Shorter mums have unhealthier children in developing countries

Washington, Apr 21 (ANI): Shorter maternal height is associated with more deaths among children in developing countries, say researchers.

According to a new study from the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), mothers shorter than 4 feet, 9 inches in low- to middle-income countries had about a 40 percent higher risk of their children dying within the first five years of life than mothers who were 5 feet, 3 inches or taller.

The risk was higher—almost 60 percent—in the first 30 days after birth.

The study appears in the April 21, 2010 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

“Height is a useful and stable marker of cumulative health,” said S.V. Subramanian, senior author of the paper and associate professor in the department of society, human development, and health at HSPH. “It is an indicator of the nutritional environment a person was exposed to during childhood, which shapes both the mother”s attained height and subsequent health as well as her offspring”s chances of survival or ability to grow in infancy and childhood.”

Subramanian and his co-authors, Emre Özaltin, a doctoral candidate in the department of global health and population at HSPH and lead author of the study, and Kenneth Hill, professor of the practice of global health at HSPH, analyzed health surveys from 54 low- to middle-income countries that included more than 2.6 million children and more than 750,000 mothers.

The researchers also found that a 1-centimeter—less than 0.4 inch— increase in height reduced the risk of child mortality by 1.2 percent. The same increase in height reduced the risk of underweight and growth failure by more than 3 percent.

“Health needs to be viewed not only as a phenomenon that spans one”s life, but one that also has a multigenerational aspect,” said Özaltin. “We believe that interventions to reduce child mortality and growth failure have not recognized the intergenerational transmission of poor health,” added Subramanian. (ANI)

Hunting for underweight Easter eggs

The Queensland Government is investigating three chocolate manufacturers for underweight Easter eggs.

The Office of Fair Trading says it tested 150 chocolates this month to make sure they were the correct weight and volume.

Fair Trading Minister Peter Lawlor says the maximum penalty for “short measuring” is $20,000 for an individual business and $100,000 for a corporation.

Good news

Meanwhile, some good news heading into Easter.

A new study has found that chocolate reduces blood pressure and the risk of heart disease.

Researchers in Germany followed almost 20,000 people for ten years.

They found those who ate the most chocolate had lower blood pressure and that dark chocolate had the most health benefits.

Underweight and extremely obese people die earlier that those of normal weight

Washington, June 24 (ANI): An international study conducted by Canadian and American researchers suggests that underweight and extremely obese people die earlier than those having normal weight.

The same study, however, also shows that overweight people actually live longer than those having normal weight.

“It’s not surprising that extreme underweight and extreme obesity increase the risk of dying, but it is surprising that carrying a little extra weight may give people a longevity advantage,” said Dr. David Feeny, co-author of the study and senior investigator for the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research.

“It may be that a few extra pounds actually protect older people as their health declines, but that doesn’t mean that people in the normal weight range should try to put on a few pounds.

Our study only looked at mortality, not at quality of life, and there are many negative health consequences associated with obesity, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes,” said Mark Kaplan, co-author and Professor of Community Health at Portland State University.

Dr. Keith Bachman, a weight management specialist with Kaiser Permanente’s Care Management Institute, added: “Good health is more than a BMI or a number on a scale. We know that people who choose a healthy lifestyle enjoy better health: good food choices, being physically active everyday, managing stress, and keeping blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels in check.”

The study examined the relationship between body mass index and death among 11,326 adults in Canada over a 12-year period.

The researchers observed that underweight people had the highest risk of dying, and the extremely obese had the second highest risk.

According to them, overweight people had a lower risk of dying than those of normal weight.

The researcher claim that theirs is the first large Canadian study to show that people who are overweight may actually live longer than those of normal weight.

For the study, the researchers used data from the National Population Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada every two years.

They say that during the study period, from 1994/1995 through 2006/2007, underweight people were 70 percent more likely than people of normal weight to die, and extremely obese people were 36 percent more likely to die.

However, overweight people were 17 percent less likely to die. The relative risk for obese people was nearly the same as for people of normal weight.

The findings have been reported in the online edition of the journal Obesity. (ANI)

Underweight and extremely obese people die earlier that those of normal weight

Washington, June 24 (ANI): An international study conducted by Canadian and American researchers suggests that underweight and extremely obese people die earlier than those having normal weight.

The same study, however, also shows that overweight people actually live longer than those having normal weight.

“It’s not surprising that extreme underweight and extreme obesity increase the risk of dying, but it is surprising that carrying a little extra weight may give people a longevity advantage,” said Dr. David Feeny, co-author of the study and senior investigator for the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research.

“It may be that a few extra pounds actually protect older people as their health declines, but that doesn’t mean that people in the normal weight range should try to put on a few pounds.

Our study only looked at mortality, not at quality of life, and there are many negative health consequences associated with obesity, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes,” said Mark Kaplan, co-author and Professor of Community Health at Portland State University.

Dr. Keith Bachman, a weight management specialist with Kaiser Permanente’s Care Management Institute, added: “Good health is more than a BMI or a number on a scale. We know that people who choose a healthy lifestyle enjoy better health: good food choices, being physically active everyday, managing stress, and keeping blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels in check.”

The study examined the relationship between body mass index and death among 11,326 adults in Canada over a 12-year period.

The researchers observed that underweight people had the highest risk of dying, and the extremely obese had the second highest risk.

According to them, overweight people had a lower risk of dying than those of normal weight.

The researcher claim that theirs is the first large Canadian study to show that people who are overweight may actually live longer than those of normal weight.

For the study, the researchers used data from the National Population Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada every two years.

They say that during the study period, from 1994/1995 through 2006/2007, underweight people were 70 percent more likely than people of normal weight to die, and extremely obese people were 36 percent more likely to die.

However, overweight people were 17 percent less likely to die. The relative risk for obese people was nearly the same as for people of normal weight.

The findings have been reported in the online edition of the journal Obesity. (ANI)

Rapid weight loss in old age could raise dementia risk

Washington, May 19 (ANI): Older people who are thinner or are losing pounds quickly are at an increased risk of developing dementia, especially if they started out overweight or obese, according to a new study.

The research is published in the May 19, 2009, print issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

To reach the conclusion, researchers followed for eight years 1,836 Japanese Americans in Washington state with an average age of 72. During that time, 129 people developed dementia.

The research found that people with lower body mass index (BMI) scores at the beginning of the study were 79 percent more likely to develop dementia than those with higher BMI scores.

In addition, those who lost weight over the study period at a faster rate were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia than those who lost weight more slowly over time. This result was more pronounced in those who were overweight or obese to start; those with a BMI of 23 or higher had an 82-percent reduced risk of developing the disease compared to those who were normal or underweight.

The results were the same after testing for other health risk factors such as smoking, exercise and gender.

“Our finding suggests that losing weight quickly in older age may be an early sign of dementia,” said study author Tiffany Hughes, PhD, MPH, who is with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine but conducted the research while she was a doctoral student at the University of South Florida.

“This doesn’t mean that being obese or overweight is healthy for the mind or body, but losing weight may be a sign of emerging brain disease,” the research added. (ANI)

Diet, exercise, weight maintenance are key to cut cancer risk

London, May 12 (ANI): A healthy diet, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight are the three best ways to ensure a reduced risk of cancer, according to recommendations by the World Cancer Research Fund.

Looking at the evidence on the links between diet and physical activity and cancer, an independent international panel of experts and researchers took five years to sift through 500,000 studies, and to analyse the 7,000 most relevant, to come up with 10 recommendations to best reduce a person’s risk of cancer.

And their main finding was that eating a healthy diet, being regularly physically active, and maintaining a healthy weight were the three best strategies.

The panel suggests that a healthy diet is based around fibre-rich plant foods with only modest amounts of alcohol, salt and red meat, and little if any processed meat, reports the Scotsman.

While the evidence suggests that fruits and veggies probably reduce risk of cancer, one needs to eat a wide variety to get as many different nutrients as possible.

The panel recommends that one should not take dietary supplements.

According to estimates, just eating healthily, exercising and maintaining a healthy body weight could prevent almost one-third of the most common cancers, and if followed these recommendations could also help reduce risk of other diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes.

The panel has also recommended avoiding sugary drinks and limiting consumption of foods that are energy dense, i.e., they have a lot of calories for their weight.

Limiting calories is important for cancer prevention because one of the report’s main messages is the evidence that being overweight increases risk of cancer is stronger now than ever before.

Thus, it is recommended that people should aim to be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.

And another way to maintain a healthy weight is to make sure that one is physically active, because it helps keeping you trim, and can also reduce your risk of cancer in its own right.

In their recommendations, experts have asked people to be active at a moderate level or more for at least half an hour a day.

However, being active doesn’t necessarily mean working out in the gym, but can even include things like brisk walking, cycling and even housework.

Also, the entire workout for the day should not be done in one go, which means that if you are walking ten minutes to the shops, that counts towards your total.

Incorporating activity into your existing daily routine is in fact the best way of sticking to it in the long term. (ANI)

Healthy people on the verge of becoming overweight at higher risk of bowel cancer

London, May 11 (ANI): A study suggests that healthy people who are on the verge of becoming overweight may be at an increased risk of developing bowel cancer.

It has found that such people are about 15 per cent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those at the lower end of the range.

Professor Martin Wiseman, a medical and scientific adviser for the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), says that it is possible to prevent about 18,600 cancer cases if people had a body mass index (BMI) under 25.

A BMI of 25 to 30 is classed as overweight and over 30 is obese.

The WCRF recommends that people aim to be as lean as possible without becoming underweight to avoid the cancers of the breast, bowel, oesophagus, kidney, pancreas, womb, and gallbladder.

Wiseman says that that means that people should aim to be closer to a BMI of 18 than 25, even within the healthy weight range.

“The evidence that being overweight puts you at increased risk of cancer is stronger now than ever before and we now say that, after not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight is the most important thing you can do for cancer prevention,” the Telegraph quoted him as saying.

“This is the reason we recommend people aim to be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.

“But a recent survey showed almost 40 per cent of people still do not know that excess body fat is a cause of cancer. This means we need to do more work to spread the message that maintaining a healthy weight is something positive people can to reduce their risk of developing cancer later in life,” he added.

Health experts are of the opinion that people one in three cases of the most common cancers could be avoided if people ate healthily, took more exercise, and maintained a healthy weight. (ANI)

Jacko ‘too thin’ for O2 residency, say docs

London, May 6 (ANI): Michael Jackson is “too thin” and should gain weight before his mammoth O2 residency, according to medics.

Doctors say that the erstwhile King of Pop is 20lb underweight, and urgently needs to pile on the pounds before he ventures on to the 50 live shows, from July 8 to February 24.

The 50-year-old singer is also undergoing antibiotic treatment for a skin infection, still under pain from an old back injury and also wearing a mask to avoid picking up bugs.

While promoters AEG Live had claimed that Michael is “extremely fit” and looking forward to his shows, there are concerns that he may not be able to keep up with the gruelling dance routines.

“There are concerns Michael is too frail. He has been ordered to eat more but he refuses to and eats like a bird,” the Sun quoted a source as saying. (ANI)

Brit mums misled to overfeed babies: Experts

London, May 4 (ANI): Large number of Brit babies might be at a risk of turning obese because their mums have been told to fatten them up the wrong way, say experts.

According to experts, National Health Service (NHS) growth charts gave misleading information about how much milk a breastfeeding mother should give a child.

The guidelines urged women to fatten up babies if they appear underweight, which means that some babies are now twice the average weight by their first birthday.

The tables were based on the rate of growth of mainly formula-fed tots, who tend to put on the pounds faster than breastfed infants and also have a higher risk of developing obesity.

However, now the charts have been scrapped and replaced.

And the new charts, which are out this month, draw guidelines based instead on the rate of growth of breastfed babies.

“With the previous charts a breastfed baby could be growing perfectly normally but would appear to the health visitor not to be growing as fast as the charts recommended, so there might have been pressure to wean early,” The Mirror quoted The Institute of Child Health’s Professor Tim Cole, who helped adapt the tables, as saying.

He added: “We have this severe cultural problem, which is that babies are expected to grow fast. The way breastfed babies grow will now become the norm.

“Thin babies will not appear to be so thin and fat babies will appear to be more fat.”

Research by Bristol and Cambridge universities revealed that rapid weight gain in the first nine months of a baby girl’s life increases her chances of being overweight in later childhood.

And the Child Growth Foundation, which campaigned for the new charts, said breastfed babies are 1lb lighter on average than infants only fed on formula milk.

“When babies are being overfed, this will become more noticeable,” said chair Tam Fry.

Figures revealed that only 25 per cent of mums continue to breastfeed at six weeks, which dropped to only five per cent at six months.

Less than one per cent women follow official advice to breastfeed and avoid formula milk for the first six months of a baby’s life.

A Department of Health spokeswoman said: “The new charts will not only provide more accurate data, but will also help professionals and parents to identify early signs of overweight or obesity and provide support.” (ANI)

Why women store fat more efficiently than men

Melbourne, Apr 7 (ANI): Oestrogen, the female sex hormone, reduces a woman’s ability to burn fat after having a meal, say researchers.

The finding, by Sydney endocrinologist Associate Professor Tony O’Sullivan, of the University of NSW and St George Hospital, Sydney, may help explain why ladies store fat more efficiently than men.

The study has been published in the journal, Obesity Reviews.

To reach the conclusion, the researchers pooled together research by himself and others to explain why women have on average 6 to 11percent more body fat than men, despite males generally eating more.

The hypothesis suggests a fat-storing mechanism kicks in during puberty and early pregnancy for biological reasons. During times of scarce food, extra kilograms may mean survival.

Tony said that body fat is also linked to fertility as ovulation can stop if underweight.

“Female puberty and early pregnancy – times of increased oestrogen – could be seen as states of efficient fat storage in preparation for fertility, foetal development and lactation,” ABC Online quoted him, as saying.

“There’s strong preliminary evidence, but further research is needed.

“The hypothesis stems from the fact women have a higher percentage of body fat than men, yet when you look at dietary intake, women don’t eat more fat and calories than men, they normally eat less.

“It suggests when puberty occurs women change the way they metabolise fat, storing more fat from their diet instead of burning it up,” the researcher added.

Research supporting the notion shows that in the first 12 to 15 weeks of pregnancy women put on an average 2 to 3 kilograms of fat despite not eating more or exercising less. (ANI)

Foreign owners in Sensex pack down 16%

The sharp downturn in the capital market during calendar year 2008 has resulted in the foreign ownership of Sensex companies declining to 16% by the end of December 2008 from 18% recorded during the first quarter of 2008. While foreign institutional investors (FII) chose to reduce their exposure significantly in companies like ACC, Grasim, Hindalco, Ranbaxy, LandT, and Reliance Communication, they have almost maintained or increased their ownership in stocks like HDFC Bank, ITC, Infosys, TCS and Wipro.

However, the financial year 2009 is expected to see some shift in FII preference with banking sector stocks emerging as their favorite while IT sectors falling out.

In its India market strategy for the financial year 2009-10, UBS has turned underweight on consumer staples, IT services and oil and gas while maintaining overweight on the auto, banking and metal sector stocks.

Even as the FIIs have been the major sellers in the domestic market throughout 2008 and first quarter of 2009, with their total net equity sales registering Rs 6,140.3 crore till date in the current calendar year, a UBS report points to the recent data, which indicate that FII sales are slowing down and based on the improvement in the global sentiment, FII flows could turn positive in the coming weeks. As such, UBS has maintained a bullish stance on the Indian market and has given a Sensex target of 13,500 by March 2010.

But the IT sector stocks, which have witnessed no major changes in the FII ownership in the year 2008, might see some pressure from foreign investors during 2009 as they are not expecting an imminent recovery in the US economy.

“We are underweight on IT services, as we believe IT budgets in 2009 will decline from the low single digit up to 20%. We forecasts a revenue decline of 5- 7% year on year (YoY) in dollar terms in FY10 for top tier IT companies while the tier – 2 IT companies will see a much steeper revenue declines”, the UBS report states.

However, recent measures like a cut in the key interest rate by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and expectation of a recovery in the global commodity prices has resulted in a revival of sentiments towards auto, banking and metal sectors. Experts said that most of the concerns on the banking sector like banks non-performing loans (NPLs), a slowdown in the loan growth, among others, have been largely priced in at the moment and a economic recovery will likely lead to reversal in sentiments by the second half of 2009.

Being thin is what ages us most

London, Mar 31 (ANI): For women who think being slim makes you look younger, a new study has found that people over 40 look younger if they have fatter face.

During the study, the researchers compared 186 pairs of identical twins, and found shedding pounds could age a woman by an average of four years.

Lead researcher Dr Bahaman Guyuron says: “The perceived age of an individual is usually attributed to both genetics and environment in various degrees.”

Since the twins’ genetic make-up was identical, the differences in how old they looked could be attributed solely to external factors and lifestyle.

To reach that conclusion, researchers calculated the body mass index (BMI) of each twin

An ideal BMI for an adult is between 18.5 and 25. Anyone with a BMI lower than 18.5 is classed as underweight.

“A BMI higher by four points was found to result in a younger appearance of between two to four years in women over 40 years old,” the Telegraph quoted Guyuron as saying.

”The more fat that is preserved in the face, particularly the cheeks, the more you will preserve the facial proportions of youth,” said Rajiv Grover, Consultant Plastic Surgeon and Secretary of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.

“Excessive dieting will give a woman a gaunt appearance by leading to volume loss in the midface [cheeks].

“This volume loss can be compounded by yo-yo dieting, where not only do you create volume loss, but also stretching of the facial supporting ligaments due to repeated facial volume gain and volume loss, which causes deeper nose to mouth lines and jowls,” he added.

Other factors that had an effect on ageing were divorce, smoking, drinking, and sunbathing. (ANI)

Infant weight gain can predict later obesity

Washington, Mar 30 (ANI): Rapid changes in weight during infancy increase children’s risk of later obesity, says a new study.

According to a new study led by researchers in the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention at Harvard Medical School and Harvard ilgrim Health Care, as well as Children’s Hospital Boston, rapid weight gain during the first six months of life may place a child at risk for obesity by age 3.

“There is increasing evidence that rapid changes in weight during infancy increase children’s risk of later obesity,” says lead author Elsie Taveras, assistant professor in the HMS Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention and co-director of the One Step Ahead clinic, a pediatric overweight prevention program at Children’s Hospital Boston.

“The mounting evidence suggests that infancy may be a critical period during which to prevent childhood obesity and its related consequences,” the expert added.

The study has been published in the April edition of the journal Pediatrics.

To reach the conclusion, researchers examined how weight and body length, or weight-for-length, in infancy can influence later obesity.

The team mined self-reported data from Project Viva, an ongoing study led by Matthew Gillman, senior author on the paper, of more than 2,000 pregnant women and their children. They isolated a subgroup of 559 mother/child pairs and studied patterns of weight gain in infancy and their subsequent three-year effect.

In addition to looking at static weight and length measures, the team also looked at weight gain as a dynamic process, measuring not only how much but how quickly an infant gained weight.

The connection between rapid infant weight gain and later obesity was striking, even after adjusting for factors such as premature babies or those underweight at birth. (ANI)

Hostile men more likely to become obese

Beijing, Mar 2 (ANI): Hostile men are more likely to become obese than their less-hostile peers, according to a new study.

In the study, Dr. Hermann Nabi of Hopital Paul Brousse in Villejuif, France and his colleagues found that the more hostile a man’s personality, the more his body mass index (BMI) increased over the following two decades, reports www.chinaview.cn.

BMI is the ratio of height to weight, used to determine if someone is within a normal weight range or is underweight, overweight or obese.

For the study, the researchers looked at data on 6,484 men and women participating in a UK study of socio-economic status and health.

Study participants ranged in age from 35 to 55 at the study’s outset. They completed a standard scale measuring hostility at the beginning of the study, while their BMI was determined at four points over 19 years.

Initially results showed that both men and women with higher hostility levels also had higher BMIs. BMIs rose over time.

The researchers found that while the relationship between BMI and hostility remained constant for women, hostility seemed to accelerate weight gain over time in the men. (ANI)

Being fat ‘as deadly as being a smoker’

London, Feb 25 (ANI): Obese teenagers run the same risk of premature death in adulthood as people who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day, according to a new study.

The British Medical Journal study also found that people who are overweight have the same risk as less heavy smokers.

To reach the conclusion, Dr Martin Neovius at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, analysed the cause of death of over 45,000 men who underwent mandatory military conscription tests in Sweden.

All participants had their body mass index (BMI) measured and reported their smoking status at the age of 18 and were tracked down for an average of 38 years.

Overall, the researchers assessed 1.7 million person-years of follow-up in relation to the health and mortality of all the participants.

During the follow-up period 2,897 subjects died, the incidence of death was lowest for people with normal weight and highest in obese subjects.

When matched to normal weight adolescents, being overweight at 18 raised the risk of premature death by just over a third, while being obese more than doubled the risk, the study found.

Being underweight carried no increased risk, irrespective of smoking status. However, being seriously underweight (a body mass index of less than 17) carried the same risk of premature death as being overweight.

Early death was also linked to the number of cigarettes participants smoked per day. The risk gradually increased the more participants smoked, with heavy smokers at more than double the risk of premature death compared to non-smokers.

But, interestingly, when the effects of weight and smoking were combined, the researchers found no significant change in the results.(ANI)