US politician caught plagiarising Obama speech

London, May 26 (IANS) A Republican congressional candidate has been accused of plagiarising US President Barack Obama’s speech on ‘the crossroads of history’.

Vaughn Ward, a former US Marine Corps officer and CIA operative, was running for the Republican congressional nomination in an election held Tuesday in Idaho.

The Telegraph reported Wednesday that Lucas Baumbach, a local party activist, tracked down a YouTube video that showed a strong similarity between Ward’s speech in January and Obama’s address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention.

Obama said: ‘We stand on the crossroads of history. We can make the right choices and meet the challenges that face us.’

Ward said: ‘As we stand on the crossroads of history, I know we can make the right choices and meet the challenges that lay before us.’

There were a few more striking similarities between the two speeches.

Ward’s spokesperson, however, said: ‘Folks are getting desperate-they’re saying anything to get Vaughn to go after him. If anyone thinks he’s anything like Obama, they’re dead wrong.’

INTERVIEW – Honduras team helped defuse tensions – Rueda

Honduras may have tortilla thin chances of getting past the first round at the World Cup but the team’s achievement has helped unite the country amid the political crisis last year, coach Reinaldo Rueda said.

Colombian Rueda told Reuters he saw a similarity, though on a much smaller scale, with Nelson Mandela’s South Africa and the Rugby World Cup in 1995 when reading the book “Playing the Enemy”.

“I read that book and I thought about what we are doing here…It’s a Latin American theme,” Rueda said in an interview at a hotel in the capital Tegucigalpa, shaken last year by a coup.

Rueda also recalled the job his compatriot Hernan Gomez had done in Ecuador, overcoming the racial divide between the Andean capital and the Pacific coast to steer them to their first World Cup in 2002.

The 53-year-old from Cali said he had come to the conclusion after taking the Honduras job in 2007 that the way to improve the national team was to break down the Central American country’s racial and social prejudices.

“I think it was a coincidence,” he said of his staff’s work and the presidential crisis.

“We had set ourselves the goal since 2007, after analysing the regional rivalries here, that the national team…should be a unifying factor in the country and we would have to win that on the pitch,” he said.

“So we were on that road, two years on, when the events of June 28 occurred and that had other connotations, not just regional rivalries but also political ones with conflict and polarisation.

“It coincided with the final straight in the World Cup qualifiers and the national team became a great cause in reuniting families, liberating tensions.”

DECISIVE MATCH

Rueda said a home match against Costa Rica, a 4-0 victory, in August was decisive.

“The political divisions were still strong and there the people were able to free their tension, embrace each other, as if finding each other again,” he said.

“With qualification in October, practically a month and half from the elections, Hondurans recovered their nationalistic mystique, their self esteem, motivation, their pride in their flag and their country.”

This has inevitably led to Hondurans feeling theirs could be a surprise team at the finals in South Africa starting on June 11, to the point that the gains of qualification might be lost in the disappointment of failure.

“The biggest challenge will be to get through the first round and be prepared to assimilate the two situations (win or lose) in the same way,” he said.

With Group H rivals Chile, favourites Spain and Switzerland, in that order, it would be remarkable if Honduras were to finish in the top two.

“But there’s the illusion of having to play for it all on the pitch, that everything’s possible in football and the important thing here is for directors, media, everyone to ensure the fans do not feel frustrated, deceived, disillusioned when there is an adverse result.”

HONDURAN CITIZENSHIP

Rueda, who said he did not know if he would stay in the job, has been granted Honduran citizenship for his work at the helm of the team.

“It’s a nice distinction that I take as recognition of our work (as a coaching staff),” he said.

“For me the best thing we’ve been able to do here, above going to the World Cup, is recover the confidence, the credibility of the people in the national team.

“There was a lot of scepticism, mistrust, a very heavy atmosphere around the players, a lack of respect.”

Rueda said his staff had worked very well, with a commitment “that may have been the result of what happened to us in Colombia, everything we learnt that we were able to transfer here.”

Colombia began the qualifiers for the 2006 World Cup in Germany poorly and after four games sacked “Pacho” Maturana and appointed Rueda, who did such a good job that his country only just missed out on the fifth-place playoff.

“We missed out by one point,” said Rueda.

“The project was for 2010 but (the team’s) reaction was so good that everyone raised their hopes. Then came pressure from the media and sponsors, the cessation of the contract and the chance to come to Honduras.”

(Editing by Justin Palmer;

To query or comment on this story email sportsfeedback@thomsonreuters.com)

Newly discovered exoplanet may have water

Washington, March 19 (ANI): Scientists have suggested that the newly discovered planet Corot-9b is temperate enough to allow the presence of liquid water.

Corot-9b was found on 16 May 2008 and orbits its star every 95.274 days, a little longer than Mercury takes to go round the Sun.

It is the first transiting planet to have both a longer period and a near-circular orbit.

A transit is a kind of eclipse and occurs when a celestial body passes in front of its host star and blocks some but not all of the star’s light.

Corot-9b’s orbit is slightly elliptical but at closest approach to its parent star it reaches a distance of 54 million kilometers.

Although that is only about the distance of Mercury in our Solar System, it is by far the largest orbit of any transiting planet found so far.

Because it orbits a star cooler than our Sun, calculations estimate that Corot-9b’s temperature could lie somewhere between -23 degrees C and 157 degrees C.

Corot-9b has a radius around 1.05 times that of Jupiter but only 84 percent of the mass. This leads to a density of 0.90 g/cc, or 68 percent that of Jupiter.

“Corot-9b is the first exoplanet that is definitely similar to a planet in our Solar System,” said Hans Deeg, a researcher at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.

The similarity is caused by the fact that Corot-9b is sufficiently far from its star to prevent tidal forces from heating its interior.

Tidal forces are created by the strength of gravity weakening from the front to back of the celestial body.

When the difference between the near side and the far side is great, the tidal force can prevent the planet from spinning quickly, forcing it to only show one face to the star.

It can also provide heat to the interior of the planet, changing its physical condition.

Based on calculations, neither of these is possible in this case.

“Although we don’t know, because we can’t see the planet directly, there is reason to believe that this planet has a normal day-night cycle,” said Malcolm Fridlund, ESA Project Scientist for Corot.

It means that lacking a tidal heat source, Corot-9b’s interior is likely to have remained similar to the gas giants in our Solar System. (ANI)

Quake wakes NSW mid-north coast

An earthquake shook residents on the mid-north coast of New South Wales from their sleep this morning.

Geoscience Australia says it happened just off Nelson Bay, north of Newcastle, around 3:30am (AEDT) and was measured with a magnitude of 3.3.

Several residents at Nelson Bay felt shaking and called police.

Fire crews also responded to reports of an explosion on the Tomaree Peninsula.

Anna Bay resident Lindsay Brown says he feared the worst because of the similarity to the devastating 1989 Newcastle earthquake.

“The Newcastle one sprang to mind straight away because we were here at that time as well,” he said.

“It felt very similar so the Newcastle one at Boat Harbour, just felt like a minor tremor, and I remember being quite shocked at the damage that caused so nearby.

“So I was just wondering if it had been a stronger quake somewhere nearby this time.”

Tea Gardens resident Graham was also concerned.

“It was so quiet and then all of a sudden there was a slight rumble followed by ten seconds later by the house shaking,” he said.

The Director of the Australian Seismological Centre, Kevin McCue, says the quake’s shockwaves radiated along the eastern seaboard.

“It was recorded throughout south eastern Australia right down as far as Melbourne,” he said.

Geoscience Australia initially said the earthquake had a 3.4 magnitude and struck 80 kilometres off Forster.

‘Main Aur Mrs Khanna’ all set to woo audience

Mumbai, Sep 9 (ANI): Bollywood’s latest romantic drama featuring some of the top actors is all set to woo the audiences with its originality.

Directed by, Prem Soni, ‘Main Aur Mrs Khanna’, is an unusual story of passion, love and an extra-marital affair.

The film starring Kareena Kapoor, Salman Khan and Sohail Khan is a simple ordinary story set in a contemporary fashion.

Targeted at the youth, the film also deals with the issues surrounding career over love which is one of the main reasons for an unstable marriage in today’s time.

“It is an original film with original storyline. Coming from close people of mine, family friends. So it’s sketched from there. So its completely original, no similarity whatsoever,” said Prem Soni, director.

The film revolves around the lives of Samir Khanna, played by Salman Khan and Raina, played by Kareena Kapoor, who have a fairy tale marriage.

Samir gets his dream job and the couple have a great life until one mistake ruins it all.

According to Kareena, the film has been made from the point of view of the woman and is a journey of a girl’s life.

“For me, I think the girl’s role was very strong. She is the protagonist of the film. Whatever story is told in the film is from her point of view. So it’s a journey of a girl’s life and after marriage, after she gets married to Samir, how she makes a friend and what happens. For me it was a contemporary idea and an interesting role for me,” said Kareena.

The film is set to be released at Diwali. (ANI)

Twilight author Stephenie Meyer accused of plagiarism

London, Aug 21 (ANI): Twilight author Stephenie Meyer has been accused of plagiarism by an American woman.

Jordan Scott has alleged that the 2008 novel Breaking Dawn has a “striking and substantial similarity” to her 2006 fantasy The Nocturne.

She has now sent a cease and desist letter to the publishers of the fourth book in the hit Twilight series.

Scott has also filed a lawsuit to stop the sale of the novel and seek damages, reports the Daily Express.

According to TMZ.com, Scott notes in legal document that the two texts “show striking, articulable and substantial similarities in the… plot lines, themes, dialogue, mood, setting, pace, characters, sequence of events (and) ideas.”

Another argument is that the new book is a “significant literary departure from (Meyer’s) early books” and appears to be “written by a teenager” – just as Jordan’s novel does, as she started writing it when she was just 15.

However, Meyer insists that the charges are “completely without merit.”

This is not just the first time that Meyer has been accused of plagiarism.

Her former college roommate Heidi Stanton had filed a lawsuit earlier this year claiming that the hit series was based on a short story she wrote while both of them studied at Brigham Young University, Utah. (ANI)

Dogs understand gestures as well as 2-year-old kids

Washington, July 14 (ANI): Dogs understand human pointing gestures as well as two-year-old children, according to two studies.

Also, the studies found that due to domestication, dogs appear to be predisposed to read other human visual signals, including head turning and gazing, reports Discovery News.

People often use baby talk, scientifically known as “motherese,” with both children and their pet dogs, allowing canines and kids to receive similar social stimulation.

Since chimpanzees and other non-human primates often fail to understand human pointing gestures, the studies suggest dogs may understand humans better than even our closest living animal relatives do.n the first study, Gabriella Lakatos, a researcher in the Department of Ethology at Eotvos University, lead author of the first study, and her colleagues used a combination of finger-, elbow-, leg- and knee-pointing gestures to help dogs locate hidden food and, for children, a favourite toy.

The researchers found that two-year-olds and dogs understood everything except knee pointing and when the experimenter’s index finger pointed in a different direction than the protruding arm.

For example, they were confused when the individual raised an arm in a certain direction, but used her finger to point the other way.

In the second study, Marta Gacsi, also of Eotvos University, and her team analyzed 180 dogs of various ages to see how development and individual differences affect their understanding of human pointing.

They determined “the dogs showed no difference in the performance according to age, indicating that in dogs the comprehension of the human pointing may require only very limited and rapid early learning to fully develop.”

Lakatos, however, warned in thinking that dogs are just like furry two-year-old children.

“Any behavioral similarity or similar performance between dogs and children should be investigated separately in each case,” she said.

“Just to give an example for a reverse case: nobody has tried to herd a flock of sheep with two-year-old (human children),” she added.

The study has been published in the current issue of Animal Cognition. (ANI)

Swine flu virus more dangerous than previously believed

London, July 14 (ANI): In a new, highly detailed study of swine flu virus, H1N1, researchers have found that the pathogen is more virulent than previously believed.

Led by University of Wisconsin-Madison virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka, the study has found that the H1N1 virus exhibits an ability to infect cells deep in the lungs, where it can cause pneumonia and, in severe cases, death.

Seasonal viruses typically infect only cells in the upper respiratory system.

“There is a misunderstanding about this virus. People think this pathogen may be similar to seasonal influenza. This study shows that is not the case. There is clear evidence the virus is different than seasonal influenza,” Nature magazine quoted Kawaoka as saying.

He says that the ability to infect the lungs is a quality frighteningly similar to those of other pandemic viruses, notably the 1918 virus, which killed tens of millions of people at the tail end of World War I.

The study has also found another similarity to the 1918 virus-people born before 1918 harbour antibodies that protect against the new H1N1 virus.

Kawaoka reveals that the virus could become even more pathogenic as the current pandemic runs its course, and the virus evolves to acquire new features.

It is now flu season in the world’s southern hemisphere, and the virus is expected to return in force to the northern hemisphere during the fall and winter flu season.

For the study, the researchers infected different groups of mice, ferrets and non-human primates with the pandemic virus and a seasonal flu virus.

They found that the H1N1 virus replicates much more efficiently in the respiratory system than seasonal flu, and causes severe lesions in the lungs similar to those caused by other more virulent types of pandemic flu.

“When we conducted the experiments in ferrets and monkeys, the seasonal virus did not replicate in the lungs. The H1N1 virus replicates significantly better in the lungs,” said Kawaoka.

The study also assessed the immune response of different groups to the new virus, and, surprisingly, found that people exposed to the 1918 virus, all of whom are now in advanced old age, have antibodies that neutralize the H1N1 virus.

The study also indicated that existing and experimental antiviral drugs could form an effective first line of defence against the virus and slow its spread. (ANI)

Locusts’ brains may provide clues to curing migraines, stroke

Washington, July 4 (ANI): Queen’s University biologists have revealed that insight into the locust’s brain may offer a novel way to manipulate human brain to stave off diseases like migraines, stroke, and epilepsy.

The researchers said that a similarity in brain disturbance between the insect and human sufferers of migraines, stroke, and epilepsy could open pathways for development of new drug therapies.

The study showed that the ability of the insect to resist entering the coma, and the speed of its recovery, can be manipulated using drugs that target one of the cellular signalling pathways in the brain.

“This suggests that similar treatments in humans might be able to modify the thresholds or severity of migraine and stroke,” said Gary Armstrong, who is completing his PhD research in Biology professor Mel Robertson’s laboratory.

“What particularly excites me is that in one of our locust models, inhibition of the targeted pathway completely suppresses the brain disturbance in 70 per cent of animals,” Dr. Robertson added.

The same researchers previously showed that locusts go into a coma as a way of shutting down and conserving energy, when conditions are dangerous.

The cellular responses in the locust are similar to the response of brain cells at the onset of a migraine. (ANI)

‘DNA Sudoku’ to revolutionise genome sequencing, medical genetics

Washington, June 25 (ANI): Sudoku, the popular mathematics puzzle that has taken people by storm, is now set to revolutionize the world of genome sequencing and the field of medical genetics, according to a new study.

Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) have combined 2,000-year-old Chinese math theorem with concepts from cryptologyto develop what they dubbed as the “DNA Sudoku”, because of its similarity to the logic and combinatorial number-placement rules used in the popular game.

The strategy allows tens of thousands of DNA samples to be combined, and their sequences – the order in which the letters of the DNA alphabet (A, T, G, and C) line up in the genome – to be determined all at once.

The accomplishment is quiet contrary to past approaches that allowed only a single DNA sample to be sequenced at a time.

It also has an upper hand on current approaches that, at best, can combine hundreds of samples for sequencing.

“In theory, it is possible to use the Sudoku method to sequence more than a hundred thousand DNA samples,” said CSHL Professor Gregory Hannon, leader of the team that invented the “Sudoku” approach.

With such efficiency, the approach promises to reduce costs dramatically.

The new method has tremendous potential for clinical applications. It can be used, for example to analyse specific regions of the genomes of a large population and identify individuals who carry mutations that cause genetic diseases – a process known as genotyping.

The key to the team’s innovation is the pooling strategy, which is based on the 2,000-year-old Chinese remainder theorem.

The method is currently best suited for genotype analyses that require only short segments of an individual’s genome to be sequenced to find out if the individual is carrying a certain variant of a gene or a rare mutation.

However, with the improvement in sequencing technologies and researchers gaining the ability to generate sequences for longer segments of the genome, Hannon envisions wider clinical applications for their method such as HLA typing, already an important diagnostic tool for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and for predicting the risk of organ transplantation.

The report will be published as the cover story in the July 1 issue of the journal Genome Research.(ANI)

Older population may be less prone to swine flu after past exposures to H1N1 strains

Washington, June 19 (ANI): A Rhode Island Hospital expert believes the swine flu virus may have enough similarity to the previously circulated H1N1 strains or those used in past vaccines, and thus it may lead to protection of older individuals.

Leonard Mermel, an infectious diseases specialist at the hospital, has identified characteristics of the outbreak of H1N1 in 1977 and speculated its impact on the current pandemic in a letter to the editor, published in the journal the Lancet.

Mermel notes that in the late 1970s, an influenza H1N1 reappeared in humans. It had a pandemic-like spread that began in younger aged individuals.

He points out that the strain, known as the “Russian flu” H1N1, was similar to H1N1 strains that circulated internationally between 1946 and 1957.

The expert further writes in the letter that the Russian flu spread rapidly across the former Soviet Union, initially affecting individuals between the ages of 14 and 20 in schools, as well as young military personnel, and later spread to preschool children.

Individuals older than age 30, however, had dramatically lower attack rates and the overall mortality was low. The epidemic peaked rapidly, with a relatively short duration.

According to the letter, the first outbreak of the Russian flu in the US occurred in a Wyoming high school. The attack rate there was over 70 percent, but it affected students only and no faculty were reported to have the illness.

High attack rates were seen in schools as well as military bases throughout the US, similar to the outbreak in Russia. There were few reports of the H1N1 strain in individuals older than age 26, and again, the mortality rate was low.

In his commentary, Mermel hypothesizes that older population may have had enough exposure to past H1N1 flu strains to avoid infection. (ANI)

Sikh diaspora condemns violence and appeals for peace

Amritsar, May 27 (ANI): Sikh leaders and diaspora across world have condemned the violence in Vienna and in Punjab.

Talking from San Francisco, Dr. Pritpal Singh, the convener of the American Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee (AGPC), said:

“Violence has never been a solution of any problem. If there are any differences, they should be solved through dialogue.”

He said Sikhs were having strong relationship with the “Dalit Samaj” and this brotherhood should continue. He appealed to the Government of Punjab to take appropriate measures to restore peace in the state.

After 9/11 in US, Sikhs living in US and other parts of the world were mistakenly identified with Arabs due to similarity in appearance. Sikhs leaders opine that such acts of violence give a jolt to the peaceful Sikh community worldwide.

Ranjit Singh Masuta, a Sikh leader in Switzerland, said the Government of Punjab should strongly take action against those who have disrupted public life over the last few days.

“We already have been victimizing for mistaken identity of the Sikhs. Such incidents could further damaged the image of the Sikhs living outside India,” a worried Masuta said. r. Rajwant Singh, the Chairman of the Sikh Council on Religion and Education (SCORE), in Washington DC, said: “We condemn the violence which took place in Vienna, Austria. He said it need to be categorically condemned by all Sikhs without going into the merits of the issue. No issue requires taking law into your own hand no matter what the provocation is. We are saddened by this terrible tragedy. We appeal everyone to maintain peace and calm at all cost.”armjit Singh Sarna, the President of the Delhi Sikh Management Committee (DSGMC), said there are many other ways to tackle the problems besides violence.

He said that those who follow Sikhism should also know the Sikh code of conduct as evolved by the Akal Takht Sahib, the high temporal seat of the Sikhs. He appeals to the people of Punjab to maintain the peace that has comes after long time.

Alleging that the Government of Punjab has failed to restore peace in Punjab, he said a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) inquiry should be conducted against the Punjab Government..xpressing concern over the present Sikh issue, Ragubir Singh, a Sikh leader from France said that such incidents undoubtedly cause a major setback to Sikh interests at the international level.

He said that we already have been working hard day and night to convey the European Government about the peace loving Sikh community. He said that we must keep larger interest of the community when we confront with various differences within the community.t is pertinent to mention that in France and in other European countries Sikhs have been facing problem like wearing Turban and their other religious symbols.

Meanwhile, the Jathedar Akal Takht, Gyani Gurbachan Singh, has expressed sympathy and solidarity with the victims of Vienna incident and urged their followers in Punjab to maintain peace and tranquility. By Ravinder Singh Robin (ANI)

Past experiences do come in handy while making complex decisions

Washington, May 14 (ANI): Past experiences do come in handy when people have to make complex decisions based on uncertain or confusing information, according to a study.

Funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the study has shown that learning from experience actually changes the circuitry in the brain, and so a person can quickly categorise what he/she is seeing and make a decision or carry out appropriate actions.

“What we have found is that learning from past experience actually rewires our brains so that we can categorise the things we are looking at, and respond appropriately to them in any context,” said lead researcher Dr. Zoe Kourtzi, from the University of Birmingham.

“We have shown that this learning process is not just a matter of learning the structure of the physical world – when I look at something I’m not just playing a game of ‘snap’ in my head where I try to match images to each other. In fact, areas in our brains are actually trained to learn the rules that determine the way we interpret sensory information,” the researcher added.

Kourtzi’s team wanted to find out about the human brain mechanisms that mediate flexible decision making through learning, which have so far not been well understood, despite it being fairly clear that successful decisions benefit from previous experience.

The researchers combined measurements of behaviour and brain signals to study how volunteers learnt to discriminate between highly similar visual patterns and to assign them in different categories.

They used two different rules to assign visual patterns into categories, and, consequently, patterns belonging to the same category based on one of the rules could be members of different categories based on the alternate rule.

“This flexible learning paradigm allowed us to test for brain changes related to the perceived rather than the physical similarity between visual patterns. Our use of brain imaging in combination with mathematical techniques enabled us to extract sensitive information about brain signals that reflected the participant’s choice,” said Kourtzi.

“What we’ve shown is that we don’t just get better at the task of picking out a familiar face amongst a crowd, for example. Our results tell us that previous experience can train circuits in our brains to recognise perceived categories rather than simply the physical similarity between visual patterns.

“Based on what we found, we propose that learned information about categories is actually retained in brain circuits in the posterior areas of the brain. From there we think it is fed through to circuits in frontal areas that translate this information into flexible decisions and appropriate actions depending on the requirements and context of the task,” added Kourtzi.

Dr Janet Allen, Director of Research, BBSRC said: “We have to be able to understand how healthy brains work before we can see what has gone wrong when a person’s brain is affected by disease. This work also shows that the complex human brain has evolved an incredibly effective mechanism for making good decisions that lead to successful everyday actions – something that has surely been a significant evolutionary advantage.”

The study has been reported in the journal Neuron. (ANI)

Priyanka Chopra finds ‘Pyaar Impossible’

Mumbai, May 13 (ANI): Bollywood actor Priyanka Chopra launched a website on her upcoming movie ‘Pyaar Impossible’ here on Tuesday.

The website named www.pyaarimpossible.in is launched for Bollywood fans to take a sneak peak into the updates of the movie before it is released.

“It is very exciting. We have launched the ‘Pyaar Impossible’ website and I don’t think there has been a follow up in any films. Everyday, every-three four days randomly, whenever there will be anything interesting, there will be an update on the website,” said Chopra.

The romantic comedy is seen as a bid to re-launch Uday Chopra’s acting image by Yashraj films.

Uday plays the lead along with Priyanka.

“The story is very different. The fact is that here is a guy who is in love with this woman. She is somebody who is totally out of his league. It’s probably again the only similarity. Besides it is a romantic comedy which is very different from the T.V series,” said Priyanka.

The film directed by Jugal Hansraj is all set to go to Bangkok for a one-and-a-half month shooting schedule. (ANI)

Genes of swine flu dissimilar to those of past pandemic flu strains

Washington, May 7 (ANI): Scientists have found that the genes of swine flu are dissimilar to those of past pandemic flu strains.

Jonathan Allen and Tom Slezak from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, America, have revealed that most of the genetic markers of influenza infection severity, which have been identified from past outbreaks, were not found in samples of the current swine-flu strain.

The researchers published their analysis identifying 34 conserved amino acid markers from past pandemic flu strains two weeks ago.

They have since studied sequences from the new virus, and found that only about half of their 34 markers are present.

Slezak said: “This lack of similarity does not necessarily mean that the current H1N1 virus is not going to be a major problem, but it does suggest that it lacks many of the attributes that have made previous outbreaks deadly.”

Although their work appears to suggest that the current virus may not be as dangerous as feared, the researchers admit that further research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

The researchers have reported their findings in the journal BMC Microbiology. (ANI)

Africans are the most diverse people on Earth, suggests DNA analysis

London, May 1 (ANI): In a new DNA based study, an international team of scientists has suggested that the Africans are the most diverse people on Earth, as they originated from 14 ancestral groups that mixed freely with each other to create the distinct populations that exist today.

According to a report in Nature News, the study, which included a wide-ranging DNA analysis of Africans, revealed a detailed picture of the continent’s rich genetic diversity, as well as traces of the evolutionary history and migrations of various groups.

Modern humans first evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, before migrating to other parts of the world. Today, Africa has more than 2,000 groups with different ethnicities and languages.

But, genetic studies of Africans have been limited to small numbers of populations or have not covered large parts of the genome.

Although geneticists knew that Africans show more genetic diversity within groups than non-Africans do, the details of genome-wide variation in many populations remained unclear.

“We just didn’t know as much as we should about African population genetics,” said Molly Przeworski, from the University of Chicago.

A team led by geneticist Sarah Tishkoff of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia has now published research that includes DNA samples from 2,432 Africans from 113 populations, including groups in Nigeria, Cameroon, Tanzania, Kenya and the Sudan plus non-African samples from Yemen.

They looked for differences at 1,327 sites in the genome and combined the results with existing genetic data from 8 African and 59 non-African groups.

The team then ran statistical analyses to cluster the individuals by genetic similarity and determine their ancestry.

The results confirm that Africans have the highest within-population diversity worldwide, and suggest that they originated from 14 ancestral groups.

Most African populations seem to show genetic traces from multiple ancestral groups, supporting previous archaeological and linguistic evidence for migrations across the continent that would have led to mixing.

The analysis also suggests that hunter-gatherers from different regions and cultures, including pygmies in central Africa and click-language groups in southern Africa, may have descended from one ancestral population.

The genetic clusters generally aligned with ethnicity and language, although the team found exceptions in cases where groups had lost, or possibly replaced, their languages.

While the overall results are not surprising, the study gives a fine-scaled view of genetic variation across a large number of African populations, according to Noah Rosenberg, a geneticist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, who plans to collaborate with Tishkoff.

“They show just how much diversity in Africa actually exists,” he said. (ANI)

Study links prenatal exposure to Hong Kong Flu to intelligence decline in adulthood

Washington, April 16 (ANI): A new study has linked prenatal exposure to the Hong Kong Flu, which claimed more than 700,000 deaths worldwide in the late 1960s, to reduced intelligence in adulthood.

Writing about the study, Dr. Willy Eriksen of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health has revealed that it involved records of more than 180,000 men born between 1967 and 1973 who served in the military.

Military service is compulsory for young men in Norway, who are evaluated medically and psychologically before they enter the service, according to background information in the study report.

Eriksen further reveals that the intelligence test data used in the study consisted of a composite score from arithmetic, word similarity, and figures tests similar to those commonly used in intelligence tests.

It was observed that the mean intelligence score increased in every birth year from 1967 to 1973, except for a downturn in 1970, writes Eriksen.

The intelligence scores of men born in July through October of that year, six to nine months after the main outbreak of the Hong Kong flu in Norway, were lower than the mean values for those born in the same months during the preceding and following years.

The mean intelligence score of men born during those months was also lower than the mean score of men born in any other month in 1970, and this trend was not seen in the other years.

Given that the flu outbreak took place during the winter months, the exposure during the first three to four months of pregnancy seems to have had the strongest impact on intelligence scores.

“This is the first report of a possible association between prenatal exposure to an influenza virus epidemic and the mean level of intelligence in the general population,” says Eriksen, co-author of the study.

According to the study’s authors, several possible explanations can be given for the results. They say that exposure to the influenza virus might have interfered with the cerebral development of the foetus, as has been observe in lab experiments on animals.

Another possible explanation could be that the influenza virus would have crossed the placental barrier, causing some foetuses to suffer a cerebral infection.

One more possibility they suggest is that a maternal infection during pregnancy might have had an effect on the foetal brain through maternal immune response or high body temperature, or through medication used to treat infections.

The authors suggest that if 20 percent of the men born between July and October 1970 were exposed to the flu virus, and assuming they were all affected neurologically, prenatal exposure to such a virulent virus may reduce intelligence scores by three to seven points on a standard IQ scale.

“If cerebral complications occurred in only a small group of those who were exposed, however, the effects on the intelligence of the susceptible individuals may have been considerably larger,” says Eriksen.

A research article on the study has been published in the journal Annals of Neurology. (ANI)

Newcomer’s ideas can boost workplace’s performance

Washington, Mar 29 (ANI): When it comes to finding a solution for a problem, better decisions come from teams that include a “socially distinct newcomer,” say researchers.

“One of the most-cited benefits of diversity is the infusion of new ideas and perspectives,” said study co-author Katie Liljenquist, assistant professor of organizational leadership at BYU’s Marriott School of Management.

“And while that very often is true, we found the mere presence of a newcomer who is socially distinct can really shake up the group dynamic. That leads to discomfort, but also to a better process that ultimately yields superior outcomes,” she added.

uring the study, the researchers noticed this effect after conducting a traditional group problem-solving experiment. A newcomer was added to each group about five minutes into their deliberations.

They found that when the newcomer was a social outsider, teams were more likely to solve the problem successfully.

“(This research) is groundbreaking in that it highlights that the benefits of disparate knowledge in a team can be unleashed when newcomers actually share opinions of knowledge with old-timers but are socially different,” said Melissa Thomas-Hunt, associate professor at Cornell’s Johnson School of Management.

“It is the tension between social dissimilarity and opinion similarity that prompts heightened effectiveness in diverse teams,” she added.

However, the newcomer might be threatening for the relationship between the old members of the group.

When a member of the group discovered that he agreed with the new outsider, he felt alienated from his fellow old-timers – consequently, he was very motivated to explain his point of view on its merits so that his peers wouldn’t lump him in with the outsider.

The person who found himself disagreeing with the in-group – and instead agreeing with an outsider – felt very uncomfortable.

An opinion alliance with an outsider put his social ties with other team members at risk.

But with the conflict, the group members are likely to go deep into the discussion that facilitates much better decision-making results.

“Socially, that can be very threatening,” said Liljenquist.

“These folks are driven to say, ‘Wait, the fact that I disagree with this outsider doesn’t make me weird. Something more is going on here; let’s figure out what’s at the root of our disagreement.’

“The group then tends to analyze differing opinions and critical information much more thoroughly, and that facilitates much better decision-making results.”

The research is published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. (ANI)

Google Street View ‘tracks down’ E.T.!

London, Mar 25 (ANI): E.T. has finally been tracked down – in a picture taken for Google Street View.

Experts were left shocked when a misty shape, bearing a distinct similarity to the movie alien, was captured behind a bush next to a mysterious beam of light.

The spooky snap was caught by Google image cameras in the town of Berkeley Heights in New Jersey.

Web surfer Nick Sawyer, who was baffled by his amazing discovery, said: “It looks exactly like E.T. The head is oblong and it seems to have the same long neck and fat body. And there is also a beam of light right next to him.

“Who knows, that might be from a spaceship trying to make contact.”

“The area is not far from an airport and UFOs have been reported to take an interest in our own aviation technology,” The Daily Star quoted Nick, as saying.

Malcolm Robinson, head of Strange Phenomena Investigations, said: “The similarities with E.T. are obvious but it’s hard to say what exactly it is.

“Of added interest is the strange beam of light which I cannot explain either. But because it was captured by Google it would appear that there aren’t any witnesses. We’d all love it to be alien, but that’s a big assumption.” (ANI)

‘British Fritzl’ kept 15-year-old as his sex slave

London, Mar 22 (ANI): A 36-year-old man, dubbed the “English Fritzl”, chained a 15-year-old schoolgirl to his caravan and kept her as his personal sex slave, it has emerged.

Scrap dealer David Cooper even forced her to take part in orgies.

He put the girl through a four-month ordeal of abuse as her mum searched for her.

Cooper forced the teenage girl to indulge in group sex with him, his girlfriend Kerry Hobson, 28, and another man, then watched as his lover shaved off the schoolgirl’s pubic hair.

It was when the teen tried to flee that he tied her to a concrete block beside his gipsy caravan with a motorbike chain.

Her ordeal ended when police raided the van on a remote site near Bridlington, East Yorks, looking for drugs and found the girl.

Cooper now has been jailed for nine years at Hull Crown Court after admitting eight specimen charges of sexual activity with a girl under 16 and one of child cruelty.

Hobson was jailed for three-and-a-half years, reports The Daily Star.

Passing sentence, Judge Michael Mettyear told Cooper: “You treated this girl like your own personal sex toy.”

Last night the girl’s mum said: “He is an English Josef Fritzl – every parent’s worst nightmare.”

The case draws similarity to Fritzl case, where the Austrian man caged his daughter in a rat-infested dungeon for 24 years and fathered seven children by her, six of whom survived.

Josef is now in jail serving life sentence. (ANI)