Inovio Pharmaceuticals to Present at Investor Conferences

BLUE BELL, Pa.–(Business Wire)–
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE Amex: INO), a leader in the development of
preventive and therapeutic vaccines against cancers and infectious diseases,
announced today that president and CEO, Dr. J. Joseph Kim will present a
corporate update on its DNA vaccines for influenza, HIV and cancer and its
vaccine delivery technology at the following investor conferences:

Noble Financial Sixth Annual Equity Conference
June 7th, 2010
Hollywood, FL
Presentation: June 7th, 2010, 9:00 a.m. ET
A live and archived webcast will be accessible on Inovio`s website at www.inovio.com.

Ninth Annual Needham Healthcare Conference
June 9 – 10, 2010
New York, NY
Presentation: June 9, 2010, 2:40 p.m. ET

About Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals is focused on the development of a new generation of
vaccines, called DNA vaccines, to prevent and treat cancers and infectious
diseases. The company`s SynCon “universal” vaccines are designed to provide
broad cross-strain protection against known as well as newly emergent strains of
pathogens such as influenza. Inovio`s proprietary electroporation delivery
technology has been shown by initial human data to be safe and significantly
increase gene expression and immune responses. Inovio`s clinical programs
include HPV/cervical cancer (therapeutic), avian flu, and HIV vaccines. Inovio
is developing its universal influenza vaccines in collaboration with scientists
from the University of Pennsylvania, National Microbiology Laboratory of the
Public Health Agency of Canada, and NIH`s Vaccine Research Center. Other
partners and collaborators include Merck, ChronTech, University of Southampton,
National Cancer Institute, and HIV Vaccines Trial Network. More information is
available at www.inovio.com.

This press release contains certain forward-looking statements relating to our
business, including our plans to develop electroporation-based drug and gene
delivery technologies and DNA vaccines and our capital resources. Actual events
or results may differ from the expectations set forth herein as a result of a
number of factors, including uncertainties inherent in pre-clinical studies,
clinical trials and product development programs (including, but not limited to,
the fact that pre-clinical and clinical results referenced in this release may
not be indicative of results achievable in other trials or for other
indications, that results from one study may not necessarily be reflected or
supported by the results of other similar studies and that results from an
animal study may not be indicative of results achievable in human studies), the
availability of funding to support continuing research and studies in an effort
to prove safety and efficacy of electroporation technology as a delivery
mechanism or develop viable DNA vaccines, the adequacy of our capital resources,
the availability or potential availability of alternative therapies or
treatments for the conditions targeted by the company or its collaborators,
including alternatives that may be more efficacious or cost-effective than any
therapy or treatment that the company and its collaborators hope to develop,
evaluation of potential opportunities, issues involving patents and whether they
or licenses to them will provide the company with meaningful protection from
others using the covered technologies, whether such proprietary rights are
enforceable or defensible or infringe or allegedly infringe on rights of others
or can withstand claims of invalidity and whether the company can finance or
devote other significant resources that may be necessary to prosecute, protect
or defend them, the level of corporate expenditures, assessments of the
company`s technology by potential corporate or other partners or collaborators,
capital market conditions, our ability to successfully integrate Inovio and VGX
Pharmaceuticals, the impact of government healthcare proposals and other factors
set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2009, our Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2010, and other
regulatory filings from time to time. There can be no assurance that any product
in Inovio`s pipeline will be successfully developed or manufactured, that final
results of clinical studies will be supportive of regulatory approvals required
to market licensed products, or that any of the forward-looking information
provided herein will be proven accurate.

Investors:
Inovio Pharmaceuticals
Bernie Hertel, 858-410-3101
bhertel@inovio.com
or
Media:
Richardson & Associates
Jeff Richardson, 805-491-8313
jeff@richardsonglobalpr.com

Copyright Business Wire 2010

Southampton Varsity evolves new way to assassinate spam

London, May 11 (ANI): As MailScanner, the world’s most widely-used email security and anti-spam system, celebrated its 10th anniversary on 1st May, its developer has just launched ScamNailer, a programme designed purely to spot phishing attacks.

Julian Field, Systems Administrator at the University of Southampton’s School of Electronics and Computer Science, first developed MailScanner back in 2000 and since then it has been used in 226 countries and has become a world-leading email protection system; supporting more virus scanning engines than any other with over 1.3 million downloads.

Now, backed by one of the largest corporations on the Internet, Julian has launched ScamNailer.

The programme, which can be downloaded free, tackles spear-phishing, a technique used by spammers and scammers to try to get an individual’s username and password, so that they can then send out millions of spam messages from their email address.

ScamNailer has compiled two lists of addresses which are commonly used in phishing attacks and from these it generates a set of SpamAssassin rules that detect the presence of these addresses, which can be used in MailScanner or SpamAssassin to stop the spear-phishing attacks completely.

“The advantage that ScamNailer has over any similar programmes is that its backer has provided access to a list of phishing email addresses and websites much larger than any other available, so when people download the package, they can block these addresses from their own site,” said Julian.

ScamNailer, which can be downloaded free, is attracting an average of three million downloads a month. (ANI)

Scientists to survey huge volcanic flank collapse deposits

Washington, May 6 (ANI): A team of scientists led by Dr Peter Talling of the UK”s National Oceanography Centre (NOC), currently aboard the Royal Research Ship James Cook, has set sail to map extremely large landslide deposits offshore from an active volcano on Montserrat in the Lesser Antilles.

Active since 1995, the volcano has registered major eruptions and largest volcanic dome collapse occurring in February 2010. These eruptions were monitored on land, and marine surveys were conducted on them.

The survey showed that these collapses caused huge landslides into the ocean to the east and south of the island. Some of these landslides involved over five cubic kilometres of material and travelled underwater for tens of kilometres. They were much larger than even the largest of the volcanic dome collapses since 1995 and probably generated tsunamis, whose magnitude is uncertain.

“We plan to produce the first detailed survey of this type of volcanic flank collapse deposit,” said Dr Talling: “For the first time, we will image flank collapse deposits by collecting three-dimensional seismic reflection data, which will show how huge avalanches were emplaced.”

The objective of the study is to learn if these landslides can trigger even larger-scale failure of the underlying seafloor sediment using seismic reflection data. Sonar images show huge blocks over 40 metres high and 400 metres long scattered across the seabed. They also depict streaks of material deposited underwater during the February 2010 eruption.

The inhabitants of Montserrat have been relocated to the north of the island following the evacuation of the area around the volcano.

A successful survey could mean the ability to predict future hazards such as tsunamis that these huge landslides could potentially generate.

The research represents a collaborative project between the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), the University of Southampton”s School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, IFM Geomar in Kiel and the Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP). (ANI)

”Hair of the dog” may help cure hangover, but increase alcohol dependency

Washington, May 6 (ANI): Neuroscientists from the University of Southampton”s School of Biological Sciences claim that the “hair of the dog” may cure a hangover but it can also increase alcohol dependency.

Drinking alcohol over a long period of time profoundly affects the brain, which adapts to the intoxicant and causes withdrawal symptoms when consumption stops.

Now, the study boffins investigated alcohol dependency and withdrawal using tiny 1mm long C. elegans worms. Despite the worm”s evolutionary distance from humans, and very simple brain of just 302 nerve cells, it exhibits similar alcohol-dependent behaviours.

The research showed that withdrawal symptoms could be relieved by small doses of alcohol. However, easing the effects can increase dependency.

In humans, the symptoms are manifested in anxiety, agitation and, in extreme cases, seizures. The worms, as video footage shows, also became overactive in alcohol withdrawal and showed spontaneous and deep body bends – a behaviour rarely seen in ”teetotal” worms.

Professor Lindy Holden-Dye, a neuroscientist of the University”s School of Biological Sciences and member of Southampton Neurosciences Group (SoNG), led the study. She comments: “This research showed the worms displaying effects of the withdrawal of alcohol and enables us to define how alcohol affects signalling in nerve circuits which leads to changes in behaviour.”

The study, published in the journal PLoS ONE, also showed evidence that a particular class of brain-signalling molecule, the neuropeptide, is required for the chronic effect of alcohol on the worm”s nervous system.

Professor Holden-Dye adds: “Neuropeptides are also involved in chronic alcohol effects in humans and this is leading to new ideas for the treatment of alcoholism, but their precise role is unclear. Our study provides a very effective experimental system to tackle this problem.” (ANI)

Bone Stem Cells can be used to mend damaged hips

London, Mar.20 (ANI): Bone stem cells could in future be used instead of bone from donors as part of an innovative new hip replacement treatment, according to scientists at the University of Southampton.

A team from the University’s School of Medicine believe that introducing a patient’s own skeletal stem cells into the hip joint during bone grafting would encourage more successful regrowth and repair.

The grafting technique is used to repair the thigh bone and joint during replacement (known as ”revision”) hip replacement therapy, a procedure in which surgeons introduce donor bone to the damaged area to provide support for the new hip stem.

In this collaborative study between the University of Southampton and The University of Nottingham, researchers will use adult stem cells from bone marrow in combination with an innovative impaction process and polymer scaffolds.

In a two-year study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC), researchers aim to improve the outcomes of this high impact procedure.

“Surgeons currently use bone from donors during bone grafting, so introducing a patient’s own stem cells to create a living cell or material composite would be a totally new approach,” comments Professor Richard Oreffo, an expert in musculoskeletal science at the University of Southampton, who is leading the project.

“This is very much the beginning of a project to investigate the potential for this new technique, but our preliminary work suggests this may have significant therapeutic implications.”

When a hip joint is damaged, part of the thigh bone or femur, including the ball, can be removed and a new, artificial joint fixed to the remaining thigh bone. Revision hip replacement occurs when that artificial joint needs to be changed.

Professor Oreffo will introduce the stem cells to the hip joint using a scaffold, or support structure, which is designed to protect them, and a new impaction process. The polymer scaffolds will be developed by Professors Steve Howdle and Kevin Shakesheff, experts in chemistry and tissue engineering at the University of Nottingham.

Professor Howdle explains: “Building upon strong collaborations with tissue engineering experts, this new grant will allow researchers at Nottingham to take their materials nearer to the clinic.

“This could have great benefits for patients, and also offer a significant cost saving for healthcare authorities; but first we need to verify and build upon our preliminary data.”

“A major part of the work at Nottingham will involve scaling up the supercritical fluid processing apparatus to create larger and more uniform batches of polymer scaffolds for testing.”

Dr Chris Watkins, MRC’s Translation Theme Leader, says: “Resilience, repair and replacement is a priority research area in the MRC’s strategic plan, ‘Research Changes Lives’. This study highlights how a regenerative approach can offer real hope in addressing a significant problem for an ageing population.”

This funding will allow the groups to build on initial studies that show that degradable polymer scaffolds prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide technology can have a dramatic effect on surgical procedures, such as inserting a hip implant in revision hip surgery.

The provisional studies carried out in Southampton show that the polymers can aid bone formation through the creation of a living cell/material composite and aid attachment of the hip implant.

Common cold, stomach infection can hasten memory loss in Alzheimer’s patients

Washington, Sept 8 (ANI): Getting a cold, stomach or other infections can lead to faster memory loss in Alzheimer’s patients, claims a new study.

The study from University of Southampton, UK, has revealed that people who had respiratory, gastrointestinal or other infections or even bumps and bruises from a fall were more likely to have high blood levels of tumour necrosis factor-a, a protein involved in the inflammatory process.

And were also more likely to experience memory loss or other types of cognitive decline than those who did not have infections or had low levels of the protein.

During the study, the researchers examined cognitive abilities of 222 people with Alzheimer’s disease with an average age of 83.

The findings revealed that people who had high levels of the protein in their blood had memory loss at four times.

In addition, those with high levels of the protein at the start of the study also experienced acute infections during the study had memory loss at 10 times the rate of those who started with low levels and had no infections over the six-month period.

“One might guess that people with a more rapid rate of cognitive decline are more susceptible to infections or injury, but we found no evidence to suggest that people with more severe dementia were more likely to have infections or injuries at the beginning of the study,” said study author Dr Clive Holmes, MRCPsych, of the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom.

“More research needs to be done to understand the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the brain, but it’s possible that finding a way to reduce those levels could be beneficial for people with Alzheimer’s disease,” Holmes added.

The study appears in journal Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. (ANI)

5 last-ditch schemes to prevent global warming disaster (Re-Issue)

Washington, September 6 (ANI): A new study by the United Kingdom’s Royal Society has outlined five last-ditch schemes needed to prevent a global warming disaster.

According to National Geographic News, United Kingdom’s Royal Society’s report is the first from a major scientific body devoted to ranking the various proposals for “geoengineering.”

“It is an unpalatable truth that unless we can succeed in greatly reducing (greenhouse gas) emissions, we are headed for a very uncomfortable and challenging climate future,” said study leader John Shepherd, an earth scientist at the University of Southampton in England, in a statement.

Should that future arrive, the society reluctantly recommends seriously considering the following five global-cooling ideas.

Volcanic eruptions can quickly cool the planet by spewing tiny droplets containing sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, where they reflect some of the sun’s rays back into space.

Researchers have proposed fighting global warming with their own “flying volcanoes”-jets or balloons that release similar droplets.

Millions of tons of these droplets would need to be sent into the air every year to cancel out current global warming, at a cost of tens of billions of US dollars, the report estimates.

Even so, the flying volcanoes would be one of the most cost-effective types of geoengineering.

Another idea is the use of computer-controlled ships that could ply the remote seas, pumping out seawater mist, which would encourage low, thick clouds to form. The clouds would reflect sunlight back into space.

It would cost more than a billion dollars to launch a fleet of a few hundred of these ships, according to the new study, a relatively small sum, as geoengineering costs go.

Scientists also propose to put huge mirrors or thin, reflective disks in orbit alongside Earth and block solar rays.

The approaches would be safe, with little in the way of side effects, according to the Royal Society.

The study also determined that since trees pull huge amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the air, planting more forests would be one of the most cost-effective ways of getting the gas out of the air. nother proposal to prevent a global warming disaster is dissolving mountains of rock, which would speed up the natural process of rock weathering, as a way of absorbing CO2.

A big operation for artificial rock weathering would need big mines, and a lot of electricity to chemically split seawater to make an acid that would be sprayed over the rocks. (ANI)

5 last-ditch schemes to prevent global warming disaster

Washington, September 5 (ANI): A new study by the United Kingdom’s Royal Society has outlined five last-ditch schemes needed to prevent a global warming disaster.

According to National Geographic News, United Kingdom’s Royal Society’s report is the first from a major scientific body devoted to ranking the various proposals for “geoengineering.”

“It is an unpalatable truth that unless we can succeed in greatly reducing (greenhouse gas) emissions, we are headed for a very uncomfortable and challenging climate future,” said study leader John Shepherd, an earth scientist at the University of Southampton in England, in a statement.

Should that future arrive, the society reluctantly recommends seriously considering the following five global-cooling ideas.

Volcanic eruptions can quickly cool the planet by spewing tiny droplets containing sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, where they reflect some of the sun’s rays back into space.

Researchers have proposed fighting global warming with their own “flying volcanoes”-jets or balloons that release similar droplets.

Millions of tons of these droplets would need to be sent into the air every year to cancel out current global warming, at a cost of tens of billions of US dollars, the report estimates.

Even so, the flying volcanoes would be one of the most cost-effective types of geoengineering.

Another idea is the use of computer-controlled ships that could ply the remote seas, pumping out seawater mist, which would encourage low, thick clouds to form. The clouds would reflect sunlight back into space.

It would cost more than a billion dollars to launch a fleet of a few hundred of these ships, according to the new study, a relatively small sum, as geoengineering costs go.

Scientists also propose to put huge mirrors or thin, reflective disks in orbit alongside Earth and block solar rays.

The approaches would be safe, with little in the way of side effects, according to the Royal Society.

The study also determined that since trees pull huge amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the air, planting more forests would be one of the most cost-effective ways of getting the gas out of the air.

Another proposal to prevent a global warming disaster is dissolving mountains of rock, which would speed up the natural process of rock weathering, as a way of absorbing CO2.

A big operation for artificial rock weathering would need big mines, and a lot of electricity to chemically split seawater to make an acid that would be sprayed over the rocks. (ANI)

Sea ice formed in the Arctic before it did in Antarctica

Washington, July 16 (ANI): A new study has concluded that significant sea ice formation occurred in the Arctic earlier than previously thought, which suggests that sea ice formed in the Arctic before it did in Antarctica.

“The results are also especially exciting because they suggest that sea ice formed in the Arctic before it did in Antarctica, which goes against scientific expectation,” said scientific team member Dr Richard Pearce of the University of Southampton’s School of Ocean and Earth Science based at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS).

The international collaborative research team, led by Dr Catherine Stickley and Professor Nalan Koc of the University of Tromso and Norwegian Polar Insitute, analyzed oceanic sediment cores collected from the Lomonosov ridge in the central Arctic by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302 (“ACEX”).

Previous analyses of cores drilled in this region revealed ice-rafted debris dating back to the middle Eocene epoch, prompting suggestions that ice appeared in the Arctic about 46 million years ago.

But, records of ice-rafted debris do not differentiate sea ice from glacial (continental) ice, which is important because sea ice influences climate by directly affecting ocean-atmosphere exchanges, whereas land-based ice affects sea level and consequently ocean acidity.

Instead of focusing solely on ice-rafted debris, Stickley and her colleagues also garner information about ancient climate by analyzing fossilized remains of tiny single-celled plants called diatoms in the sediment cores.

Coincident with ice-rafted debris in the cores, the researchers found high abundances of delicately silicified diatoms belong to the genus Synedropsis.

“Weakly silicified diatoms are preserved only under exceptional circumstances, so to find fossilized Synedropsis species so well preserved and in such abundance is truly remarkable,” said team member Richard Pearce of NOCS.

Synedropsis species probably over-wintered within the sea ice and then bloomed there in the spring when there was enough sunlight.

They would have been released into stratified surface waters as the ice melted, rapidly sinking to the sea bottom as aggregates, leaving other diatom species to dominate summer production. And, indeed, these seasonal changes can be discerned in the sediment cores.

The researchers conclude from their analysis, which cover a two-million year period, that episodic sea ice formation in marginal shelf areas of the Arctic started around 47.5 million years ago, about a million years earlier than previous estimates based on ice-raft debris evidence only.

This appears to have been followed half a million years later by the onset of seasonal sea-ice formation in offshore areas of the central Arctic, and about 24 million years before major ice-sheet expansion in the region. (ANI)

Drug trials point the way to understanding aviation and climate change

Southampton (UK), July 14 (ANI): A unique collaboration between the University of Southampton’s Schools of Engineering Sciences and Medicine, which has presented the most comprehensive review of the impact of aviation on climate this century, has been awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal in London.

The paper entitled ‘Systematic review of the impact of emissions from aviation on current and future climate’ is the first major study of its kind in the last decade, since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published its findings on this subject in 1999.

Dr Kenji Takeda, Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering Sciences and lead author of the paper explains: “By using an objective approach to reviewing the effect of aircraft on climate, we hope to provide a good baseline for this active debate. There is a clear need for improving scientific understanding, and it is vital for the aircraft industry to continue to support climate scientists and work towards future solutions for sustainable aviation.”

The Southampton collaboration is unique in the sense that the application of the systematic review methodology for drug appraisals is subject to climate change. The results of the paper show that there is a wide range of predictions for the impact of aviation on climate. These are most dependent on assumptions made about future economic growth. The paper also highlights how dependent we are on the level of scientific understanding and modelling capability, particularly around the non-CO2 effects of aircraft.

Systematic reviews are carried out to identify and synthesise evidence using a transparent and objective approach. They are used extensively by medical researchers for assessing the effectiveness of methods for preventing, treating and managing different diseases, to inform national policy in the UK on their availability across the National Health Service. This is one of the first times this rigorous approach has been applied to the complex issues around climate change. It is hoped that such objective methodology can be more widely applied in this area to help inform and guide the decision-making process that will determine the future of the planet. (ANI)

Ice-free summers in ancient Arctic may help predict future trends

Washington, July 10 (ANI): In a new research, scientists have obtained evidence for ice-free summers with intermittent winter sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous period, which should help predict how the Arctic is likely to respond to future global warming.

The Late Cretaceous, the period between 100 and 65 million years ago leading up to the extinction of the dinosaurs, is crucial in this regard because levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) were high, driving greenhouse conditions.

In this regards, Dr Andrew Davies and Professor Alan Kemp of the University of Southampton’s School of Ocean and Earth Science based at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, along with Dr Jennifer Pike of Cardiff University have presented the first seasonally resolved Cretaceous sedimentary record from the Alpha Ridge of the Arctic Ocean.

The scientists analyzed the remains of diatoms – tiny free-floating plant-like organisms – preserved in late Cretaceous marine sediments.

In modern oceans, diatoms play a dominant role in the ‘biological carbon pump’ by which CO2 is drawn down from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and a proportion of it exported to the deep ocean.

Unfortunately, the role of diatoms in the Cretaceous oceans has until now been unclear, in part because they are often poorly preserved in sediments.

But, the researchers struck lucky.

“With remarkable serendipity, successive US and Canadian expeditions that occupied floating ice islands above the Alpha Ridge of the Arctic Ocean, recovered cores containing shallow buried upper Cretaceous diatom ooze with superbly preserved diatoms,” explained the researchers.

This has allowed them to conduct a detailed study of the diatom fossils using sophisticated electron microscopy techniques.

In the modern ocean, scientists use floating sediment traps to collect and study settling material.

These electron microscope techniques that have been pioneered by Professor Kemp’s group at Southampton have unlocked a ‘palaeo-sediment trap’ to reveal information about Late Cretaceous environmental conditions.

They find that the most informative sediment core samples display a regular alternation of microscopically thin layers composed of two distinctly different diatom assemblages, reflecting seasonal changes.

Their analysis clearly demonstrates that seasonal blooming of diatoms was not related to the upwelling of nutrients, as has been previously suggested.

Rather, production occurred within a stratified water column, indicative of ice-free summers.

According to the researchers, “This Cretaceous production, dominated by diatoms adapted to stratified conditions of the polar summer may also be a pointer to future trends in the modern ocean.”

“With increasing CO2 levels and global warming giving rise to increased ocean stratification, this style of (marine biological) production may become of increasing importance,” they added. (ANI)

Earth’s sea levels may rise 25 meters by 4000 AD despite CO2 freeze (Re-Issue)

London, June 23 (ANI): A new study on the effects of climate change on melting ice sheets has indicated that even if scientists could freeze-frame the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) as it is today, sea levels would still rise by 25 meters by 4000 AD.

According to a report in New Scientist, Eelco Rohling of the UK National Oceanography Centre at the University of Southampton and colleagues conducted the study.

They reconstructed sea level fluctuations over the last 520,000 years and compared this to global climate and carbon dioxide levels data for the same period.

They found a tight coupling between carbon dioxide and sea level rise.

Based on this relationship, the team calculated that if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were fixed at current levels, temperature rises over the next couple of millennia would eventually drive sea levels up by 25 meters.

The team emphasizes that the rise would not happen overnight or even over the next century.

Two studies published last year suggested that there is a limit to how fast the water can rise.

According to one, sea levels could rise by approximately 1.3 meters by 2100. The other set the upper limit at 2 meters. (ANI)

Earth’s sea levels may rise 25 meters by 4000 AD despite CO2 freeze

London, June 22 (ANI): A new study on the effects of climate change on melting ice sheets has indicated that even if scientists could freeze-frame the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) as it is today, sea levels would still rise by 25 meters by 4000 AD.

According to a report in New Scientist, Eelco Rohling of the UK National Oceanography Centre at the University of Southampton and colleagues conducted the study.

They reconstructed sea level fluctuations over the last 520,000 years and compared this to global climate and carbon dioxide levels data for the same period.

They found a tight coupling between carbon dioxide and sea level rise.

Based on this relationship, the team calculated that if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were fixed at current levels, temperature rises over the next couple of millennia would eventually drive sea levels up by 25 meters.

The team emphasizes that the rise would not happen overnight or even over the next century.

Two studies published last year suggested that there is a limit to how fast the water can rise.

According to one, sea levels could rise by approximately 1.3 meters by 2100. The other set the upper limit at 2 meters. (ANI)

Healthy weaning diet is good for babies’ body composition

Washington, May 29 (ANI):Infants weaned on healthy home-cooked food grow up leaner, a new study has shown.

Separately, the study also found an association between longer periods of breastfeeding and low levels of fat mass.

However, the positive effects of a healthy weaning diet were independent of breastfeeding duration.

“Most studies linking infant feeding to later body composition focus on differences in milk feeding, but our study also considered the influence of the weaning diet,” said Dr. Siân Robinson, PhD, of the MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton in the United Kingdom and lead author of the study.

“We found that, independent of the duration of breastfeeding, children with higher quality weaning diets including fruits, vegetables, and home-prepared foods had a greater lean mass at four years of age,” Robinson added.

Robinson and colleagues assessed the diets of 536 children at six and 12 months of age. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire that was administered by trained research nurses to record the average frequency of consumption of specific foods.

The age at which solid foods were introduced into the infant’s diet was also recorded.

In this study ‘weaning’ is defined as the period of transition in infancy between diets based on milk feeding to one based on solid foods.

The subjects’ body composition was assessed at four years by dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Professor Cyrus Cooper, Director of the MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre,” said: These findings are enlightening. An influence of qualitative differences in the weaning diet on childhood body composition had not been described before.”

The study is published in The Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). (ANI)

Abstinence key to survive alcohol-related liver disease

Washington, Apr 21 (ANI): Researchers have confirmed what many people already knew: abstinence is the only way to survive severe alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver.

Alcohol-related cirrhosis develops silently but usually presents with an episode of internal bleeding or jaundice – which is often fatal.

The study, led by Dr Nick Sheron, senior lecturer at the University of Southampton and consultant hepatologist at Southampton General Hospital, found that abstinence from alcohol is the key factor in long-term prognosis, even with relatively severe alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver.

While analysing liver biopsies from 100 patients, the team found that drinking status was the most important factor determining long-term survival.

Abstinence from alcohol at one month after diagnosis of cirrhosis was the more important factor determining survival with a seven-year survival of 72 per cent for the abstinent patients against 44 per cent for the patients continuing to drink.

“These findings illustrate the critical significance of stopping alcohol intake, in alcohol-related cirrhosis but unfortunately the services needed to help these patients stay alcohol free simply do not exist in many parts of the UK,” said Sheron.

“This study clearly confirms the common sense knowledge amongst hepatologists that the single most important determinant of long-term prognosis in alcohol-induced cirrhosis is for the patient to stop drinking.

“If we are to reduce liver mortality it would seem important to encourage and support patients to stop drinking, and to address the public health aspects of alcohol-related liver disease,” he added.

The study appears in this month’s Addiction journal. (ANI)

Ancient Jews used human skulls in ceremonies despite ban

Jerusalem, April 14 (ANI): New archaeological evidence has emerged which suggests that ancient Jews used human skulls in ceremonies, despite a strict prohibition on touching human remains.

According to a report in Haaretz News, British researcher Dan Levene from the University of Southampton published findings in Biblical Archaeological Review about the human skulls, known as incantation bowls, some of which bear inscriptions in Aramaic.

The skulls were unearthed in present-day Iraq (formerly Babylonia) and are believed to have been used during the Talmudic era. At least one of them appears to be that of an anonymous woman.

“When I presented these findings in Israel, people told me, ‘It is not possible that this is Jewish’,” said Levene. “But, it is certainly Jewish,” he added.

Levene added that, despite going against conventional wisdom, the talisman was likely used by someone desperate, and that there have been past cases of skulls being used to ward off increased ghosts or demons.

“The fact remains that belief in demons was widespread at this time among Jews as well as other peoples,” said Levene. “Incantation bowls are known not only from Jewish communities but from other communities as well,” he added.

To combat demons, people invoked numerous magic rites and formulas during that period. (ANI)

Ears’ in-built passwords may help curb call-centre, banking frauds

London, April 14 (ANI): Human ears have a quality that may one day help boost the security of call-centre and telephone-banking transactions, and reduce the need for people to remember numerous identification codes.

Stephen Beeby, an engineer at the University of Southampton in the UK, points out that the ear not only senses sound but also makes noises of its own, albeit at a level only detectable by supersensitive microphones.

Should such noises prove unique to each individual, he believes, they may act as natural passwords to improve security against fraudulent activities.

He surmises that noises unique to individuals could even help render stolen cellular phones useless, by programming the sets to disable themselves if they detect that the user of the phone is not the legitimate owner.

Calling the ear-generated sounds otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), the researcher revealed that they emanate from within the spiral-shaped cochlea in the inner ear.

Beeby says that such sounds are thought to be produced by the motion of hair cells within the outer part of the cochlea.

OAEs can be provoked when a series of clicks is played into the ear. Click tests are already used to check newborn babies’ ears for signs of hearing difficulties, since the OAEs are weaker if the inner ear is defective.

“Anecdotally, audiologists say they can tell different people apart – men, women, even people of different ethnic origins – by the profile of the widely varying types of emissions the clicks evoke,” New Scientists magazine quoted him as saying.

With financial aid coming from the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Beeby and his colleagues are trying to determine whether OAE patterns can be used in biometry, like iris scans or fingerprints.

“In the controlled conditions of a lab, everybody’s emissions are indeed different, but whether this is a practical way of telling people apart as a real-world biometric still needs a lot of work,” he says.

The researcher, however, admits that a lot of work needs to be done before it could finally be answered whether this is a practical way of telling people apart as a real world biometric. (ANI)

Satellite collision more destructive than China’s missile test in 2007

London, Feb 14 (ANI): A leading space scientist has said that the collision between two satellites on February 10, which created a lot of debris in space, expended a great deal more destructive energy than China’s infamous anti-satellite missile test did in January 2007.

The collision happened between an Iridium communications satellite and the defunct Soviet-era Cosmos 2251 spacecraft.

In 2003, space debris expert Hugh Lewis and colleagues at the University of Southampton in the UK ran predictions on the debris field that would be created in a hypothetical Iridium satellite break-up owing to a collision with just 1 kilogram of space junk.

Now, according to a report in New Scientist, he has fed Cosmos 2251′s orbital data, mass and velocity into that computer model.

To be completely obliterated, a spacecraft must be hit with an energy of 40 joules for every gram of its mass.

In China’s anti-satellite (ASAT) test, a defunct weather satellite called Fengyun-1C was destroyed by a missile that imparted an estimated 350 joules per gram of its mass.

But, the Iridium and Cosmos satellites collided at 42,120 kilometers per hour, Lewis calculates, imparting 50,000 joules per gram of their mass.

The resulting “unprecedented” debris field, according to Lewis, is still being analyzed by space agencies.

But, he expects it to create an extra 10,000 tennis-ball-sized debris shards – more than triple the number created in the ASAT test.

“There was more energy here than in the Chinese ASAT test so we’ll see more debris,” Lewis said.

According to Nicholas Johnson, chief scientist for orbital debris at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, the exact amount of debris generated in the collision depends on the geometry of the smashup, which is not yet known.

“If they collided main body to main body, that would create the maximum amount of debris,” Johnson told New Scientist. “It is possible that one satellite hit an appendage of the other or only a small portion of the other,” he added.

Worryingly, the new debris will raise the collision risk for other Iridium satellites.

That’s because the 65 remaining satellites in the Iridium network move in circular orbits that cross each other at the Earth’s poles.

“The debris cloud that is forming will create a torus (doughnut) of high-density debris that Iridium satellites will now need to pass through,” warned Richard Crowther of the British National Space Centre. (ANI)

Scientists bring 2000-year-old statue of Amazon warrior to virtual life

Washington, Jan 13 (ANI): A team of scientists in the UK is digitally restoring a 2000-year-old painted statue of an Amazon warrior to her original glory.

The scientists are from WMG Solutions at the University of Warwick, the University of Southampton, and the Herculaneum Conservation Project.

The Roman statue was discovered by the Herculaneum Conservation Project in the ancient ruins of Herculaneum, a town preserved in the same eruption that buried nearby Pompeii in AD 79.

It is thought to represent a wounded Amazon warrior, complete with painted hair and eyes preserved by the ash that buried the town.

Researchers from WMG at the University of Warwick, Southampton and Herculaneum are now scanning, modelling and digitally recreating the Amazon statue.
Dr Mark Williams, a leader in laser measurement at WMG, took his team and equipment to the site.

“The statue is an incredible find. Although its age alone makes it valuable, it is unique because it has retained the original painted surface, preserved under the volcanic material that buried Herculaneum,” he said.

Dr Williams used state-of-the-art equipment to accurately measure (within 0.05 of a millimetre) every surface of the bust and translated that information into a computer model.

Dr Greg Gibbons, also of WMG, then used rapid prototyping to create a physical 3D model of the head revealing the smallest detail.

Further recording was carried out on site by experts in archaeological computing from Southampton, led by Dr Graeme Earl.

They used a novel form of photography which provided an extremely detailed record of the texture and colour of the painted surfaces.

The Southampton team is now digitally re-modelling and re-painting the sculpture. They are using techniques derived from the film industry to recreate the original carved and painted surfaces.

In the final step, Professor Alan Chalmers, head of WMG’s visualization team and an expert in ultra-realistic graphics, will apply techniques to the computer model to exactly reproduce the lighting and environmental conditions under which the painted statue would have originally been created and displayed.

This visualization will provide archaeologists with an otherwise impossible view of how the original statue may have looked in context, and allow them to experiment with alternative hypotheses.

According to Professor Chalmers, “Our work will be used both for educational and research purposes to give people new insights into the statue’s design, to provide a record for conservators, and to explore how it may have been appreciated over 2000 years ago.” (ANI)