika Deonarine, a graduate student in civil and environmental engineering at Duke’s Pratt School of Engineering, found that organic matter and chemical compounds containing sulfur – known as sulfides – can readily bind to form mercury sulfide nanoparticles.

Since they are more soluble than larger particles, these nanoparticles may be the precursors to a process known as methylation.

“When the organic material combines with the mercury, it prevents the particle from accumulating with other mercury particles and growing larger,” said Deonarine.

“Since the mercury remains in a nanoparticle size, it can easily collect on the surface of microbes where any mercury that dissolves can be taken in by the microbes,” she said.

“Without the organic matter, the mercury sulfide nanoparticles would grow too large and become insoluble, thus reducing the availability of mercury for microbial methylation,” she added.

It is while inside the microbe that the mercury is converted into the harmful methylmercury form, according to the researchers.

These reactions can only take place in cold water environments with little to no oxygen, such as the zone of sediment just below the bottom of a body of water.

Other such anaerobic environments can also be found in waste water and sewage treatment systems, the researchers said.

Mercury is extremely toxic and can lead to kidney dysfunctions, neurological disorders and even death. In particular, fetuses exposed to methylmercury can suffer from these same disorders as well as impaired learning abilities.

There are many ways mercury gets into the environment, with the primary sources being the combustion of coal, the refining of such metals as gold and other non-ferrous metals, and in the gases released during volcanic eruptions. (ANI)

Giant robotic cages may one day roam the seas as future fish farms

Washington, August 19 (ANI): If scientists have their way, giant robotic cages may one day roam the seas as future fish farms, which could help produce greener, healthier, and more numerous fish.

According to a report in National Geographic News, scientists propose that in the future, giant, autonomous fish farms may whir through the open ocean, mimicking the movements of wild schools or even allowing fish to forage “free range” before capturing them once again.

Such motorized cages could help produce greener, healthier, and more numerous fish, just when humans need them the most.

The world’s growing population is devouring seafood as quickly as it can be caught and has seriously depleted the world’s wild fish stocks, warn experts.

Traditional fish farms typically consist of cages submerged in shallow, calm waters near shore, where they are protected from the weather and easily accessible for feeding and maintenance.

But, raising fish in such close quarters can contribute to the spread of disease among the animals, and wastes may foul the waters.

Cages must be moved to keep the waters clean and the fish healthy.

Deepwater cages offer cleaner, more freely circulating ocean water and natural food, which can yield tastier fish.

But, the deep-sea cages must be built to withstand the rigors of the deep ocean. And because they are harder for humans to access, “smarter,” self-sufficient cages could be key.

That’s one reason that Cliff Goudey, director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Offshore Aquaculture Engineering Center, is building cages that can move under their own power.

Goudey has equipped an Aquapod cage, produced by Maine-based Ocean Farm Technologies, with a pair of 2.4-meter (8-foot) diameter propellers, which can be steered easily by controllers on a boat to which the cage is tethered.

Aquapods are composed of triangular panels covered with vinyl-coated, galvanized steel netting and come in sizes from 8 to 28 meters in diameter (26 to 92 feet in diameter).

Goudey’s technology gives fish farmers a way to rotate cage locations without towing cages behind boats.

Someday such automated cages could herald an entirely new form of fish farming.

They might be turned loose to mimic natural systems by following carefully chosen ocean currents.

The robotic fish farms could help lead to larger, healthier crops of farmed fish far from crowded coastal areas, where farmed fish both suffer from poor water quality and, by producing waste, add to water woes.

Cages might even generate their own electricity by harnessing solar energy, wave energy, or other forms of renewable power. (ANI)

Ponting trying to divert attention from Oz failure: Flower

London, July 15 (ANI): Reacting for the first time after a spellbinding climax in the Cardiff Test, coach Andy Flower has said that Australian skipper Ricky Ponting by accusing the England team of delaying tactics, is trying to deflect attention from Australia’s failure to take the wicket they needed to go ahead in the Ashes series

The England’s team director totally rejected the assertion that his side was guilty of gamesmanship if not cheating.

“I am a little surprised at all the hullabaloo over it, to be honest. From my own perspective, in that last hour of the game, there was no time wasting by us. Have a look at the footage yourself. Never did we consciously try to waste time,” he said.

Flower was upset by the allegations of Ponting, who said in the immediate aftermath that England’s behaviour in twice sending out their 12th man in the closing stages was “pretty ordinary.”

Ponting also suggested that the issue should be taken up with the England hierarchy, The Independent reported.

“He has got his own opinion, and I respect his opinion. He is a very good cricketer and has been a very good ambassador for Australia. But in this instance, I think he has made a meal of it,” Flower said.

Flower added that Ponting was making far too much of it and deflecting attention from what really mattered – England’s great escape and Australia’s failure to take the wicket they needed to go ahead in the series.

Flower seemed perplexed by the attention that has been given to England’s decision to send on the 12th man, Bilal Shafayat, in successive overs, the second time accompanied by the team physiotherapist, Steve McCaig.

“Most teams in those situations, you have batsmen talking in the middle for extended periods, knocking down the pitch, changing gloves, getting drinks, which all waste time. At no stage in the last couple of hours did we do that,” Flower said.

“The second point, was that there was perceived confusion out in the middle about what time the game was going to end. We needed to get messages out to them to make sure they were clear.” (ANI)

New military robot to fuel itself by gobbling up dead bodies

Washington, July 15 (ANI): A Maryland company under contract to the Pentagon is working on a steam-powered robot that would fuel itself by gobbling up whatever organic material it can find – grass, wood, old furniture, or even dead bodies.

Robotic Technology Inc.’s Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot (EATR) “can find, ingest, and extract energy from biomass in the environment (and other organically-based energy sources), as well as use conventional and alternative fuels (such as gasoline, heavy fuel, kerosene, diesel, propane, coal, cooking oil, and solar) when suitable,” reads the company’s Web site.

Animal and human corpses contain plenty of energy, and they’d be plentiful in a war zone.

EATR will be powered by the Waste Heat Engine developed by Cyclone Power Technology of Pompano Beach, Florida, which uses an “external combustion chamber” burning up fuel to heat up water in a closed loop, generating electricity.

The advantages to the military are that the robot would be extremely flexible in fuel sources and could roam on its own for months, even years, without having to be refueled or serviced.

Upon the EATR platform, the Pentagon could build all sorts of things – a transport, an ambulance, a communications center, even a mobile gunship.

Robotic Technology is presenting EATR as an essentially benign artificial creature that fills its belly through “foraging,” despite the obvious military purpose. (ANI)

Waste from TV screens may be recycled for medical purposes, say researchers

Washington, July 14 (ANI): University of York scientists say that it is possible to recycle waste material from discarded televisions to make them useful for medical purposes.

The researchers say that they have found a way to recover the chemical compound polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) from television screens, and transform it into a substance which could be suitable for use in tissue scaffolds which help parts of the body regenerate.

They reckon that it could also be used in pills and dressings that are designed to deliver drugs to particular parts of the body.

Professor James Clark, director of the York Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence and one of the author’s of the research, said: “With 2.5 billion liquid crystal displays already reaching the end of their life, and LCD televisions proving hugely popular with consumers, that is a huge amount of potential waste to manage.”

He added: “It is important that we find ways of recycling as many elements of LCDs as possible so we don’t simply have to resort to burying and burning them.”

Describing their technique in an article published the journal Green Chemistry, the researchers have revealed that they heat recovered material in water in a microwave, and then wash it in ethanol to produce “expanded PVA”.

Given that this material does not provoke a response from the human immune system, the researchers say that it may be suitable for use in biomedicine. (ANI)

Pak terms US drone strikes ‘futile’, claims Laden is in Afghanistan

London, July 12 (ANI) : Claiming that no top Al-Qaeda leader is present inside its territory, Pakistan has termed the continuous US drones attacks in its ‘lawless’ tribal areas along the Afghanistan border as ‘futile’.

The Pakistan Prime Minister’s Advisor on Interior Affairs, Rehman Malik, has claimed that neither bin Laden nor any ‘big fish’ of Al-Qaeda were present in Pakistan.

Malik said Laden could not have escaped the Pakistan Army if he happened to be in the country.

“If Osama was in Pakistan, we would know, with all the thousands of troops we have sent into the tribal areas in recent months,” The Times quoted Malik, as saying.

He claimed that bin Laden is hiding in Afghanistan itself.

“According to our information, Osama is in Afghanistan, probably Kunar, as most of the activities against Pakistan are being directed from Kunar,” said Malik.

Malik insisted that the drone strikes were a waste of time, as the Al-Qaeda leadership was in eastern Afghanistan.

“They’re getting mid-level people not big fish. And they are counterproductive because they are killing civilians and turning locals against our government. We try to win people’s hearts, then one drone attack drives them away,” he said.

Malik’s statement came a day after a US Senator asked Islamabad to accept its ‘tacit approval’ of the drone hits.

Senator Carl Levin, told a Congressional hearing that the attacks would not have taken place without the ‘tacit approval’ of the Pakistani leadership, so it was wrong on Islamabad’s part to blame the US for the missile hits.

“For them to look the other way or to give us the green light privately and then to attack us publicly leaves us, it seems to me, at a very severe disadvantage and loss with the Pakistani people,” said Levin.

Officials said that despite Pakistan’s double faced attitude on the issue, the US is working to develop a new strategy to reduce stirring tension between both the countries.

Pakistan has been criticizing the Obama administration for the drone strikes against the insursents in the tribal areas, saying that the attacks are proving ‘counterproductive’ in its war on terror, as they had killed far more civilians than militants.

Official Pakistani sources claimed that since 2006, the drones have killed 700 civilians and only 14 militants. (ANI)