(Reuters) – Rumaila, the workhorse of Iraq’s oil industry and its largest producing oilfield, is buzzing with activity as executives, engineers and drillers begin a massive overhaul to nearly triple its million barrels per day output.
At the airport in Basra, capital of southern Iraq, officials struggle to process the unprecedented numbers arriving to join the country’s nascent oil boom.
Iraq may be struggling to form a new government almost three months after elections, but oil firms chosen to carry out the largest oilfield development projects on the planet are plowing ahead with investments that could take the country into the elite of global oil producers.
And, though the old administration failed to pass a new law to govern an energy sector vital to rebuilding the country after years of war and sanctions, Iraq’s oil industry is booming.
“The companies are not going to sit back and just wait,” said Raad Alkadiri of Washington-based PFC Energy. “Iraq’s government has itself encouraged this by saying ‘keep going and the politics will sort itself out’.”
The Rumaila project is the most advanced and was the first Baghdad signed, with BP (BP.L) and China’s CNPC taking it on.
Oil service company Weatherford International is already up and running on the ground there. It was one of the firms that won part of a $500 million deal to drill wells at the field and already has 300 people working in Iraq.
“It’s still very early days,” said Alex Munton of Edinburgh-based consultancy Wood Mackenzie. “But the drilling contract’s in place and the pace of activity so far is an indicator of them hitting the ground running, as they said they would do.”
Iraq sits on the world’s third-largest oil reserves and has signed contracts that would boost its output by around 10 million barrels per day by 2017, generating an additional $700 million a day in oil revenues at current prices. Though it may never reach that target and output gains over the next year or so are expected to be much more modest at around 600,000 bpd, the contracts themselves have encouraged companies to move ahead as quickly as possible.
To start recuperating investment, oil companies need to boost output at producing fields by 10 percent. From Iraq’s untapped fields, firms have an early target called first commercial output to trigger cost recovery.
Hitting the targets fast reduces capital investment exposure to Iraq by allowing oil firms to recycle money already invested. The faster oil firms hit the targets, the faster they can begin recycling investments, reducing the need for new exposure.
“The reality is that the quicker you can get to commercial output on these contracts, the quicker you can recover investment and begin receiving remuneration,” Alkadiri said.
While the outgoing government failed to pass a new oil law to provide a framework for investment, it said the deals were legal under existing legislation.
So far, legal uncertainty has done little discourage investment, said Hadeed Hassan, a Baghdad-based lawyer for Al-Tamimi & Co, who worked on the deals.
“It’s not enough to stop them,” said Hassan. “They’re already signing subcontracts, they wouldn’t be signing such contracts if they weren’t ready to go ahead and move down south.”
IN THE FIELD
In the political vacuum that has emerged from an inconclusive election, neither leading contender Iyad Allawi nor Prime Minister Nuri al-Mailiki has indicated he would embark on what would be a political nightmare for the oil companies – a full review and overhaul of the deals. Iraq’s take of revenues from the deals is among the highest in the world. It would be hard for the government to squeeze more out of the contracts, oil industry executives say.
With so much at stake, a new administration would be reluctant to turn back the tide of activity the contracts has unleashed. Seven years after the U.S.-led invasion, the country is still pumping below pre-war levels.
“Iraq has no choice but to move ahead with these contracts,” said Luay al-Khatteeb, of the London-based Iraq Energy Institute. “Any government will honor them, not because they are perfect, but because they have no choice. They’ve already wasted too much time.”
Iraq faces huge challenges building the capacity to deal with the size of the oil projects underway.
Many of Iraq’s most skilled workers and bureaucrats left the country during the years of sectarian violence after the war.
That has left its administration and its national oil company with little capacity to deal with the megaprojects at most of its largest oilfields.
Already, oil firms were finding Iraq’s South Oil Company a frustrating partner, industry sources said.
“These are some of the biggest projects on the planet,” said one source familiar with operations in Basra. “And Iraq’s strategic planning capacity is showing the wear and tear of years of decline and brain drain.”
Across the administration, efforts are underway to train bureaucrats to handle the surge of activity ahead.
“There is an unprecedented level of activity right now in Basra,” said Andrew Doust, of Coffey International Development, which has been involved in training over 100,000 Iraqi public sector workers since the war. “This will certainly place greater demands on Iraqi systems than they have ever had before.”
At Basra airport, the old Iraq is already struggling to deal with the new. People arriving to join the nascent oil boom crowd around a counter for hours staffed by one official approving visas that have already been granted by Baghdad, a consultant who just visited the region said on condition of anonymity.
“They can’t even staff and manage properly the one gateway to the country for a few hundred billion dollars,” he said.
(Additional reporting by Rania El Gamal and Ahmed Rasheed; Editing by Lin Noueihed)