Assam, Meghalaya CMs meet on border dispute

Guwahati, June 5 — The chief ministers of Assam and Meghalaya meet in Guwahati on Saturday evening to find ways to resolve the long-pending boundary dispute between the two states. The boundary dispute has often led to clashes, the latest one in the Langpih area on May 14 that claimed four lives. The place, claimed by both states, is 60 km west of this city. “We want a solution to the border problem once and for all. We have accordingly decided to form a committee to be jointly headed by the chief secretary of both states,” said Assam CM Tarun Gogoi after the meeting. The modalities to solve the border dispute would be framed within the next 45 days, he added. Meghalaya CM Mukul Sangma labelled the meeting was a fruitful one. “Both states agreed against new settlement in the disputed areas till a solution is reached,” he said.

Other than Langpih, there are 11 disputed areas along the Assam-Meghalaya border.

Cultural festival to promote harmony between Assam and Nagaland

Jorhat (Assam), May 13 (ANI): Keen to promote friendship and harmony between Assam and Nagaland, people from the two states assembled in Assam”s Jorhat District to celebrate a cultural festival.

The two-day festival began on Tuesday and concluded on Wednesday. It was celebrated with a procession at Deberapara village.
“We have organised the programme for strengthening the brotherhood and integration between people of Assam and Nagaland,” said Gautam Gogoi, a member of the organising committee.

The two states have a long-standing border dispute, which often results in many clashes.

“We always want to bring the peace between the people living nearby Nagaland border as well as the people of Nagaland,” said Deepak Tanti, Vice President of All Assam Tea Tribe Students” Union (AATTSU), Jorhat unit.

The procession went across the Naga foothills, and also covered many villages in Assam over a distance of six to seven kilometers.

After the procession, tribal dances of Nagaland, Assam”s Bihu dance and Jhumur dances, as well as many dances by the Mising and Deuri tribes, were performed.

The cultural festival was organized by Deberapara Bihu Committee, the All Assam Tea Tribe Students” Union (AATTSU) and the Deberapara Police Outpost.

The dispute between Assam and Nagaland is said to be the most prominent.

Both states have accused each other of illegally occupying each other”s territories. Assam claims that Nagaland has annexed more than 50,000 hectares of its territory. (ANI)

Four charged over Qld, SA drug ring

Police say they have cracked a significant drug trafficking network spanning at least two states.

They say cannabis was being grown in South Australia and sent in regular shipments to Queensland.

Large cash payments returned by mail.

Raids of six properties in the past day have netted more than 15 kilograms of cannabis, more than $170,000 in cash, firearms and ammunition.

Four people in SA are facing various charges.

Inspector Craig Wall from the Drug Investigation Branch says all are known to each other.

“At this stage we haven’t seen any links to any bikie gang or anything like that but further investigations are continuing,” he said.

Government of India to spend 6500 million on strengthening statistics

New Delhi, Mar 22 (ANI): The Union Government on Monday approved a new centrally sponsored scheme –“India Statistical Strengthening Project(ISSP)” to strengthen the capacity and operations of the Indian Statistical Systems.

The scheme was formulated by the Union Statistics and Programme Implementation Ministry.

The Centre approved a total estimated cost of Rs. 6504.3 million under the scheme.

The Project would be funded through 80 percent World Bank loan and 20 percent of the project would be borne by the Centre.

The funds will be made available to the participating States or Union Territory in a phased manner.

Till date, twenty two States and Union Territories have communicated their decision to participate in the project and, it is expected that, in due course, the remaining States and Union Territories would also be participating in the ISSP.

The objective of the ISSP is to strengthen the capacity and operations of the Indian Statistical Systems of the participating States and Union Territories and substantially improve the coverage, timeliness and quality of official statistics generated by them.

This will help both in improved compilation of national level socio-economic statistics and indicators based thereon and in improving the execution of State-level planning and policy formulation tasks.(ANI)

Liberals yet to grasp Labor’s loosened power grip

If the opinion polls are accurate, then there could be two states of confusion around midnight Saturday.

There is a real chance that both state elections – South Australia and Tasmania – could produce hung parliaments; in other words with neither of the major parties having enough seats to govern in their own right.

That in itself would be a poor result for the Labor brand, given that they now govern in both states. It would continue a trend away from Labor at recent state elections.

In those circumstances, undoubtedly the analysis will be that both Labor’s grip on power around the country is in decline, and that the Liberal and National parties are in resurgence.

But that is only half true, otherwise the state parliaments would be headed for outright Liberal victories rather than the likely twilight zone of minority governments.

It seems as if the electorate in many places is ready to throw out Labor governments, but the conservative parties clearly haven’t yet done enough to demand government in their own right. They by and large have failed to provide the credible and trusted alternative required of new governments.

That is essentially what happened last year in Queensland.

After four straight wins, Labor under Anna Bligh was suddenly vulnerable. But the electorate never did warm to the alternative under Lawrence Springborg, and so the Liberal Nationals fell short.

Similarly in NSW, the Labor Government has been on the nose for years, universally judged as the worst in the country. Yet still under Kristina Keneally, they have just a sniff of mounting a remarkable comeback. If the opposition under Barry O’Farrell was more appealing, then victory would be assured, no matter what.

In Victoria, the Brumby Government leads comfortably in the polls. But it doesn’t deserve to. The new ticketing system for public transport is a hugely expensive farce, replacing a system that has irritated commuters for years. On top of that, the Planning Minister, Justin Madden, should be in real trouble over a leaked government strategy document, written by his former press secretary, Peta Duke.

It said that the Government planned to release a report on the Windsor Hotel redevelopment for comment, and then use the reaction to reject the proposal. The memo was sent by mistake to an ABC journalist.

The Minister has so far deflected the issue by insisting his staffer was freelancing. But it defies logic to argue that a staff member would either devise such a plan by herself, or mistakenly believe that such a plan was being hatched.

Either way, it is a further indictment on the ineffectiveness of yet another opposition at the state level.

Saturday night might mark the beginning of a real and genuine resurgence by the Liberals, but the figures will need to reflect more than just a dissatisfaction with the government of the day.

And how dissatisfied are voters at the federal level?

Much was made of the booing of Kevin Rudd at Brisbane’s Lang Park during a rugby league match a week ago. It struck some observers as significant because the Prime Minister is a Queenslander and up until that moment, there had been little to suggest that he wasn’t continuing to travel well in his home state.

It was difficult to make too much of it because the crowd was simply reacting to a shot of the PM that had suddenly appeared on the big screen.

No such ambiguity when Gough Whitlam strode out onto Lang Park with the late Senator, Ron McAuliffe, in 1975.

With the crowd giving him a genuine bollocking, Whitlam turned to McAuliffe and said: “Ron, if I knew you were this unpopular, I would never have come to the match.”

Bob Hawke was having similar problems in the 80s, routinely booed when he stepped on to the MCG to present the cup to the AFL premiers.

So his political adviser Geoff Walsh proposed to the AFL that they nominate a living legend each year to present the cup, and the prime minister would then simply accompany the legend to the stage. A keen Bulldog fan, he suggested Ted Whitten be the first.

It worked a treat. Nobody was prepared to boo the prime minister in the presence of such greatness.

Walsh has recently joined the Bulldogs’ board and with initiatives such as that, he could be the off field equivalent to Barry Hall.

Barrie Cassidy hosts Insiders and Offsiders on ABC1.

Little support so far for lower drink-driving limits

The Queensland Government is pressing ahead with community consultation on reducing the drink-driving blood-alcohol limit to 0.02, despite widespread opposition to the plan.

It estimates one-in-five fatal accidents in Queensland last year involved alcohol.

Queensland Transport Minister Rachel Nolan would not be drawn on the fact that at least two states, Victoria and New South Wales, have no plans to reduce their limits.

She says Queensland will not act alone, but will go ahead with a community consultation.

The Government’s drink-driving campaign discussion paper has already sparked debate.

The RACQ, the Queensland Police Union (QPU), the Queensland Opposition and a former director of Monash University’s Accident Research Centre, have all opposed the idea.

QPU president Ian Leavers says lowering the legal limit will not make any difference.

“It’s not those people who have had one drink who are killing people on the roads,” he said.

“Those people who have had one drink with their dinner or one drink regardless of what it is, are not the ones killing people on the roads.

“What we need is more police out there, and the benefit of more police catching those who are really drunk driving on the roads will mean fewer people die in cars generally.”

Opposition transport spokeswoman Fiona Simpson says the proposal will penalise the wrong people.

“By lowering the target to such a level [will] potentially puts mums and dads beyond the law for having one glass of wine or one beer,” she said.

“The focus must be on cracking down on people who are breaking the existing law.

“You have repeat drink-drivers who are breaking the existing laws who need to have the book thrown at them they should never drive again.”

Drug Arm executive director Dennis Young agrees there need to be more police officers if the Government intends to change the blood-alcohol limit.

“It is pointless having legislation in place if you don’t have the capacity to enforce it,” he said.

“So if the Government is going to make a significant move like this they would need to make sure that they allocate sufficient resources for a public awareness campaign and to ensure that the police have resources to fully enforce the new legislation.”

Mr Young says anything is worth a try if it lowers the road toll.

“It is certainly something we will be considering and perhaps putting in a submission but I guess what it will do is encourage people who do drink, not to drive, and either use public transport or taxis,” he said.

Macca urges Obama to re-establish peace in Middle East

London, May 16 (ANI): Former Beatle member Paul McCartney has asked American president Barack Obama to support an organization which aims to re-establish peace in the war-torn Middle East.

The peace organization called ‘OneVoice’ has more than 650,000 followers, and aims to end the conflict between Israel and Palestine.

McCartney has officially joined OneVoice’s international board of advisers, which includes Hollywood star Danny DeVito and ex-boxing legend Muhammad Ali.

He is hoping that Barack Obama will lend his political support to OneVoice, which is working towards making voices from the two States are heard and acted upon to a achieve a peaceful end.

“I hope President Obama looks into this organisation and feels that OneVoice could be part of a peaceful solution,” Sky News quoted McCartney as saying.

Meanwhile, while performing in Tel Aviv, McCartney attempted to bring people together using music. (ANI)

Lalu Yadav says Congress has no existence in UP and Bihar

Patna, May 02 (ANI): Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) chief Lalu Prasad Yadav on Saturday claimed that the Congress party has no existence in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Criticising the All India Congress Committee (AICC) General Secretary Gulam Nabi Azad in a press conference here for his recent statement that aligning with regional parties in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh was a “big mistake” by Congress and it will not repeat it in future, Lalu said, “RJD is a national party and all should know that. The Congress virtually has no existence in the two states.”

On Friday, Gulam Nabi Azad, while talking to the reporters here had said, “Congress should have tried to stand on its own in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar much earlier… There has been delay in severing the ties and we apologise from the people for the mistake (forging an alliance with regional parties)… The party will not be left to the mercy of regional parties.”

Predicting that no single party would be able to form a government after the Lok Sabha polls, Lalu once again reached out to the Left, saying the door for them was always open.

“The era of coalition governments is here to stay for long and we want the Left and secular forces to come together. The door for the Left is always open, ” he said.

Commenting on Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury’s statement that the Left was not averse to aligning with even the Janata Dal (United) after the polls, Lalu asked, “Do you (the mediapersons) think that the Left will join forces with the communal parties.”

“Nitish Kumar (Bihar Chief Minister) is sitting in the lap of communal BJP. The Left will never allow the communal forces to come to power.” He asserted. (ANI)

Naxals strike Jharkhand, Bihar ahead of second phase of polling

Ranchi/ Patna, Apr 22 (ANI): With just a day left for the second phase of general elections, the Naxals have attacked at several places in Bihar and Jharkhand to impose a shut-down in the two states.

The latest incident has happened in Jharkhand this morning, where the Naxals took 700-800 people hostage as they were travelling in a train from Barkana in Jharkhand to Mugalsarai in Uttar Pradesh.

Naxals later freed passengers on board hijacked train.

The train was hijacked at around 7 a.m.

The Naxals had taken the train to the Latehar Railway Station. Four helicopters and the Railway Protection Force were called in to monitor the situation.

In another attack in Jharkhand, the Maoists bombed the Utari Railway Station in Palamu District.

The incident happened minutes before the Ranchi-New Delhi Rajdhani Express was scheduled to pass from the station.

On Tuesday night, the Naxals created a ruckus at Bihar’s Gaya, Aurangabad and Motihari District.

In Gaya, the Naxal rebels set on fire three oil tankers and five trucks on main GT road in Gaya District. A truck driver was shot at and is reportedly in critical condition.

The Naxals blew up a community centre in the Deo block of Aurangabad District.

No causalities were reported.

Naxals have also captured a polling station in the Aadapur block of Motihari District. They have wired it with two bombs.

Previously, the Naxals had disrupted the first phase of the five-phased general elections.

On April 16, the Naxals had struck at 14 places, killing at least 16 people.

The first attack took place in Jharkhand’s Latehar District, in which nine people including seven BSF personnel were killed.

A day before the first phase of polling on April 15, over 100 Naxals had stormed the BSF camp in Bihar’s Sasaram District armed with automatic guns and rocket launchers, but the camp was finally secured after a counter attack that forced the rebels to flee.

The encounter left at least one BSF soldier injured.

On April 12 night, seven CISF personnel and four Maoists were killed in a gun-battle that took place when hundreds of ultras attacked an ammunition store and bauxite mine of NALCO in Orissa’s Koraput District. (ANI)

Obama reiterates U.S. support for Palestinian state

U.S. President Barack Obama said on Monday the United States strongly supported the aim of setting up a Palestinian state living “side by side” and at peace with Israel.

Obama reiterated the U.S. position after Israel’s new foreign minister said last week that Israel was not bound by a deal to start negotiations on establishing a Palestinian state.

“Let me be clear: the United States strongly supports the goal of two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security,” Obama said in a speech to the Turkish parliament.

“Now, we must not give into pessimism and mistrust. We must pursue every opportunity for progress,” he said, weighing in on the Middle East peace issue for the first time since rightist Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu took power and formed a new government.

Obama promised to actively pursue a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

“We know that the road ahead will be difficult. Both Israelis and Palestinians must take the steps that are necessary to build confidence,” he said.

In his speech, Obama also said he sought engagment with Iran.

But he added: “Iran’s leaders must choose whether they will try to build a weapon or build a better future for their people.”

RJD, LJP, SP to formally announce new alliance today

Lucknow, Apr 3 (ANI): The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and the Samajwadi Party (SP) will make a formal announcement of their new alliance here today.

On March 29, Samajwadi Party General Secretary Amar Singh said, “The RJD, the LJP and the SP will sit together in Lucknow to discuss and announce the secular alliance.”
The three parties on March 26 had separately announced plans to contest the coming general elections in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar unitedly.

Singh had revealed that SP chief Mulayam Singh Yadav, RJD supremo Lalu Prasad and LJP leader Ram Vilas Paswan would be together.

“We will not clash with each other in the two states (UP and Bihar) having 120 Lok Sabha seats (80 seats in UP, 40 seats in Bihar),” he said.

Paswan had also informed that he held talks with Mulayam Singh and Lalu Prasad to confirm the alliance. He had further asserted that the three parties would provide an “alternative” in the fight against “communal forces”.

Bihar would go to poll in four phases: April 16, 23 and 30 and May 7.

The elections in Uttar Pradesh would be held in five phases: April 16, 23, 30 and May 7 and May 13. (ANI)

RJD, LJP, SP to formally announce new alliance on April 3

New Delhi, Mar 29 (ANI): The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and the Samajwadi Party (SP) will make a formal announcement of their new alliance on April 3, Samajwadi Party General Secretary Amar Singh said.

Talking to the reporters here today, Singh said, “They (RJD, LJP, SP) will sit together in Lucknow on April 3 at 11 am to discuss and announce the secular alliance.”

The three parties on March 26 had separately announced plans to contest the coming general elections in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar unitedly.

Singh had revealed to the media that SP chief Mulayam Singh Yadav, RJD supremo Lalu Prasad and LJP leader Ram Vilas Paswan would be together.

“We will not clash with each other in the two states (UP and Bihar) having 120 Lok Sabha seats (80 seats in UP, 40 seats in Bihar),” he said.

Paswan had also informed that he held talks with Mulayam Singh and Lalu Prasad to confirm the alliance. He had further asserted that the three parties would provide an “alternative” in the fight against “communal forces”.

Bihar would go to poll in four phases: April 16, 23 and 30 and May 7.

The elections in Uttar Pradesh would be held in five phases: April 16, 23, 30 and May 7 and May 13. (ANI)

RJD, LJP, SP to contest together in UP and Bihar

New Delhi, Mar 26 (ANI): The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and Samajwadi Party (SP) have announced plans to contest the coming general elections in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar unitedly.

Addressing a press conference in New Delhi, Samajwadi Party General Secretary Amar Singh said, “We three are together. We will not clash with each other in the two states (UP and Bihar) having 120 Lok Sabha seats (80 seats in UP, 40 seats in Bihar).”

Singh further informed that Paswan would not be fielding former Prime Minister V P Singh’s son Ajay Singh from Fatehpur seat in Uttar Pradesh.

Talking to reporters in Patna, LJP chief Ram Vilas Paswan said that he had talked to SP supremo Mulayam Singh and RJD chief Lalu Prasad and confirmed the alliance

He further asserted that the three parties would provide an “alternative” in the fight against “communal forces”.

Mulayam Singh, Lalu Prasad and LJP chief Ram Vilas Paswan will make a formal announcement of the new alliance in New Delhi on March 30.

Bihar would go to poll in four phases: April 16, 23 and 30 and May 7.

The elections in Uttar Pradesh would be held in five phases: April 16, 23, 30 and May 7 and May 13. (ANI)

Mizoram-Assam reps to discuss border dispute today

Aizwal, Mar. 20 (ANI): In a bid to resolve the border dispute between Mizoram’s Kolasib district and Assam’s Hailakandi district, talks would be held in the border village of Phaisen on Friday.

The Additional Superintendent of Police of Kolasib Lalthafamkima, said that a joint verification of the disputed site would be done by the Sub-Divisional Officer (Civil) of Vairengte and his Hailakandi counterpart.

The border dispute erupted between both states when Assam Forest Department officials reportedly assaulted a farmer for constructing a canal with funds received from the Centre through the Mizoram Agriculture and Minor Irrigation department.

Mizoram Government deployed a platoon of the first Indian Reserve Battalion at Phaisen on Wednesday with orders to open fire if Assam Police personnel started to shoot.

“There is no immediate sign of armed confrontation between the policemen of the two states even as the Assam government deployed a platoon of its armed police at Dolchhora, about three kilometres from Phaisen village,” Lalthafamkima said.

The border dispute has erupted from a disagreement on the notifications issued under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulations, 1873 and the clarification of Innerline Reserved Forest on the border areas between the two states.

In 1993, an armed confrontation between the police of the two states was averted by the intervention of the Home Ministry.

Since then, political talks to resolve the border dispute have never materialized. (ANI)

Arun Jaitley meets Rajnath Singh

New Delhi, Mar 19 (ANI): After skipping two key party meetings to express his displeasure over the appointment of Sudhanshu Mittal as party co-convenor for the North East, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Arun Jaitley on Thursday met party President Rajnath Singh.

According to reports, Jaitley went to the Singh’s residence here and stayed there for about an hour.

The BJP General Secretary is the party’s in-charge for Bihar and Delhi and the name of candidates for these two states could not be finalised as he had skipped the Central Election Committee meeting twice.

Jaitley has maintained that he would not attend the CEC meetings till Mittal’s removed.

The BJP President, however, has ruled out revoking his decision to appoint Mittal.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) had also intervened to make sure that the Rajnath-Jaitley stalemate does not hurt the party before the Lok Sabha polls. (ANI)

Two senior Jordanian officials visit Damascus on fence-mending trip

Amman – Two senior Jordanian officials left Amman for Damascus Tuesday on a fence-mending trip, officials said.

Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh and the Royal Court Chief Nasser Lawzi are scheduled to relay a message from King Abdullah II to the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad “which pertains to latest developments in the region and means of boosting bilateral ties,” a royal court statement said.

The trip of the two Jordanian officials to Damascus is seen as part of intensive contacts now underway among key Arab states to handle the deep rift that developed in Arab ranks during the Israeli offensive on the Gaza Strip in January and pave the ground for the regular Arab summit in Doha at the end of March, diplomats said.

Relations between Jordan and Syria appeared to cool when the two states sided with rival Arab camps during the war of summits that erupted at the height of the Israeli incursion in Gaza.

Jordan, one of the so-called moderate Arab states, declined to attend the Doha summit that was called by Qatar to consider moves against Israel, including a breakoff of political ties with the Jewish state. Syria and other hard-line countries attended the Doha meeting.

Syria was excluded from the recent Sharm el-Sheikh summit which was attended by Jordan, other moderate Arab states and European leaders. (dpa)

International folk festival in Chandigarh

Chandigarh, Mar 3 (ANI): The international folk festival in Chandigarh has attracted artistes from Russia and France this year.

According to organisers, the festival is a pioneering effort for Punjab and a great way to give fillip to cultural exchange.

“The basic idea is that we are getting these troops from France and Russia. This is just exposing our people to these Russian ball room dances and French opera. Basically of course to entertain and enthrall the citizens here,” said Roshan Sunkaria, Commissioner, Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh.

The performances from Russia included the traditional Russian Quadrile dance form. Quadrile used to be known as the dance of Moscow suburbs.

Another Russian folk performance was the Kaleidoscope.

The French artistes performed traditional dances like the famous ensemble of Marie Laure Vincent. The Russian folk performances shown here were part of modern folk dace forms.

“I think it’s very important as its first time international festival. I hope next time we invite different country maybe Italy and Poland,” said Natalia Ryabova, Director, Esakov Valeriy, a Russian dance troop.

The concept of exposing Indians to International folk forms was welcomed by the people.

The perfectly synchronized dance performances left the audience spellbound.

“I think there must be more of such exchanges between the two countries because it always helps to know the culture of each other. It develops greater understanding between the people and building up confidence between the two states,” said Maninder Singh, member of the audience.

As for Indian folk dances, artists will present naati, luddie, ghoomer, sammi, bhangra. The festivals travels to Kapurthala and Jalandhar.

The initiative for the international folk festival was taken by the Municipal Corporation and the Punjab Arts Council. By Sunil Sharma (ANI)

India should not rubbish Pak’s request for more evidence: Paper

Islamabad, Feb. 12 (ANI): Indian leadership should not rubbish Pakistan’s interest in seeking more evidence on the November 2008 terror attacks on Mumbai, as this would not facilitate the ongoing legal processes, the Dawn opines.

Pakistan is preparing for the phase two of the response to the Mumbai attacks. In phase one, India and the international community demanded that Pakistan track down any local links of the attacks and shut down the terror network within the nation.

Now, it is the turn for prosecuting Mumbai suspects and facilitating the complete dismantling of the ‘Jamaat-ud-Dawa’, the Dawn opines.

Pakistan may file criminal cases in local courts against a number of suspects and seek India’s cooperation in providing evidences, which can withstand scrutiny in a court of law.

In South Asia, where the judicial process is often tainted, it is easy to forget that a conviction in a court of law is the only just way for a society to punish its criminals.

Once the issue is in the hands of lawyers and judges, nothing short of full cooperation between the two states will ensure convictions that will not be overturned on appeal.

From the legal limbo of A Q Khan’s case, Islamabad can learn that the repercussions of a half-baked attempt to apply the law can prove to be costly.

Meanwhile, the Indian government, which caught Ajmal Kasab red-handed, would do well to remember that it still only has the lone surviving gunman in judicial custody.

However, prosecution of the Mumbai suspects will only bring partial closure to the Mumbai issue. The second half is political and will depend on Pakistan’s commitment to shutting down militant networks that operate here.

This is where the issue becomes murkier. The Pakistan government has locked some offices of the Jamaatud Dawa and curbed the movement of a few of its leaders but it is yet to dismantle such organizations completely.

Indeed, on Kashmir Day members of the erstwhile Jamaat-ud-Dawa gathered under the banner of a new organization.

This must not be allowed to happen. A selective response to the threat from militants will only embolden them, and complicate regional relationships. (ANI)