Extract of Kava may help beat the blues

Washington, May 12 (ANI): A traditional extract of Kava, a medicinal plant from the South Pacific, may be safe and effective in reducing anxiety as well as depression, a study has found.

In the study, researchers at the University of Queensland in Australia found that a water-soluble extract of Kava was effective in treating anxiety and improving mood.

The Kava was prescribed in the form of tablets.

Lead researcher Jerome Sarris, a PhD candidate from UQ’s School of Medicine, said the placebo-controlled study found Kava to be an effective and safe treatment option for people with chronic anxiety and varying levels of depression.

“We’ve been able to show that Kava offers a natural alternative for the treatment of anxiety, and unlike some pharmaceutical options, has less risk of dependency and less potential of side effects,” Sarris said.

Each week participants were given a clinical assessment as well as a self-rating questionnaire to measure their anxiety and depression levels.

The researchers found anxiety levels decreased dramatically for participants taking five tablets of Kava per day as opposed to the placebo group, which took dummy pills.

“We also found that Kava had a positive impact on reducing depression levels, something which had not been tested before,” Sarris said.

While the three-week trial raised no major health concerns regarding the Kava extract used, the researchers said larger studies were required to confirm the drug’s safety.

The study is to be published online this week in the Springer journal Psychopharmacology. (ANI)

Ozone hole caused increased growth in Antarctic sea ice

Washington, April 22 (ANI): A new research has determined that increased growth in Antarctic sea ice during the past 30 years is a result of changing weather patterns caused by the ozone hole.

The research, done by scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and NASA, indicates that while there has been a dramatic loss of Arctic sea ice, Antarctic sea ice has increased by a small amount as a result of the ozone hole delaying the impact of greenhouse gas increases on the climate of the continent.

Sea ice plays a key role in the global environment – reflecting heat from the sun and providing a habitat for marine life. At both poles sea ice cover is at its minimum during summer.

However, during the winter freeze in Antarctica this ice cover expands to an area roughly twice the size of Europe.

Ranging in thickness from less than a meter to several meters, the ice insulates the warm ocean from the frigid atmosphere above.

Satellite images show that since the 1970s the extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased at a rate of 100,000 square kilometers a decade.

The new research helps explain why observed changes in the amount of sea-ice cover are so different in both polar regions.

According to lead author Professor John Turner of BAS, “Our results show the complexity of climate change across the Earth. While there is increasing evidence that the loss of sea ice in the Arctic has occurred due to human activity, in the Antarctic, human influence through the ozone hole has had the reverse effect and resulted in more ice.”

“Although the ozone hole is in many ways holding back the effects of greenhouse gas increases on the Antarctic, this will not last, as we expect ozone levels to recover by the end of the 21st Century. By then, there is likely to be around one third less Antarctic sea ice,” he said.

Using satellite images of sea ice and computer models, the scientists discovered that the ozone hole has strengthened surface winds around Antarctica and deepened the storms in the South Pacific area of the Southern Ocean that surrounds the continent.

This resulted in greater flow of cold air over the Ross Sea (West Antarctica) leading to more ice production in this region.

“This new research helps us solve some of the puzzle of why sea-ice is shrinking is some areas and growing in others,” said Turner. (ANI)

First technique to produce effective anti-leukaemia agent developed

Washington, Apr 18 (ANI): More than a decade after discovering kapakahines- marine-derived natural products with anti-leukaemia potential-scientists have found the first technique to synthesise them in laboratory in large quantities, by using only acetylene gas, a handful of amino acids, and a dozen inventive steps.

Kapakahines were isolated from a South Pacific sponge in trace quantities, but its lack of availability stalled any future studies.

But, thanks to the efforts of researchers at Scripps Research Institute that unlimited production of kapakahine is now possible.

Thus, research on the compound can proceed and may eventually lead to new drug treatments.

Cripbrochalina olemda, a common tube-type sponge like organism, produces a compound called kapakahine B, among other molecules of interest, which has shown potential for fighting leukaemia.

The researchers have said that kapakahine B, which has an unusual structure, uses some never-before-seen mechanism to fight cancer cells.

For a long time, researchers around the world have unsuccessfully tried to devise a method for synthesizing the kapakahines.

Scripps researchers, led by Phil Baran, started on with more basic research, in which they successfully synthesized a simpler related compound, psychotrimine, with no known pharmaceutical potential.

Inspired by this, the researchers created a highly reactive and selective chemical component referred to as a quaternary centre that, because of structural similarities, also drives the essential first step in the kapakahines synthesis.

Later, they set out on a somewhat riskier venture to develop a second stage needed to synthesize kapakahines.

Then, the researchers predicted that using the quaternary centre, they could produce two intermediate isomers, or molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.

One of the isomers was predicted to be an ideal stepping stone toward the kapakahines, but more difficult to make.

They predicted that the second isomer would be much more reactive, and in theory its concentration would grow sufficiently as it moved toward equilibrium with the first isomer.

And finally, they synthesized two kapakahines for the first time and in gram quantities.

One of the compounds, kapakahine B, has shown potential in fighting leukaemia cells, which could further help in developing potential drug treatment.

The research has been published online by the Journal of the American Chemical Society. (ANI)

Experts say Fiji in danger of becoming the Burma of the South Pacific

Vanua Levu (Fiji), Apr.13 (ANI): Years of stifling military rule and financial destitution are propelling Fiji towards becoming the Burma of the South Pacific, claim regional experts.

These commentators, according to the Sydney Morning Herald, have labelled the latest developments in Fiji an outrage.

With the country’s military ruler, Frank Bainimarama, returning to the leadership helm with more power than ever in spite of a court ruling that termed his 2006 coup illegal under the country’s 1997 constitution, the experts have described the latest political situation in the island nation a total charade.

“This was all a total charade, just a hoax that spits in the face of democracy,” said Professor Brij Lal, a Pacific specialist at the Australian National University.

“The President is a senile old man, a puppet in the pocket of the military.

Frustrated world leaders who have long been calling for elections to return the country to democracy have roundly condemned the actions, which include stringent media censorship.

Bainimarama says the events give Fiji a “fresh start”, but Lal says it is more akin to a big step backwards.

“Fiji is in serious danger of becoming the next Burma, where the military has entrenched itself with a sham kind of parliament and pays no heed to international opinion over many, many years,” he added.

Fijians have not protested at the turn of events. Lal says people are either scared of retribution or are complacent after 28 months of military rule.

ANU academic Dr Jon Fraenkel said the military, with its harassment of the media, clearly feared some kind of popular reaction from Fijians hit hard by the new turn of events. (ANI)

Fiji president reappoints coup leader as PM

SUVA (Reuters) – Fiji’s president reappointed former coup leader Commodore Frank Bainimarama to head the politically unstable South Pacific nation’s government on Saturday, less than two days after a court ruled his 2006 coup illegal.

Fiji has suffered four coups and a bloody military mutiny since 1987, mainly as a result of tensions between the majority indigenous Fijian population and the economically powerful ethnic Indian minority

Bainimarama was sworn in as caretaker prime minister in the morning by President Ratu Josefa Iloilo, who on Friday annulled the 1997 constitution and sacked the judges who declared Bainimarama’s former government illegal on Thursday.

Bainimarama came to power in a bloodless 2006 coup.

“He just came, he read the oath and he was appointed as prime minister,” a local journalist told Reuters by telephone.

A swearing-in ceremony for a new cabinet was due to take place in the afternoon.

Late on Friday the president issued a decree giving himself the power to appoint a prime minister by decree and other ministers on the advice of the prime minister, the FijiLive (www.fijilive.com) website said. These powers are to remain in force until a parliament is elected under a new constitution yet to be adopted.

Emergency regulations giving the police and military special powers have also been enacted, but the situation in Suva generally remained calm despite the political upheavals of the last few days.

Iloilo’s suspension of the constitution has been condemned overseas. Iloilo has called for elections by 2014.

(Editing by David Fox)

Fiji president revokes constitution, no election till 2014

Wellington, April 10 (DPA) Fiji was plunged into political limbo Friday as President Ratu Josefa Iloilo revoked the constitution and sacked the Court of Appeal judges who declared the military government illegal, according to reports from the capital Suva.

In an address to the Pacific island nation, Iloilo said he believed that the regime of strongman Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama, who had ruled since seizing power in a bloodless coup in December 2006, had ‘performed extremely well, brought up new ideas, reforms and improved the lives of the ordinary people’, the Fijivillage website reported.

Assuming powers as head of state, Iloilo said he would appoint a new judiciary and a new interim government, which would need five years to implement reforms required before ‘true democratic and parliamentary elections’ could be held by September 2014.

Three judges of the Court of Appeal ruled Thursday that Bainimarama’s government was unlawfully appointed and said the president should appoint an independent caretaker prime minister to dissolve parliament and call a general election.

Abrogating the 1997 constitution, Iloilo said he would install a new ‘legal order’.

‘New judicial appointments will need to be made for all judges, magistrates and other judicial officers,’ he said.

Iloilo assured the country that he had the full backing of the security forces and said he had directed Bainimarama, who remains head of the military, ‘to take all reasonable steps’ to ensure peace is maintained.

United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called for calm in Fiji and urged ‘full respect for human rights, the rule of law and the judicial process’, in a statement issued by his spokeswoman.

New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully dubbed the development ‘a serious step backwards’ for Fiji and its 837,000 people.

‘The president’s decision, no doubt prompted by the commodore, to override the constitution, sack the judges and depend upon the military to keep an unlawful regime in power will compound the already serious economic difficulties confronted by Fiji,’ McCully said.

‘It will also further delay the point at which the international community can give Fiji the help that is urgently needed.’

Bainimarama stepped down Thursday as prime minister, telling the nation: ‘The ruling of the Court of Appeal and its refusal to grant a stay pending appeal means, in practical terms, that we effectively do not have a prime minister or any ministers of the state.

‘In other words we do not have a government in place.’

Bainimarama has refused calls by New Zealand, Australia, the European Union, the US and the Pacific Islands Forum to restore democracy by holding elections this year.

The Court of Appeal ruling overturned a decision by the High Court that held that Bainimarama’s regime, which ousted the elected government headed by Laisenia Qarase, was legitimate.

But the panel rejected a call by attorneys for Qarase to reinstate him pending new elections.

Bainimarama, who accused Qarase’s government of being corrupt and biased in favour of the indigenous Fijian majority against the ethnic Indian minority, has refused to go to the polls until a new one-man, one-vote electoral system is in place.

He said the existing system was to blame for the four coups and army mutiny that have devastated Fiji’s fragile economy since 1987 and divided the South Pacific nation.

Military coup was illegal, rules Fiji court

Wellington, April 9 (DPA) Fiji’s Court of Appeal Thursday ruled that the military coup that ousted an elected government in December 2006 was illegal, according to reports from the capital Suva.

The court ruled that military strongman Voreqe Bainimarama’s government was unlawfully appointed and the president should appoint an independent caretaker prime minister to dissolve parliament and call a general election.

Bainimarama, who appointed himself prime minister after taking over, has refused calls by New Zealand, Australia, the European Union, the US and the Pacific Islands Forum to restore democracy by holding fresh elections this year.

The decision of the three judges of the Court of Appeal overturned a decision by the High Court that held that Bainimarama’s regime was legitimate.

But the panel rejected a call by attorneys for ousted prime minister Laisenia Qarase that he be reinstated pending new elections, the independent Fijilive website reported.

Bainimarama, who accused Qarase’s government of being corrupt and biased in favour of the indigenous Fijian majority against the ethnic Indian minority, has refused to go to the polls until a new one-man, one-vote electoral system is in place.

He said the existing system was to blame for the four coups and army mutiny that have devastated Fiji’s fragile economy since 1987 and divided the South Pacific nation, which has a population of 837,270, according to a 2007 census.

Census figures showed that 25,000 Indians left the troubled country from 1996 to 2007 while the number of indigenous Fijians rose by more than 82,000.

The Court of Appeal granted Solicitor-General Christopher Pryde leave to appeal its judgement while refusing his application to grant a stay on its decision, Fijilive reported.

Meanwhile, four political parties were excluded from a dialogue forum of political leaders that Bainimarama called Thursday to discuss a solution to Fiji’s political and constitutional crisis.

Qarase said the four parties represented the majority of Fiji’s voters and could not be left out of the discussions.

Fiji president takes over, says will name new govt

Fiji’s president revoked the politically unstable South Pacific nation’s constitution on Friday, named himself to temporarily replace a post-coup interim government and called for fresh elections by 2014.

President Ratu Josefa Iloilo said he would soon appoint a new interim government but gave no firm time-frame. His actions come after an administration headed by military commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama since a bloodless December 2006 coup was declared illegal by Fiji’s Court of Appeal on Thursday.

Fiji has suffered four coups and a bloody military mutiny since 1987, mainly as a result of tensions between the majority indigenous Fijian population and the economically powerful ethnic Indian minority.

Iloilo’s plans will likely further harm Fiji’s international relations, already strained after Bainimarama went back on a promise to hold elections in the first quarter of 2009.

Fiji was suspended from the Commonwealth, a grouping of 53 mainly former British colonies, after Bainimarama’s 2006 coup. The United States and European Union imposed sanctions until the tourism- and sugar-reliant island nation held elections.

Bainimarama says Fiji must first change its racially based electoral system, which he blames for past instability.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton earlier this week urged Bainimarama to restore democracy, backing a demand by South Pacific leaders for elections this year.

Australia and New Zealand, Fiji’s main trading partners and biggest aid donors, have refused entry to any member of the Fiji military, government and their families since the 2006 coup.

Australia condemned Iloilo’s decision to abrogate the constitution and backed the appeal court’s ruling, which included a recommendation for prompt elections.

“This is the right course for Fiji and the only way forward for the people of Fiji,” Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said in a statement on Friday.

ELECTIONS BY 2014

Fiji should hold fresh elections by 2014, Iloilo said in a national broadcast from his presidential residence set in sprawling grounds overlooking the harbour in the capital, Suva.

“I am sure you will all work together with me and the soon-to-be appointed interim government to ensure that this transition to a new legal order is not only smooth but will reap many benefits for us and the future generations and resolve many of our long outstanding and systematic problems,” the ageing and ailing Iloilo said.

Iloilo appointed Bainimarama prime minister after the military leader toppled former premier Laisenia Qarase, who he accused of corruption and being soft on the leaders of another coup in 2000.

Iloilo’s election timetable and call for electoral reforms mirror those of Bainimarama, whom he is known to favour.

“It has brought about reforms. It has created opportunities for new ideas. It has adhered to my mandate,” Iloilo said of Bainimarama’s government.

“It has had a positive impact on the lives of our people in particular the ordinary citizens of our country, including those in the rural areas,” he said.

Qarase had asked the court of appeal to overturn an earlier High Court ruling that Bainimarama’s government was legal.

Iloilo sacked three judges involved in Thursday’s ruling.

Fiji appeals court rules military coup was illegal

Wellington – Fiji’s Court of Appeal ruled Thursday that the military coup that ousted an elected government in December 2006 was illegal, according to reports from the capital, Suva.

The court ruled that military strongman Voreqe Bainimarama’s government was unlawfully appointed and the president should appoint an independent caretaker prime minister to dissolve Parliament and call a general election.

Bainimarama, who appointed himself prime minister after taking over, has refused calls by New Zealand, Australia, the European Union, the United States and the Pacific Islands Forum to restore democracy by holding fresh elections this year.

The decision of the three judges of the Court of Appeal overturned a decision by the High Court that held that Bainimarama’s regime was legitimate.

But the panel rejected a call by attorneys for ousted prime minister Laisenia Qarase that he be reinstated pending new elections, given the length of time since his removal, the independent Fijilive website reported.

Bainimarama, who accused Qarase’s government of being corrupt and biased in favour of the indigenous Fijian majority against the ethnic Indian minority, has refused to go to the polls until a new one-man, one-vote electoral system is in place.

He said the existing system was to blame for the four coups and army mutiny that have devastated Fiji’s fragile economy since 1987 and divided the South Pacific nation, which has a population of 837,270, according to a 2007 census.

Census figures showed that 25,000 Indians left the troubled country from 1996 to 2007 while the number of indigenous Fijians rose by more than 82,000.

The Court of Appeal granted Solicitor-General Christopher Pryde leave to appeal its judgement while refusing his application to grant a stay on its decision, Fijilive reported.

Meanwhile, four political parties, including Qarase’s own, were excluded from a dialogue forum of political leaders that Bainimarama called for Thursday to discuss a solution to Fiji’s political and constitutional crisis.

Qarase said the four parties represented the majority of Fiji’s voters and could not be left out of the discussions. (dpa)

Oz consumer body tells Coke to correct myth-related ad

Sydney, Apr.2 (ANI): The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission has ordered soft drink giant Coca-Cola to correct its controversial “Motherhood and Myth-Busting” advertising campaign featuring actor Kerry Armstrong.

Using the wholesome motherly image of Armstrong to convince parents the soft drink was “kiddy-safe”, the advertisements claimed Coca-Cola did not make children fat, did not rot their teeth and was not packed with large amounts of caffeine. Such claims were myths, Armstrong vowed in full-page print advertisements that ran nationally throughout October last year.

“Coke’s messages were totally unacceptable, creating an impression which is likely to mislead that Coca-Cola cannot contribute to weight gain, obesity and tooth decay,” the Sydney Morning Herald quoted ACCC chairman, Graeme Samuel, as saying.

“[The ads] also had the potential to mislead parents about the potential consequences of consuming Coca-Cola,” Samuel added.

Today, Coca-Cola South Pacific gave the ACCC court-enforceable undertakings to publish corrective advertisements in The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, The Australian, The Courier Mail, the Adelaide Advertiser, The West Australian, and the Hobart Mercury, as well as on the company’s own website.

The correct levels of caffeine for Coca-Cola, Diet Coca-Cola and Coca-Cola Zero must be included in the corrective advertisements, the ACCC ruled, because of the false claims in the original campaign that the soft drink contained the same amount of caffeine as tea brewed from leaves or bags. (ANI)

Pakistani writer Mohammed Hanif nominated for Commonwealth prize

Islamabad, Mar 1 (ANI): Pakistani writer Mohammed Hanif, author of ‘A Case of Exploding Mangoes’, has been shortlisted for the 2009 Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for the Best First Book from Europe and South Asia.

Other nominations for Best First Book are Sulaiman Addonia for ‘The Consequences of Love’, Daniel Clay for ‘Broken’, Joe Dunthome for ‘Submarine’, and Murzaban F Shroff for ‘Breathless in Bombay’, reports The Daily Times.

Professor Makarand Paranjape from India, Dr Durre Sameen Ahmed from Pakistan and Dr Alex Tickell from UK chaired the judging panel for the Europe and South Asia region.

The two Europe and South Asia regional winners will be announced on 12th March.

They will go on to compete with the other six finalists from Africa, Canada and the Caribbean, South East Asia and the South Pacific for the overall Best Book and Best First Book award.

The two overall winners, chosen by an international panel of six judges coming together in New Zealand, will be announced on 16th May at the Auckland Writers and Readers Festival (AWRF).

Each of the regional winners will receive 1,000 pounds and in addition be invited to take part in a week-long series of community events and public readings alongside the final judging in New Zealand, culminating in the announcement of the two overall winners for Best First Book and Best Book.

The overall Best Book winner will receive 10,000 pounds and the overall Best First Book winner will receive 5,000 pounds.

The six contenders for the Best Book Award are Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Chris Cleave, David Lodge, Shashi Deshpande and Philip Hensher.

The Commonwealth Writers’ Prize is organised and funded by the Commonwealth Foundation with the support of the Macquarie Group Foundation.

The prize, now in its 23rd year, celebrates cutting-edge fiction across the four regions of the Commonwealth: Africa; Canada and the Caribbean; Europe and South Asia and South East Asia and the South Pacific. (ANI)

Delhi becomes popular destination for Brit tourists amid recession

London, February 23 (ANI): Delhi has experienced a significant growth in becoming a popular destination amongst Brit tourists, and recession is to take the credit, say reports.

According to Opodo.co.uk, an online travel service, flights from Britain to the Indian capital were up by as much as 165 per cent.

The reason was accorded to holidaymakers’ preference for a long-haul travel in place of short city breaks against the weakening pound.

Other destinations to have felt the increased bookings were Melbourne with 400 per cent, and Singapore with 219 per cent.

Caroline Noble, Opodo UK country director, revealed the booking patterns were a sign that vacationers were dumping cities for one longer holiday outside the country.

“Bookings to Africa, Asia and the South Pacific have dramatically increased for summer 2009 whereas European cities are struggling, with Paris, Athens and Florence all reporting negative growth year-on-year,” the Scotsman quoted her as saying.

“We are also noticing that our customers are booking short-haul much later this year with the economic uncertainty, so we expect to see bookings increase as they book short holidays later in the year to complement the longer one they have already booked for further afield,” she added.

Top 10 destinations with the biggest growth this year are:

1. Melbourne – up 400%

2. Singapore up 219%

3. Delhi – up 165%

4. Brisbane up 115%

5. Orlando – up 90%

6. Sydney – up 81%

7. Washington – up 68%

8. Johannesburg – up 56%

9. Hong Kong up 43%

10.Kuala Lumpur – 41% (ANI)