South African officials withhold findings of Caster Semenya’s gender test

London, Sep. 19 (ANI): Even before South African star athlete Caster Semenya’s gender was questioned at the World Championships in Berlin, Athletics South Africa (ASA) had found out and withheld the fact that she had internal testes, an e-mail exchange has revealed.

According to the e-mail exchanges published in the Mail and Guardian newspaper, ASA officials were aware of the findings of a Pretoria clinic that Semenya had internal testes and produced abnormal amounts of testosterone for a woman, Times Online reports.

It was ASA’s chief medical officer and team doctor, Harold Adams, who had suggested the need carrying out the tests on Semenya, 18, because of her deep voice, muscular body and facial hair, which later became a subject of controversy in Berlin.

Another email exchange shows that Adams later suggested that the results to be kept confidential while the South African team was in Berlin.

“Thinking about the current confidential matter, I would suggest we make the following decisions. 1. We get a gynae opinion and take it to Berlin. 2. We do nothing and I will handle these issues if they come up in Berlin,” the report quoted from Dr Adams’ email to ASA President Leonard Chuene and General Manager Molatelo Malehopo, as saying.

Following the IAAF establishing that Semenya was a hermaphrodite, South African officials not only angrily denounced it, but also denied carrying out their own tests.

Taking matters a step further, South African Sports Minister Makhenkesi Stofile lost his temper at a press conference and threatened to start a “third world war” if Semenya was banned from international competition because of her gender.

Earlier, Semenya’s ex-coach Wilfred Daniels had said the ASA had duped Semenya into thinking the gender test carried out on her were routine drug tests. (ANI)

‘Embarrassed’ Musharraf’s close aides shying away from commenting on his misdeeds

Islamabad, Sep.16 (ANI) : Close aides of former Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf are too embarrassed and are shying away from responding to the former general’s claims that he had taken the November 3, 2007 actions only after consulting various top officials, including the then Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz and the current Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Kayani.

Musharraf’s erstwhile close associates find the topic as ‘too dirty’ to speak about and have been avoiding any queries regarding that by simply saying ‘no comments’.

A former spokesman of the Shaukat Aziz government, however, denied that the cabinet had prior knowledge of Musharraf’s plan of imposing the emergency.

When asked about the issue, Lieutenant General (retired) Ali Jan Orakzai said: “It’s such a dirty subject that leaving it untouched would be a better option.”

Orakzai said he is waiting for the apt time to speak on Musharraf’s claims.

“Let’s see the gravity of the subject. I would record my statement before the court in case summoned on this issue,” The News quoted Orakzai, as saying.

When informed about Shaukat Aziz’s statement that he was not consulted on the November 3 actions, Orakzai said issuing such statements from abroad is easier.

“Shaukat Aziz can do this as he is living in London. I can’t do so,” he said.

Former Punjab Governor Lieutenant General (retired) Khalid Maqbool said he has decided not to enter into any controversy related to the past events that occurred during his stint. (ANI)

Steven Spielberg, Robert Redford to go head to head with Lincoln biopics

Washington, Sept 16 (ANI): Steven Spielberg will continue work on his new movie based on the life of Abraham Lincoln, even as Robert Redford is making another biopic on the former American President.

Spielberg insists his film will be quite different from Redford’s version.

It is reported that Spielberg’s film tilled Lincoln will have the American Civil War as its plot, while Redford’s The Conspirator will deal with the events leading up to the former President’s assassination in 1865.

Contactmusic quoted Spielberg as telling Daily Variety: “We are very happy that Redford will be doing this Lincoln movie.

“It is completely different from what our DreamWorks Lincoln movie will be, and we believe that it will add to the commercial potential of our film. Lincoln as a subject is inexhaustible.”

The Jaw’s director had announced Lincoln earlier this year but the project has been delayed due to funding problems and changes in script. (ANI)

Aussie police command wobbled by sexual harassment claims

Sydney, Sep. 15 (ANI): Female police officers at an Australian police command have alleged that they were sexually harassed and intimidated by their male counterparts apart from being told that their place was in the home.

According to a complaint filed by a senior female constable at the Goulburn Local Area Command, five of her male colleagues sent sexually explicit emails to her and asked her to join a threesome.

Another three officers at the same command’s Bowral station have told their local MP they were “demeaned” due to pregnancy or because they were mothers, the Daily Telegraph reports.

The alleged harassment of the senior constable and sergeant began two years ago.

During one sleazy exchange in the police station, a senior colleague told the female constable that a threesome was “every man’s dream” and then suggested she “have a go” with the girlfriend of another officer.

The policewomen have also alleged that a local man was assaulted during an arrest in the middle of 2007 and that it was never investigated, despite his family attempting to make a complaint.

The senior constable said the arresting officer told her: “That guy’s a piece of s…, he was carrying on like a f…..t and mouthing off, he got what he deserved, we flogged him, he got pile-driven into the ground head first.”

A police spokesman said the women were the subject of a 181D action and faced a loss of confidence of the Commissioner.

“Their reward for a combined 37 years of dedicated front-line service is to be subjected to systematic bullying by male officers because of their gender and because they had the courage to stand up and complain about their treatment,” Hodgkinson said.
The two women have paid dearly for their service, with the senior constable needing surgery to fuse her spine last year and the sergeant suffering a broken back on duty. (ANI)

PDP leader Mehbooba Mufti hurt in car mishap

Doda (J and K), Sep.10 (ANI): Peoples Democratic Party president Mehbooba Mufti suffered minor facial injuries on Thursday when her car was involved in an accident.

The mishap occurred soon after she told a PDP workers’ convention that the spate of fatal road accidents in the Chenab valley region reflected the devastation, exploitation and neglect of the poorest of the poor in the state.

The PDP president said the huge loss of life caused by road accidents in Doda region could not be delinked from the fact that the condition of roads was the result of deterioration of geological and ecological conditions.

She also used the occasion to criticise the ruling National Conference-Congress coalition government in the state for not doing enough on power projects.

She urged the state government to focus on a return of control of natural resources to the state so that they are utilized for the betterment of our people.

She also touched on the subject of education, calling on the state government to take steps to usher in improvements in this sector. (ANI)

Forgotten memories still exist in the brain

Washington, Sept 10 (ANI): A new research by UC Irvine neuroscientists suggests that memories exist even when forgotten.

With the help of advanced brain imaging techniques, the study’s scientists discovered that a person’s brain activity while remembering an event is very similar to when it was first experienced, even if specifics can’t be recalled.

“If the details are still there, hopefully we can find a way to access them,” said Jeff Johnson, postdoctoral researcher at UCI’s Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and lead author of the study, appearing Sept. 10 in the journal Neuron.

“By understanding how this works in young, healthy adults, we can potentially gain insight into situations where our memories fail more noticeably, such as when we get older,” he said.

“It also might shed light on the fate of vivid memories of traumatic events that we may want to forget,” he added.

In collaboration with scientists at Princeton University, Johnson and colleague Michael Rugg, CNLM director, used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain activity of students.

Inside an fMRI scanner, the students were shown words and asked to perform various tasks: imagine how an artist would draw the object named by the word, think about how the object is used, or pronounce the word backward in their minds. The scanner captured images of their brain activity during these exercises.

About 20 minutes later, the students viewed the words a second time and were asked to remember any details linked to them. Again, brain activity was recorded.

Utilizing a mathematical method called pattern analysis, the scientists associated the different tasks with distinct patterns of brain activity. When a student had a strong recollection of a word from a particular task, the pattern was very similar to the one generated during the task.

When recollection was weak or nonexistent, the pattern was not as prominent but still recognizable as belonging to that particular task.

“The pattern analyzer could accurately identify tasks based on the patterns generated, regardless of whether the subject remembered specific details,” Johnson said.

“This tells us the brain knew something about what had occurred, even though the subject was not aware of the information,” the expert added. (ANI)

Prime Minister’s daughter releases her book on history

Kolkata, Aug 30 (ANI): Upinder Singh, daughter of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and a professor of history in the Delhi University, released her book on Indian history in Kolkata.ddressing the gathering, Upinder Singh attributed her success to the support she received from her family.

“The fact that he (Manmohan Singh) has an academic background and the academics are valued in our family. Both had certainly made a difference to a kind of person I am today,” she said.

She added that her book would help the reader to visualize and understand the rich and varied remains of the Indian subcontinent’s ancient past.

Upinder’s new book ‘A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from Stone Age to the 12th Century’ is a comprehensive book meant for students and general readers.

The book had taken five years for her to complete and offers an exhaustive overview of the subject. The book has over 350 photographs, maps, drawings and sketches. (ANI)

New computer program studies handwriting to detect liars

Washington, Aug 29 (ANI): While experts have long been trying to use handwriting as a tool in forensic labs or their personality traits, researchers have now developed a computerized tool that can measure handwriting characteristics more effectively, making it greatly useful in lie detection.

Headed by Gil Luria and Sara Rosenblum at the University of Haifa, the researchers utilised a computerized tablet that measured the physical properties of the subject’s handwriting, which are difficult to consciously control (for example: the duration of time that the pen is on paper versus in the air, the length height and width of each writing stroke, the pressure implemented on the writing surface).

And they have found that these handwriting characteristics differ when an individual is in the process of writing deceptive sentences as opposed to truthful sentences.

The handwriting tool has the potential to replace, or work in tandem, with popular, verbal-based lie detection technology such as the polygraph to ensure greater accuracy and objectivity in law enforcement deception detection.

Besides, polygraphs are often intrusive to the subject and sometimes inconclusive.

Thus, the handwriting tool provides ease and increased accuracy over common, verbal-based methods.

The study appears in an upcoming issue of Applied Cognitive Psychology. (ANI)

Same neural networks in brain process familiar and newly learnt words

Washington, August 29 (ANI): A series of experiments conducted as part of the Academy of Finland’s Neuroscience Research Programme (NEURO) have shown that the brain uses the same neural networks to process both familiar and newly learnt words.

In one experiment, participants learnt the name and/or purpose of 150 ancient tools. They had never heard those words before.

Their brain function was measured by means of magnetoencelography during the naming of the tools, both before and after the learning period.

It was observed that their brains used the same neural networks to process both familiar and newly learned words.

Academy Professor Riitta Salmelin, HUT Low Temperature Laboratory, who is in charge of the research, revealed that the names of objects were processed in the left temporal and frontal lobe within half a second of showing the image of the tool to the subject.

“If the subject had only recently learned the name of the tool, the naming process induced an activation that was just as strong or stronger than the activation induced by the image of a familiar object,” the researcher said.

Salmelin added that the learning of the meaning of ancient tools did not cause corresponding clear differences in the function of the brain.

According to the researcher, it seems that the processing of meanings in the brain differs essentially from the processing of names.

On the other hand, said Salmelin, the performance results indicated that new definitions were learnt even faster than new names.

The research team are now working on a follow-up study to explore the retention of learned words.

“We are also conducting a separate series of experiments to find out how our brain learns phonetic structures and, on the other hand, how the brain learns to identify letter combinations that are typical of a certain language,” Salmelin said.

Another area of interest in the ongoing study is the role of grammar in language learning.

The researchers say that they will try to explore how the brain learns to use the vocabulary and grammatical structure of an experimental miniature language. (ANI)

‘Mobile ID’ devices herald next generation of biometric gadgets

Washington, August 27 (ANI): Reports indicate that a new generation of small, portable, versatile biometric devices, referred to as ‘Mobile ID’, are flourishing.

These devices gather, process and transmit an individual’s biometric data, which includes fingerprints, facial and iris images.

They were developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) researchers working with first responders, criminal justice agencies, the military, industry and academia.

Previous work on standards for these biometric devices has focused primarily on getting different stationary and desktop systems with hardwired processing pathways to work together in an interoperable manner.

But, a new generation of small, portable and versatile biometric devices are raising new issues for interoperability.

“The proliferation of smaller devices including advanced personal digital assistants (PDAs), ultra-portable personal computers and high-speed cellular networks has made portable biometric systems a reality,” said computer scientist Shahram Orandi.

“While the portable systems have made leaps and bounds in terms of capability, there are still intrinsic limitations that must be factored into the big picture to ensure interoperability with the larger, more established environments such as desktop or large server-based systems,” he added.

The new mobile biometric devices allow first responders, police, the military and criminal justice organizations to collect biometric data with a handheld device on a street corner or in a remote area and then wirelessly send it to be compared to other samples on watch lists and databases in near real-time.

Identities can be determined quickly without having to take a subject to a central facility to collect his or her biometrics, which is not always possible.

Soldiers are beginning to use these devices to control access to secured areas, and first responders can use them to ensure that only approved workers are on-site during an incident or investigation. (ANI)

CBSE to make Class X boards optional in 2010-11

New Delhi, Aug.27 (ANI): The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is likely to announce on Friday that from the coming academic year (2010-11), Class X board exams will become optional in all CBSE-run schools.

The board will make a formal announcement once the blueprint of the new system to replace the board exams is frozen.

CBSE sources said board chairman Vineet Joshi would hold the last presentation and consultation session in Madhya Pradesh on Thursday on the changes being brought about before the draft is finalized and made public.

The CBSE has reportedly prepared the format of an aptitude exam that schools can use to test Class X students on their level of understanding in each subject. The emphasis, however, will be on continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) through the year instead of a single public exam at the end of Class X.

“CBSE has decided to go strongly on making the Class X board exam optional and implement CCE grading system and other alternatives. The process of review of the present Class X exam system is over,” Joshi said.

He said that CBSE had also conducted a survey among students on whether they want the board exam to continue.

Joshi said there were apprehensions that the new format would create two categories of students, those who take the exam and others who don’t.

Among these alternatives is the provision of an online, on demand test for those who don’t take the board exam but want certification later on.

In another major decision aimed at ensuring that schools maintain minimum basic standards, the CBSE has decided to have an independent agency for accreditation of CBSE schools.

All schools under the board will have to get themselves evaluated by this agency within three years. New schools will get CBSE affiliation three years after they have been accredited by this agency.

Joshi said the accreditation agency could be either a government or private body.(ANI)

Holidaying Obama sets himself grueling reading schedule of 2,300 pages

Martha’s Vineyard (Virginia, US), Aug. 26 (ANI): US President Barack Obama has kicked off his vacation by revealing that, in addition to endless games of tennis and golf, he plans to read five books or an astonishing 2,300 pages.

His summer reading list, unveiled by a White House apparently keen to emphasise Obama’s highbrow credentials, contains two heavyweight works of non-fiction and three novels, The Independent reports.

On top of the pile stacked on Barack and Michelle’s bedside table at the 28-acre estate they have rented for 35,000 dollars is “Hot, Flat and Crowded”, the climate change polemic by New York Times columnist, Thomas Friedman. Subtitled “why we need a green revolution”, it makes a leftish call to arms regarding the future of the planet.

Obama’s second choice is historian David McCullough’s magisterial biography of John Adams, the often underrated second US president, who was the subject of an award-winning HBO docu-drama last year.

The novels include two crime thrillers: Richard Price’s Lush Life, and The Way Home, a novel by George Pelecanos set in Washington, DC – which, much like Obama’s best-selling autobiography, explores the relationship between a father and his son.

Completing the set is the novel Plainsong, by a little-known writer called Kent Haruf. Set in a small town on the Colorado plains, its existence on the reading list may reassure voters that their metropolitan commander-in-chief has not ignored Middle America.

The books were unveiled to reporters on Monday afternoon, at an official press briefing.

President Obama has already spent a portion of his week so far playing golf, beating Michelle at tennis, and visiting friends.

To finish all five books, he would have to manage more than 300 pages every day – quite an “ask” when a small portion of his time must also be spent running the country. (ANI)

Some Aussie frogs raise pitch of love songs to counter traffic noise

Washington, Aug 26 (ANI): Some Aussie frogs often raise their pitch as they serenade their partners, in order to counter traffic sounds, according to a study.

Kirsten Parris, an ecologist at the University of Melbourne, says that one species of frog in Melbourne is changing the pitch of its love song to be heard above the roar of the road.

For the study, Parris visited many urban ponds and pools inhabited by frogs, measuring traffic noise, which is, unfortunately, at the same low frequencies as many frog mating calls.

But, for the onomatopoeic ‘pobblebonk’ (Limnodynastes dumerilii), she found that a call that could originally be heard by a female 800 metres away might only carry 98 metres above 60 decibels of traffic noise, an average value for Melbourne.

She has also discovered that the southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) seems to be compensating for the traffic noise by increasing the pitch of its calls1 (listen to before and after calls).

Parris suggested that installing noise barriers at strategic points around a road could help urban frogs to hear each other.

She further said that creating habitats where they thrive – such as ponds with sloping rather than steep sides – would also make sense.

“Cities provide some of the last habitat for a range of frog species around the world. So if we only worry about conserving frogs and their habitats outside cities, some of these frogs may well go extinct,” she said.

She added: “Some frog species are very sensitive to environmental changes”, but “others are quite adaptable and can persist in urban habitats if we gave them a bit of help”.

However, Kris Kaiser, an ecology graduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles, has put forward a note of caution on the subject of these amphibians’ adaptability.

“Frogs, unlike birds, are thought to have the frequency of their calls somewhat constrained by their anatomy. There is often a relationship between body size and frequency of call,” he said.

Thus, he claimed that the creatures’ ability to compensate for traffic noise may be limited.

The study was presented at the International Congress of Ecology in Brisbane. (ANI)

Actors, crew of ‘Yeh Mera India’ get candid with media

Mumbai, Aug 21 (ANI): Cast and crew of Bollywood film ‘Yeh Mera India’ that brings to light several problems of the Indian society, got candid with media in Mumbai.

All the leading star cast, including Anupam Kher , Rajpal Yadav, Smilee Suri, Perizaad Zorabian, along with the Produce -Director of the film, N Chandra were present.

Speaking to the media on the occasion, Chandra said the film highlighted a subject, which he felt was quite important.

“I felt that no film is made on this topic and this needs to be talked about,” said N Chandra.

The movie also stars Atul Kulkarni, Seema Biswas, Milind Gunaji, Rajit Kapoor, and Sarika among others.

Perizaad Zorabian also talked about her role in the movie.

“It is very interesting story. There are many interesting characters in the film. Beauty of the film is that it will make you think and it will make you wonder, that you can make a difference and there are so many stories that are involved in the film. I am playing the role of a television executive producer and my character is that of educated , successful person who has everything in life but she still she complains about everything,” said Zorabian.

The film brings back the old memories of N Chandra films like ‘Tezab’, ‘Ankush’, ‘Kagaar’, ‘Tejaswini’, ‘Narsimha’ and ‘Pratighaat’.

The film is based on social elements that concern our daily life and problems of our society encounters such as caste, Hindu-Muslim issues and sexual harassment of the women at the work places.

It is slated to be released on August 28. (ANI)

Zardari claims that Taliban has been defeated in Swat

Islamabad, Aug.19 (ANI): Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari has claimed that the Taliban has been defeated in the Swat Valley.

In an interview with the News ahead of his meeting with US Special Envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke, Zardari said Pakistan was a united nation and would always stand united against its enemy.

“We are one nation and would stay united at every crucial moment to defeat the enemy,” Zardari said.

When asked how he viewed the meetings of Holbrooke with JUI chief Maulana Fazlur Rehman and JI Secretary General Liaquat Baloch, Zardari said: “Politics is the name of dialogue and issues could be sorted out only politically.”

When enquired how he would counter the opposition from some of parties like the JUI and the ANP on the issue of allowing political parties to work in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), he said all such issues would be sorted out with dialogues.

“People give up their positions, sometime, in view of national interest. So we will be able to manage this by moving from our standard positions on the subject,” Zardari said.

Later, Presidential spokesperson Farhatullah Babar told media persons that Zardari, during his meeting with Holbrooke, told the US ambassador that Pakistan’s industrial growth and export potential was severely hampered because of the war against the former Soviet Union as well as the rising militancy which was a result of the Cold War politics.

“If these factors had not hampered the country’s progress Pakistan would not have been faced with the type of economic problems it is facing today,” Babar quoted Zardari, as saying. (ANI)

Synchronised light bursts may make jet lag history

Washington, July 15 (ANI): A software program that prescribes a regimen for avoiding jet lag using timed light exposure has been created by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Michigan.

The method has been described in the open-access journal PLoS Computational Biology.

Traveling across several times zones can cause an individual to experience jet lag, which includes trouble sleeping at night and difficulty remaining awake during the day. These effects largely reflect de-synchronization between the body”s internal time clock and local environmental cues.

Now, the program, which seeks to re-synchronize the body with its new environment, considers inputs like background light level and the number of time zones traveled. Then, based on a mathematical model, the program gives users exact times of the day when they should apply countermeasures such as bright light to intervene and reduce the effects of jet lag.

Timed light exposure is a well known synchronization method, and when used properly, this intervention can reset an individual”s internal clock to align with local time. The result is more efficient sleep, a decrease in fatigue, and an increase in cognitive performance. Poorly timed light exposure can prolong the re-synchronization process.

Using their computational method, researchers simulated shifting sleep-wake schedules and the subsequent light interventions for realigning internal clocks with local time.

They found that the mathematical computation resulted in quicker design of schedules and also predictions of substantial performance improvements. They were able to show that the computation provided the optimal result for timing light exposure to reduce jet lag symptoms.

“Using this computation in a prototyped software application allows a user to set a background light level and the number of time zones traveled to obtain a recommendation of when to expose a subject to bright light, such as the bright lights sometimes used to treat Seasonal Affective Disorder” said lead-author Dennis Dean.

“Although this method is not yet available to the public, it has direct implications for designing schedules for jet lag, shift-work, and extreme environments, such as in space, undersea or in polar regions,” the expert added.

“This work shows how interventions can cut the number of days needed to adjust to a new time zone by half,” said co-author Daniel Forger. (ANI)

Hominids’ last supper establishes the times they lived at archaeological sites

Washington, July 15 (ANI): An international team of scientists has analyzed the last food that the hominids consumed, in order to establish the length of their occupations at archaeological sites.

As part of the research, the scientists analyzed the dental wear of the fossils of herbivorous animals found in the French cave of Arago, which were hunted by Homo heidelbergensis.

It is the first time that an analytical method has allowed the establishment of the length of human occupations at archaeological sites.

The key is the last food that these hominids consumed.

For many years, the mobility of the groups of hominids and how long they spent in caves or outdoors has been a subject of discussion among scientists.

Now, an international team headed by researchers from the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES) in Tarragona has based its studies on the dental fossils of animals hunted by hominids in order to determine the vegetation in the environment and the way of life of Homo heidelbergensis.

“For the first time, a method has been put forward which allows us to establish the relative length of the human occupations at archaeological sites as, up until now, it was difficult to ascertain the difference between, for example, a single long-term occupation and a succession of shorter seasonal occupations in the same place”, said Florent Rivals, a researcher from ICREA.

In the study, the researchers analyze the dental wear of the ungulates (herbivorous mammals) caused by microscopic particles of opaline silica in plants.

These marks appear when eating takes place and erase the previous ones. This is why they are so useful.

Thanks to the “last supper phenomenon”, the scientists have been able to analyze the last food consumed by animals such as the Eurasian wild horse, the mouflon and the reindeer. “This method allows us to confirm the seasonal nature of the occupation”, Rivals added.

According to the team, the microwear of the teeth is sensitive to seasonal changes in the diet.

The application has allowed the researchers to estimate the length of the occupation of the site from the Lower Paleolithic Age in the cave of Arago (France) by the number of marks on the fossils and, therefore, the variation in the diet of several species of herbivores, as “each season presented food resources which were limited and different in the environment”, the paleontologist clarified.

“With this method, we were able to prove that at the site, which belonged to Homo heidelbergensis, there is evidence of differing mobility, as there were highly mobile groups and others with little mobility”, said Rivals. (ANI)

Drug trials point the way to understanding aviation and climate change

Southampton (UK), July 14 (ANI): A unique collaboration between the University of Southampton’s Schools of Engineering Sciences and Medicine, which has presented the most comprehensive review of the impact of aviation on climate this century, has been awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal in London.

The paper entitled ‘Systematic review of the impact of emissions from aviation on current and future climate’ is the first major study of its kind in the last decade, since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published its findings on this subject in 1999.

Dr Kenji Takeda, Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering Sciences and lead author of the paper explains: “By using an objective approach to reviewing the effect of aircraft on climate, we hope to provide a good baseline for this active debate. There is a clear need for improving scientific understanding, and it is vital for the aircraft industry to continue to support climate scientists and work towards future solutions for sustainable aviation.”

The Southampton collaboration is unique in the sense that the application of the systematic review methodology for drug appraisals is subject to climate change. The results of the paper show that there is a wide range of predictions for the impact of aviation on climate. These are most dependent on assumptions made about future economic growth. The paper also highlights how dependent we are on the level of scientific understanding and modelling capability, particularly around the non-CO2 effects of aircraft.

Systematic reviews are carried out to identify and synthesise evidence using a transparent and objective approach. They are used extensively by medical researchers for assessing the effectiveness of methods for preventing, treating and managing different diseases, to inform national policy in the UK on their availability across the National Health Service. This is one of the first times this rigorous approach has been applied to the complex issues around climate change. It is hoped that such objective methodology can be more widely applied in this area to help inform and guide the decision-making process that will determine the future of the planet. (ANI)

MAT ~ MAT 2009 ~ MAT 2009 Education Test Date 6th September 2009 ~ Management Aptitude Test 2009 ~ Management Aptitude Test on 6th September 2009 at www.aima-ind.org

MAT ~ MAT 2009 ~ MAT 2009 Education Test Date 6th September 2009 ~ Management Aptitude Test 2009 ~ Management Aptitude Test on 6th September 2009 at www.aima-ind.org

MAT – Management Aptitude Test is conducted by All India Management Association (AIMA).

MAT Score is acceptable even to certain other Institutes for considering admission of candidates for Post Graduate Degree / Diploma programmes, besides the above Institutes, subject to specific cut-off marks and other admission parameters.

Test Date – 6th September 2009 (Sunday)

Reporting Time – 9.15 A.M

Test Time – 10.00 A.M – 12.30 A.M

Eligibility for MAT : Graduate in any discipline from a recognized university. Final year degree course  students can also apply.

How to Apply for MAT 2009 Exam :

To obtain MAT Bulletin and Application Form by post, send a Demand Draft of Rs.1050/- to AIMA-CMS, drawn in favour of “All India Management Association” payable at New Delhi alongwith two self-addressed slips/adhesive stickers. Send your request to The Manager-CMS, All India Management Association, Management House, 14, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.

OR

Obtain MAT Bulletin and Application Form on cash payment of Rs 980/-(Nine Hundred Eighty only) at AIMA counter at Delhi (Tel:- 24653382), select Bank of Baroda (BoB) Branches, AIMA Nodal Centres and other outlets .Bank of Baroda Branches (Click Here), AIMA Nodal Centres and other outlets.

Important Dates for MAT 2009 Exam :

Last date of Availability of MAT Bulletin: 10 August 2009 (Monday)
Last date for Receipt of Filled form At AIMA, New Delhi : 13 August 2009 (Thursday)

Note:

Forms with Bulletins for 06 September 2009 MAT will be available for sale from first week of July 2009. Details of Participating Management Institute, Test Centre Cities and Sales Outlets will also be available from first week of July 2009.

Candidates may also view/download the MAT Score from AIMA website http://www.aima-ind.org/ after 3 weeks from the date of the test.

Candidates may clarify queries regarding MAT Score, if any, at e-mail : rgusain@aima-ind.org

For more details visit – http://www.aima-ind.org