Shiv Sena-BJP alliance confident of victory in Maharashtra assembly polls

Mumbai, Sep 19(ANI): Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shiv Sena on Saturday expressed confidence about emerging victorious in the forthcoming Maharashtra Assembly elections.

“It is 45 years since Shiv Sena came into being. And this first day of Navaratri happens to be a red-letter day in the history of Shiv Sena that has crusaded for the cause of Samyukta (unified) Maharashtra. Considering all these aspects, I feel it is an auspicious timing (of) declaring the seat arrangement and we are confident of our combine emerging victorious,” said Uddhav Thackeray, Executive President of Shiv Sena party.

Leaders of both the parties confirmed that there was no bargaining for seats between the two allies.

“Today, is the first day of Dussera and we have arrived at the figures of seat sharing. Yes, it is 169 and 119. The 169 in favour of Shiv Sena and 119 for BJP and it will be interesting to note that both the figures end in 9, a lucky number; 169 and 119. And now onwards we will work on joint strategy. There is no clash of interests and now onwards we will devote to the selection of suitable candidates,” said Gopinath Munde, senior BJP leader.

In the 2004 elections, Shiv Sena had contested for 171 seats while BJP had contested for 117 and jointly they had bagged 119 seats in the legislative house of 289 members.

The alliance of Congress and regional National Congress Party (NCP) had emerged victorious in the 2004 polls. (ANI)

Genes controlling insulin ‘alter’ body clock

Washington, Sept 18 (ANI): Scientists at University of California, San Diego have identified certain insulin-regulating genes that can also alter the timing of the body clock.

They said that the findings can lead to new approaches to treating disorders such as metabolic syndrome that can result, at least in part, from chronic disruption of the sleep-wake cycle.

“People knew that the clock regulates many different processes, but what they didn’t realize what that when you tweak those processes, it feeds back and alters the clock,” said Steve Kay, Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of California, San Diego, who led the study along with John Hogenesch of the University of Pennsylvania.

A molecular clock controls daily physiological rhythms in many types of cells, even cells grown in culture.

By engineering cultured cells to glow yellow when a particular clock gene switched on, the team made the cycle visible. They then interfered with every human gene to see which would shift the clock. They found that hundreds altered the timing.

“We just suddenly discovered 350 new genes that affect the clock that weren’t known before,” Kay said.

However, subsequent screening to confirm the genes’ effect on a second clock gene narrowed the list to 200.

Seven genes involved in insulin control also influenced the rhythms of the clock.

“What came out very strongly was this close relationship between circadian regulation and insulin signalling. There’s a reciprocal relationship between circadian dysfunction and metabolic dysfunction,” said Kay.

The researchers suggest that genetically altered mice with malfunctioning clocks become obese and develop diet-induced diabetes.Understanding this close relationship between circadian regulation and metabolic homeostasis should provide novel ways of identifying new therapies for metabolic disease,” Kay added.

The study appears in journal Cell. (ANI)

Here’s how Zimbabwe’s blind cricket commentator Dean du Plessis bowls audiences

London, September 12 (ANI): He was born blind and has never seen a single match in his life, but has proved that all one requires to become a great cricket commentator is a mix of erudite descriptions of action, comprehensive knowledge of great players, faultless recall of statistics, and needle-sharp sense of timing and judgment.

Needless to say, Zimbabwean-born Dean du Plessis, 32, possesses all these attributes, and has been delivering commentaries on matches for nine years.

He has shared the commentary box in Tests, one-day, and Twenty20 tournaments involving all the Test-playing nations in worldwide radio broadcasts.

The commentators he has worked with include Tony Cozier, Geoffrey Boycott, Ravi Shastri, and Australia’s former spin bowler Bruce Yardley, who himself lost an eye.

In 2004, du Plessis and Yardley made the first ever team to deliver a commentary with a single eye between them.

It is du Plessis’s accentuated sense of hearing that makes up for being sightless.

He relies upon sounds heard via the stump microphones to tell who is bowling from the footfalls and grunts, a medium or fast delivery by the length of time between the bowler’s foot coming down, and the impact of the ball on the pitch.

He can tell whether a delivery was a yorker from the sound of the bat ramming down on the ball, whether a ball is on the off or on-side, and when it’s hit a pad rather than bat.

When the wicketkeeper’s voice goes flat, du Plessis tells him a draw is in the offing.

Though he can’t play the role in the commentary box of the anchor, du Plessis can tell from the crowd noise whether a ball has been gathered in a fielder’s hands or spilled.

“I have to work with the anchor. I am the guy who supplies, well, the colour,” Times Online quoted him as saying.

Andy Pycroft, the Zimbabwean opening batsman from 1979 to 2001, said: “The thing about Dean is the intuition. The public love to listen to him. If he has the right person at anchor to support him he is brilliant.”

Du Plessis hated the “blind cricket” he was taught to play with a plastic-wrapped volleyball at the blind school he attended.

At 14, while feeling bored one day, du Plessis tuned the radio in to a station devoted to ball-by-ball commentaries, and that was what was to change his life.

“There was a phenomenal noise in the background, 80,000 people in a stadium in India, people roaring. I realised it was cricket. I was fascinated,” du Plessis said.

He pushed his way into the commentary box at Harare Sports Club in 2001, and was allowed to try out with the microphone.

He never looked back. (ANI)

Barrage of small meteorite impacts cause the moon to “hum”

London, September 9 (ANI): A new research has suggested that a steady barrage of small meteorite impacts cause the moon to “hum”.

But, no seismometers sent to the moon to date have been sensitive enough to hear the “hum”.

According to a report in New Scientist, Philippe Lognonne at the Institute of Earth Physics of Paris and colleagues decided to work out how loud the ring is.

The team estimated the meteorite population in the solar neighbourhood, and calculated the likely seismic signals that would be created by a range of meteorite sizes and velocities as they strike the moon.

To determine how the vibrations from these impacts would be seen by seismometers, the team used data taken by Apollo seismometers four decades ago.

These measured the vibrations created by the landings of lunar modules and spent rocket stages.

Since the precise locations and timing of these landings were known, they could be used to gauge how long it would take vibrations caused by meteorite impacts to travel through the moon, and how much the signals might dim.

Their calculations revealed space rocks with masses ranging from a gram to a kilogram do indeed create a hum, but it is subtle.

Earth’s hum, created by pounding waves, is more than 1000 times louder.

“This shows that all planets may hum, those with and those without atmosphere,” said Lognonne.

“The moon-hum’s quietness means future lunar seismometers should be able to peek deep within the moon without the hum creating problematic background noise, he added.

Instead, seismometers can focus on measuring waves created by moonquakes, tremors created by a variety of sources, including the tidal tug of the Earth.

Because seismic waves are sensitive to the type, arrangement and density of rocks they pass through, studying the quakes can reveal more about the moon’s interior.

The network of seismometers left by the Apollo missions has been shut down since 1977, so Lognonne hopes more sensitive instruments will be sent to the moon soon.

These could reach deeper than the Apollo network to measure the size of the moon’s core.

“I think the study is a great idea,” said Clive Neal of the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, who was not associated with the research.

“Estimating the actual background noise is critical for designing the next generation of seismometers to go to the moon,” he added. (ANI)

Hilary Swank says there was no ‘spark’ when she first met beau John Campisi

Washington, Sep 8 (ANI): Hilary Swank has said that there was no initial “spark” between her and new beau John Campisi because both of them were nursing a broken heart at the time, and their romance was completely “unexpected”.

Hilary was in the process of divorcing Chad Lowe when she started working with John in May 2006.

“There was no spark. What’s interesting is, there was never anything. It wasn’t until we were well into the dissipation of our respective relationships. Going through something so difficult at the same time, we became very good friends. We became closer and closer,” Contactmusic quoted Swank as telling Britain’s Hello! Magazine.

“It was so unexpected. We both recognised that if we were going to take the relationship to the next step, we could no longer work together,” she added.

While the 35-year-old star has no intention of marrying John, 41, in the near future, she hopes to start a family with him one day.

She even enjoys spending time with his son Sam, from a previous relationship.

“Sam’s a sweetheart. I most definitely want children. It’s something I’d like to do someday. And when the timing is right I’ll hopefully know it,” she said. (ANI)

Corporate trophy to boost employment opportunities for cricketers

Dharamsala, Sep 2 (ANI): The eight day ‘Inter-Corporate National Cricket Tournament’ featuring 12 corporate teams to be held at four centres, is expected to generate employment opportunities for domestic cricket players in India’s corporate houses.

The tournament began simultaneously in Bangalore and Dharamshala on Tuesday.

The participating teams are set to compete for the winning amount of Rupees 1 crore.

Cricket players believe that the tournament, given official status by the Board of Control for Cricket in India’s (BCCI), is a good opportunity especially for domestic cricket players.

“It is a very important tournament, the BCCI has given it official status, even if it hadn’t it would still be important for cricketers as they are playing for their company. It is also an opportunity for cricketers to get employment and it will be good for them, so it is a good tournament,” said Rohan Gavaskar, cricketer.

A season starter, the tournament is believed to be good for the players who haven’t played for the past few months and a warm up for top players before the one-day tri-series in Sri Lanka starting on September 11 and the ICC Champions Trophy in South Africa.

“Keeping in mind the timing of the tournament, the guys have had a couple of months break, they haven’t played for a couple of months before the season starts again. So it will be a good time for them to have a hit and also for the selectors to have look at some of the new youngsters,” said Hemant Badani, another cricketer.

Known players such as Harbhajan Singh, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, RP Singh, VVS Laxman, Mohammad Kaif, Rahul Dravid, Ajit Agarkar are also participating in the tournament. (ANI)

Junior doctors’ strike in Bihar, claims 38 lives

Patna, Aug 31(ANI): The outdoor and emergency services at the Patna Medical College and Hospital (PMCH) and the Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) continue to be affected for the fifth day on Monday due to an indefinite strike by 800-odd junior doctors.

According to reports, the doctors strike has so far claimed lives of 38 patients.

“Work at emergency and other wards of the Patna Medical College Hospital in Patna and Darbhanga Medical College Hospital at Darbhanga have been seriously hit by the strike,” a news channel quoted official sources, as saying.

Meanwhile, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has said that the junior doctors should withdraw the strike as soon as possible.

“The timing of the strike is completely wrong and anti-people. It should have been amicably resolved, instead of resorting to a stir,” Kumar said.

The striking juniors are pressing for introduction of payscale system in place of existing stipend system, which they get in lieu of work while pursuing their postgraduate studies.

The juniors get Rs 13,000 per month as stipend in the first year and it goes up by Rs 1,000 in each of the remaining two years during which they complete the PG course. (ANI)

RSS chief Bhagwat says Advani, Rajnath will decide role in BJP

Haridwar, Aug 31(ANI): Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh (RSS) chief Mohan Bhagwat on Monday said that BJP leaders LK Advani and Rajnath Singh will decide on their role within the party.

Talking to reporters here, Bhagwat said, “Rajnathji, Advaniji and others will decide on their role in the party. Everything will be fine in the BJP in future.”

“There are people with moral standing like Advani and under their guidance, they will solve all problems. We have nothing to do with this,” he added

While the BJP had said that Rajnath Singh will not get an extension as party president beyond his three-year term that ends in December, there were reports that Advani may step down as Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha but the timing for it has been left to him.

Bhagwat had a breakfast meeting with Advani on Sunday and had discussions with other senior leaders.

Sunday’s breakfast meeting between Advani and Bhagwat was the second between the two. They had earlier met on Saturday afternoon for about two hours at the RSS headquarters Keshavkunj in Delhi to discuss various issues.

Saturday’s meeting took place amid reports that the RSS has readied a succession plan for the BJP. However, BJP spokesperson Prakash Javadekar told reporters at a press conference that no succession plan was discussed.

The RSS is believed to have told the BJP leadership to set its house in order. That this is being given serious thought was evident when top brass of the BJP met at Advani’s residence yesterday morning for about two hours and briefed him about their discussions with Bhagwat on Friday.

Sources said the RSS has firmly asked BJP leaders to end the infighting in the party and reach consensus on a new party chief. (ANI)

Vidic vows to prove his commitment to Man U

London, Aug 25 (ANI): Star defender Nemanja Vidic has vowed that he will prove his commitment to Manchester United with his performances in the coming weeks.

Vidic’s advisor Paolo Fabbri was quoted last week as saying that the centre-back would welcome a switch to Barcelona.

It set alarm bells ringing at Old Trafford, as Vidic has become one of Europe’s top defenders since joining three years ago. His wife was also reported as being unhappy in Manchester.

But Vidic insists he is focused only on United’s title defence and Fabbri denied making the comments.

“I’ve never said anything about Barcelona, or Real Madrid or AC Milan – or any club. I never speak about my future so I don’t know why someone else does. I showed at Wigan on the pitch how happy I am at this club. Any fan of United only has to see how I played to know how committed I am,” The Sun quoted Vidic, as saying.

The 5-0 win at Wigan on Saturday was Vidic’s first game back after an ankle injury.

He spoke to Fabbri about the story to voice his concern at the timing of it, after United lost Cristiano Ronaldo and Carlos Tevez.

“I don’t want it to have an impact. I’m here and committed. I’ll show that with how I play. It’s not true that my wife is not happy. I don’t know how that rumour came out; she’s not what you’d call a famous wife. She’s never spoken to a newspaper,” he added. (ANI)

Vasundhara Raje calls on Advani and Rajnath Singh in Delhi

New Delhi, Aug.22 (ANI): Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader and former Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje on Saturday evening called on senior leaders Lal Krishna Advani and Rajnath Singh here at their residence to discuss the leadership issue in the State.

Just before leaving for her meeting with Advani from her Delhi-based house Scindia Villa, Raje said that she was in the national capital as per schedule to meet party leaders after the three-day Chintan Baithak (brainstorming session) of the BJP.

“I can’t understand whole of this because I respect … people in the party, the senior leaders of the party and I was always meant to come after “Chintan Baithak”, I am here… No speculation…,” Raje said.

Though Raje didn’t prefer addressing the media after any of the two meetings but she is expected to have discussed the issue of her stepping down from the position of Leader of Opposition in Rajasthan Assembly and leadership issue in her State threadbare with Advani. She had about one-hour meeting with Advani.

Also, Raje is expected to have apprised Rajnath Singh about her mindset and probably about her timing to step down from the post of the Leader of the Opposition in Rajasthan State Assembly, as directed by the BJP recently. Her meeting with Rajnath Singh lasted for about 30 minutes.

On Thursday, BJP President Rajnath Singh said he had advised Raje to step down but set no timeframe. Reportedly, BJP had asked Raje to step down due to poor performance of the party in the recent national and state assembly polls.

After a week-long drama which saw her virtually defying the BJP’s central leadership, Raje on Friday left for Delhi with scores of her supporters. Along the way, she received a rapturous welcome from her supporters, suggesting that she enjoys huge popularity in Rajasthan.

Raje has been asked to resign from the post of Leader of Opposition in the wake of the party’s dismal performance in the Lok Sabha and assembly polls.

After her defiance last week, the BJP Parliamentary Board had last Sunday endorsed the decision against her but kept no deadline for it.

In Shimla, on Friday, senior BJP leader and Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj indirectly hinted that if Raje failed to back down, she could be removed from the party on grounds of indiscipline.

Without directly confirming plans to remove Raje, Swaraj alluded at a press conference that: “The BJP has removed the party’s state level leadership in those states where it performed poorly in the last (state and general) elections.” (ANI)

Samajwadi Party targets opportunistic Congress, but says will support UPA

Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Aug.21 (ANI): Concluding a three-day National Conference here on Friday, a sulking Samajwadi Party leadership accused the Congress of being “opportunistic” and announced a mass agitation programme against UPA government, but ruled out withdrawal of outside support to it for now.

Having lost in four Assembly seats where bypolls were held in Uttar Pradesh, the Samajwadi Party in a resolution also targeted the Mayawati Government in the state, saying it and the UPA were pursuing “anti-people” and “anti-national” policies.

It said that the Samajwadi Party had supported the Congress-led coalition at the Centre to weaken communal forces.

“But the government after announcing revolutionary steps to end unemployment, educational reforms and foodgrains support in 100 days, had done nothing so far in this regard,” it alleged, while announcing the agitation against the Centre and UP government in January next year.

However, party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav, asserted that “there is no question of withdrawing support from UPA as of now.

“We will take to the streets against both Congress and BSP. We will launch a ‘Jail Bharo’ agitation between January 19 and 23, 2010 against BSP, during which both me and Kalyan Singh will court arrest,” Yadav told reporters on Friday.

The political and economic resolution cleared by the party’s national executive made no reference to SP withdrawing support from the UPA.

Asked about the results of bypolls to four assembly seats in Uttar Pradesh, where two seats were wrested from it, Yadav said, “this is not the people’s verdict. State government officials ensured BSP’s victory. They had arrested our cadre to ensure our defeat.”

The results are being seen as a setback for the party, which is trying to regain its position in the state after the 2007 assembly polls and the recent general elections.

“We want to make people aware why there is a need for an agitation against BSP in Uttar Pradesh. During this period, our party workers will hold meetings with the people at grassroot levels where they will highlight the weaknesses of the BSP government in UP,” Yadav said.

He also cited the ongoing farming season as a reason for the timing of the agitation.

The SP lamented India “kowtowing to foreign powers and sacrificing the country’s economic interests”.

The government, the party resolution alleged, had failed to boost agricultural production, control prices, take action against food adulteration, tackle unemployment and give Indian languages their rightful place in official and court work.

It criticised the US and other developed countries for their “double standards” on the issue of greenhouse emissions.

It also referred to the alleged attempts by China to disturb the flow of Himalayan rivers which could result in environmental disaster for India. (ANI)

Why we sleep – ‘science-wise’

London, Aug 21 (ANI): From animals to humans, everybody requires a good night sleep. However, the function of sleep still remains one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science, say researchers.

While many theories suggest that sleep helps in brain “maintenance” – including memory consolidation and pruning- reverse damage from oxidative stress suffered while awake and promote longevity, none of them are well established.

Now, researchers from University of California, Los Angeles have come up with a new theory that sleep’s primary function is to increase animals’ efficiency and minimize their risk by regulating the duration and timing of their behaviour.

“Sleep has normally been viewed as something negative for survival because sleeping animals may be vulnerable to predation and they can’t perform the behaviors that ensure survival,” Nature quoted Jerome Siegel, professor of psychiatry and director of the Centre for Sleep Research at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour at UCLA as saying,iegel said.

“These behaviours include eating, procreating, caring for family members, monitoring the environment for danger and scouting for prey.

“So it’s been thought that sleep must serve some as-yet unidentified physiological or neural function that can’t be accomplished when animals are awake,” he added.

In the study conducted using platypus, walrus, and echidna – a small, burrowing, egg-laying mammal covered in spines, the researchers showed that sleep itself is highly adaptive, much like the inactive states seen in a wide range of species, starting with plants and simple microorganisms; these species have dormant states – as opposed to sleep – even though in many cases they do not have nervous systems.

That challenges the idea that sleep is for the brain, said Siegel.

“We see sleep as lying on a continuum that ranges from these dormant states like torpor and hibernation, on to periods of continuous activity without any sleep, such as during migration, where birds can fly for days on end without stopping,” he said.

In humans, the most notable thing about sleep is that it reduces body and brain metabolism while still allowing high level of responsiveness to the environment, such as parent arousing at a baby’s whimper but sleeping through a thunderstorm.

“This Darwinian perspective can explain age-related changes in human sleep patterns as well,” said Siegel.

“We sleep more deeply when we are young, because we have a high metabolic rate that is greatly reduced during sleep, but also because there are people to protect us.

“Our sleep patterns change when we are older, though, because that metabolic rate reduces and we are now the ones doing the alerting and protecting from dangers,” the expert added.

The study appears in journal Nature Reviews Neuroscience. (ANI)

Pakistan requires ‘months’ for Waziristan push, says Army

Islamabad, Aug 18(ANI): Pakistani Army has said that it would require months to prepare for a ground offensive against the Taliban in their South Waziristan stronghold on the Afghan border.

Lieutenant-General Nadeem Ahmed, Commander of the 1 Strike Corps in Mangla in Pakistan Kashmir, said this while reacting to comments made by visiting US envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke.

Holbrooke has already said that Washington is scrambling to get the equipment the Pakistani Army needs and that the timing of any ground operation was up to the army and government.

Pakistani forces have surrounded Taliban fighters in their tribal lands in South Waziristan, where Pakistani warplanes have attacked Taliban positions and US drone aircraft have launched several missile strikes that apparently killed militant leader Baitullah Mehsud.

Lt. Gen. Ahmed further said that the Pakistani military is waiting for the right time and is trying to create the right conditions for launching a future ground offensive by imposing a ‘tight’ blockade around the area.

“Once you feel that the conditions are right and you have been able to substantially dent their infrastructure and their fighting capacity, then you go in for a ground offensive,” The Dawn quoted Lt. Gen. Ahmed, as saying.

“That may happen in winter, or even beyond, probably,” he added.

Lt. Gen. Ahmed also informed that many of the military’s helicopters were being used in an offensive against militants in the Swat valley, which needs maintenance before being sent to Waziristan. (ANI)

Bolt would have been in danger of nabbing a speeding ticket!

Berlin (Germany), Aug.18 (ANI): Jamaican Usain Bolt, who broke the world 100 meter record on Monday, is said to have run so fast that he was in danger of getting a speeding ticket.

Bolt set the world record at 9.58 seconds, a huge reduction from the old record of 9.69 he ran a year previously at the Beijing Olympics.

According to the Daily Express, no one has ever carved such a big chunk off the world’s fastest time since electronic timing was introduced.

Maurice Greene taking Donovan Bailey’s record from 9.84 to 9.79 10 years ago was thought a huge achievement – but it did not compare with this.

At his fastest Bolt clocked 30 mph.

Bolt begins again this morning in the 200m. He will be cool until the final,then let those long legs go in another explosion of pace.

His world record at the Olympics was 19.30.

Bolt wants to finish his career as a legend.

“The first few chapters are going well. It’s getting there but two seasons can’t do it,” he said.

“I have to keep doing it year after year. I could go 9.4, but I think the world stops at 9.4. For me, 9.5 is definitely a big thing. I’m proud of myself because I’m the first man to have done that,” he added. (ANI)

Music lessons may boost a person’s ability to hear in noise

Washington, Aug 18 (ANI): Musical training could enhance a person’s ability to hear speech despite the deleterious effects of background noise by strengthening auditory memory and the representation of important acoustic features, according to a new Northwestern University study.

The study showed that musicians, who are trained to hear sounds embedded in a rich network of melodies and harmonies, are primed to understand speech in a noisy background, say in a restaurant, classroom or plane.

“The study points to a highly pragmatic side of music’s magic,” said Nina Kraus, director of Northwestern’s Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, where the research was done.

The findings strongly support the potential therapeutic and rehabilitation use of musical training to address auditory processing and communication disorders throughout the life span.

While hearing speech in noise is difficult for everyone, the problem is particularly acute for older adults, who are likely to have hearing and memory loss, and for poor readers who have normal hearing but whose nervous systems poorly transcribe sounds that ultimately are critical to good reading skills.

The study suggested that such populations could benefit from the reordering of the nervous system that occurs with musical training.

As the brain changes with experience, musicians have better-tuned circuitry-the pitch, timing and spectral elements of sound are represented more strongly and with greater precision in their nervous systems.

“Musical training makes musicians really good at picking out melodies, the bass line, the sound of their own instruments from complex sounds,” said Kraus.

And the study has for the first time confirmed that such fine-tuning of the nervous system also makes musicians highly adept at translating speech in noise.

The finding has particular implications for hearing certain consonants, which are vulnerable to misinterpretation by the brain, and are a big problem for some poor readers in a noisy environment.

The brain’s unconscious faulty interpretation of sounds makes a big difference in how words ultimately will be read.

The study had 31 participants with normal hearing and a mean age of 23 divided into a group with music experience, and another without it.

They had to listen to sentences presented in increasingly noisy conditions, and repeat back what they heard.

Better perception in noise was linked with better working memory and tone discrimination ability.

The results indicated that musical training enhances the ability to hear speech in challenging listening environments by strengthening auditory memory and the representation of important acoustic features. (ANI)

Synchronised light bursts may make jet lag history

Washington, July 15 (ANI): A software program that prescribes a regimen for avoiding jet lag using timed light exposure has been created by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Michigan.

The method has been described in the open-access journal PLoS Computational Biology.

Traveling across several times zones can cause an individual to experience jet lag, which includes trouble sleeping at night and difficulty remaining awake during the day. These effects largely reflect de-synchronization between the body”s internal time clock and local environmental cues.

Now, the program, which seeks to re-synchronize the body with its new environment, considers inputs like background light level and the number of time zones traveled. Then, based on a mathematical model, the program gives users exact times of the day when they should apply countermeasures such as bright light to intervene and reduce the effects of jet lag.

Timed light exposure is a well known synchronization method, and when used properly, this intervention can reset an individual”s internal clock to align with local time. The result is more efficient sleep, a decrease in fatigue, and an increase in cognitive performance. Poorly timed light exposure can prolong the re-synchronization process.

Using their computational method, researchers simulated shifting sleep-wake schedules and the subsequent light interventions for realigning internal clocks with local time.

They found that the mathematical computation resulted in quicker design of schedules and also predictions of substantial performance improvements. They were able to show that the computation provided the optimal result for timing light exposure to reduce jet lag symptoms.

“Using this computation in a prototyped software application allows a user to set a background light level and the number of time zones traveled to obtain a recommendation of when to expose a subject to bright light, such as the bright lights sometimes used to treat Seasonal Affective Disorder” said lead-author Dennis Dean.

“Although this method is not yet available to the public, it has direct implications for designing schedules for jet lag, shift-work, and extreme environments, such as in space, undersea or in polar regions,” the expert added.

“This work shows how interventions can cut the number of days needed to adjust to a new time zone by half,” said co-author Daniel Forger. (ANI)

Amphibians like to mate under a full Moon

London, July 14 (ANI): Scientists have discovered that amphibians around the world synchronize their mating activity by the full Moon.

According to a report by BBC News, this global phenomenon has never been noticed before, but frogs, toads and newts all like to mate by moonlight.

The animals use the lunar cycle to co-ordinate their gatherings, ensuring that enough males and females come together at the same time.

In doing so the creatures maximize their spawning success and reduce their odds of being eaten.

Biologist Rachel Grant of the Open University, UK, was studying salamanders near a lake in central Italy for her PhD in 2005 when she noticed toads all over the road, under a full Moon.

“Although this might have been a coincidence, the following month I went along the same route every day at dusk and found that the numbers of toads on the road increased as the Moon waxed, to a peak at full Moon, and then declined again,” she said.

A review of the scientific literature found little mention of any similar records, so Grant returned to the same site in 2006 and 2007 to survey the amphibians in more detail.

She then collated her data with a 10-year analysis of the mating habits of frogs and toads at a pond near Oxford, UK, collected by her supervisor Tim Halliday, and with data on toads and newts living in Wales collected by colleague Elizabeth Chadwick from Cardiff University, UK.

“We analysed the data, and found a lunar effect at all three sites,” Grant said.

For example, the common toad (Bufo bufo) arrives at all its breeding sites, mates and spawns around the full Moon. The common frog (Rana temporaria) also spawns around the time of the full Moon.

“Newts also seem to be affected by the lunar cycle but the results are less clear,” said Grant.

Newt arrivals peak during both the full and new moons.

The researchers have also looked at historical data collected in Java on the Javanese toad and found that it too mates by the lunar cycle, with females ovulating on or near to the full Moon.

“We now have evidence of lunar cycles affecting amphibians in widespread locations. We definitely think that Moon phase has been an overlooked factor in most studies of amphibian reproductive timing,” said Grant.

“We think this may be a worldwide phenomenon. However, differences between species in ecology and reproductive strategy may mean that not all amphibians are affected in the same way. This is something we would like to investigate further,” she added. (ANI)

‘Release of Saeed, Sufi casts shadow over Pak’s seriousness to crack down on terror’

Washington, July 8 (ANI): The subsequent release of Lashkar-e-Toiba’s (LeT) chief Hafeez Muhammad Saeed, the hardcore Lal Masjid cleric Maulana Abdullah Aziz, and now the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammed (TNSM) chief Sufi Mohammad has cast serious doubts over Pakistan’s claims that it is seriously acting against the Taliban and other home grown terror outfits, a senior US intelligence official said.

The United States is worried and at the same time skeptical over Pakistan’s claims about cracking down on certain banned terror outfits.

Washington is concerned that Pakistan has failed to keep extremist leaders such as Sufi Mohammad and Hafeez Saeed behind bars.

“While Pakistan claims it is cracking down on extremists, note how Sufi Mohammed, Hafiz Saeed and his aide, and Maulana Abdullah Aziz have been cut loose,” The Long War Journal quoted a senior US intelligence official, as saying.

Blaming the TNSM for the failure of the Swat peace accord between the Pakistan government and the banned pro-Taliban TNSM, he said Islamabad must stop relying on these militant leaders to cart a way out of the problem it is facing currently.

“Pakistan can kill all of the foot soldiers it wants to in the northwest, but until the leaders like Sufi and Saeed are taken out of the game, the gains will be temporary,” the official said.

Even as Mohammad’s release from the so called ‘protective custody’ is yet to be confirmed, it is being believed that his release may signal new negotiations being chalked out ahead of the Pakistan’s Army surge in the South Waziristan against the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) chief Baitullah Mehsud .

“The timing of his release is curious, and may signal that a new round of negotiations is in the works,” the journal said.

If the Pakistan government is again trusting Sufi Mohammad for negotiations with Mehsud, it could be once again a blunder in the making for Islamabad, as he had openly supported the Taliban earlier, the report said.

“The Taliban are doing nothing wrong. The government is responsible for violations,” Sufi had said after the Swat peace deal was severed.

Meanwhile, the NWFP Information Minister, Iftikhar Hussain said the government has no information regarding the arrest or release of Sufi Muhammad.

“The provincial government has no information about the whereabouts of Maulana Sufi Muhammad,” Hussain said. (ANI)

Climate change causing wild sheep to shrink

Washington, July 3 (ANI): A new study has provided evidence for climate change as the cause of the mysterious decrease in the size of wild sheep on the Scottish island of Hirta.

According to the researchers, due to climate change, survival conditions on Hirta are becoming less challenging, which means slower-growing, smaller sheep are more likely to survive the winters than they once were.

This, together with the newly discovered so-called ‘young mum effect’ whereby young ewes produce smaller offspring, explains why the average size of sheep on the island is decreasing.

Classical evolutionary theory suggests that over time the average size of wild sheep increases, because larger animals tend to be more likely to survive and reproduce than smaller ones, and offspring tend to resemble their parents.

However, among the Soay sheep of Hirta, a remote Scottish island in the St Kilda archipelago, average body size has decreased by approximately 5 percent over the last 24 years.

The research team analyzed body size and life history data, which records the timing of key milestones throughout an individual sheep’s life, for Soays on Hirta over this 24 year period.

They found that sheep on the island are not growing as quickly as they once did, and that smaller sheep are more likely to survive into adulthood.

This is bringing down the average size of sheep in the population over all.

Professor Coulson suggests that this is because shorter, milder winters, caused by global climate change, mean that lambs do not need to put on as much as weight in the first months of life to survive to their first birthday as they did when winters were colder.

According to him, “In the past, only the big, healthy sheep and large lambs that had piled on weight in their first summer could survive the harsh winters on Hirta. But now, due to climate change, grass for food is available for more months of the year, and survival conditions are not so challenging.”

“Even the slower growing sheep have a chance of making it, and this means smaller individuals are becoming increasingly prevalent in the population,” he added.

Their results suggest that the decrease in average body size seen in Hirta’s sheep is primarily an ecological response to environmental changes over the last 25 years. Evolutionary change has contributed relatively little. (ANI)

Move more troops from Indian border to Afghanistan side, US tells Pak

Washington, June 28 (ANI): The United States has reiterated that Pakistan must move its troops stationed along the Indian border to the western Afghan border to focus more on the terror threat emanating from that area.

Addressing a Congressional hearing here, the Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia, Robert O Blake said that Pakistan needed to move more troops from its border with India to the western parts of the country to fight terrorism.

Blake said that the United States would support talks between Indian and Pakistan to establish peace and stability in the region, but added that it would not interfere in the bilateral talks, and leave it to the two countries ‘to chart their own course of action.’

“India and Pakistan face common challenge and we will support continuing dialogue to find joint solutions to counter terrorism and to promote regional stability,” The Dawn quoted Blake, as saying.

Referring to the meeting of Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh and Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari in Russia’s Yekaterinburg earlier this month, Blake said that such engagements were encouraging particularly after the heightened tension between both the countries in the wake of November 2008 Mumbai carnage.

“We will continue to support dialogue between Indian and Pakistani leaders. The timing, scope and content of any such dialogue are strictly matters for Pakistani and Indian leaders to decide,” Blake said.

The United States is pushing for the stalled bilateral talks between India and Pakistan to resume as soon as possible. It had even sent a special envoy, Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, William Burns, to New Delhi with a letter for Dr.Manmohan Singh recently.

The contents of the letter were not disclosed, but media reports suggested that President Obama urged the Indian leadership to resume dialogue with Pakistan. (ANI)