Ford reaches deal with union on health care fund

Ford reaches deal with union on health care fund New York – Ford Motor Company and union leaders reached an agreement Monday designed to lower health care costs in the ailing US car industry.

The deal would allow the carmaker to make contributions to the United Auto Workers (UAW) health care plan for retirees with up to 50 per cent stock instead of cash, a move the manufacturer said would help it meet its obligations. Ford owes 13.6 billion dollars to the Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association, as the health care trust is known.

“The agreements, if finalized, will allow Ford to become competitive with foreign automakers’ US manufacturing operations, and are critical to our efforts to operate through the current deep economic downturn without accessing government loans,” said Joe Hinrichs, Ford vice president for global manufacturing and labour affairs.

UAW president Ron Gettelfinger said the deal would “protect jobs for UAW members by ensuring the long-term viability of the company.”

The company is the first of the three US carmakers to reach a deal on the health plan with the union and the agreement could pave the way for similar deals with General Motors Corp and Chrysler LLC.

Ford is the only company of the Big Three carmakers that did not receive a total of 17.4 billion dollars in emergency government loans.

GM and Chrysler last week submitted plans to the government to slash labour costs with about 50,000 job cuts, close manufacturing plants and dealerships and focus more on their core brands. The carmakers have until March 31 to show the government they can survive and the Obama administration is currently reviewing the plans.

The Wall Street Journal reported Monday that the Treasury Department was beginning to line up at least 40 billion dollars in bankruptcy loans for the carmakers should it be needed. (dpa)

Two Berlin airports to be hit by strike Tuesday

Two Berlin airports to be hit by strike Tuesday Berlin – A German union seeking pay rises for Berlin airport staff vowed to disrupt operations at two capital-city airports, with workers to walk off the job for three and a half hours on Tuesday.

Officials said Monday that in the period to be affected, after 6 am Tuesday, 50 takeoffs and 30 landings were timetabled at Tegel Airport and 20 takeoffs and nine landings were scheduled at Schoenefeld Airport.

A similar brief strike by the same union, Verdi, caused many cancellations earlier this month, because safety and fire staff were not available. Passengers were advised Monday to check with airlines for diversions or cancellations. (dpa)

First Android smartphone unveiled by Huawei

First Android smartphone unveiled by Huawei At the GSMA Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Chinese telecommunications company Huawei made announcement regarding its maiden Android-powered smartphone, which it would make commercially available in the Q3 2009.

HTC would be joined by Huawei in the Android operating system camp with a real production phone. Other than this, even Motorola and Kogan would join HTC, who have announced plans to ship devices running Google’s operating system.

Not many details could be gathered regarding the phone. However, it has been revealed by the sources, “Huawei partnered with an established design consultancy to develop a robust and user-friendly interface, creating a powerful customer experience that is able to evolve with operators’ differentiation requirements.”

It has been learnt that the latest by Huawei looks quite similar to the iPhone. It was confirmed by the director of Huawei’s terminal marketing department, James Chen that the company is delighted showcase its much-awaited first Android-powered smartphone.

Chen concluded, “As a pioneer in mobile broadband devices, we look forward to expanding a compelling mobile communications experience for end-users whilst providing customized services to our operator partners via the Android smartphone.”

United Arab Emirates signs nuclear power deal with Japan

Dubai – The United Arab Emirates and Japan have signed a memorandum of cooperation that will pave the way toward developing nuclear power plants in the oil-rich Persian Gulf nation, local media reported Tuesday.

“As we evaluate a peaceful civil nuclear power program in the United Arab Emirates, one of our fundamental principles is that we will work with responsible nations that are experts in the field,” UAE Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs Saif Sultan al-Aryani said

after signing the agreement on Monday.

Takamori Yoshikawa, Japanese deputy minister of economy, trade, and industry, said Japan had been “promoting nuclear energy” for 40 years and noted that it operates
55 commercial nuclear reactors.

UAE and Japanese officials stressed the agreement, which follows similar agreements with Britain, France, and the United States, was for peaceful purposes within the parameters of international agreements on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

The United Arab Emirates, which, according to government figures, has 9.5 percent of the world’s proven oil reserves, has recently also begun a push to develop renewable sources of energy.

On Sunday the Emirate of Abu Dhabi hosted a summit on renewable energy and signed a memorandum of understanding with Switzerland to cooperate on the development of new energy technologies.

The summit allowed the emirate to showcase its Masdar project, which is being touted as the world’s first zero-carbon-emission city. (dpa)

How to be a good couch surfer

Hamburg – The idea is as simple as it is ingenious – people from all over the world come together in an online network to offer accommodation on their sofas to others. In return, they can spend time abroad on a couch anywhere around the globe.

Online communities that bring so-called couch surfers together such as hospitalityclub. org, bewelcome. org and couchsurfing. com are booming.

Couchsurfing. com alone has about 600,000 members according to the website’s operators. But in order for you to enjoy a good night’s sleep on a foreign couch, there are a few things to take into consideration.

The first issue to deal with is the sheer number of people looking for low cost accommodation.

Big cities are popular destinations and the people who offer their couches like to select their guests

The people at couchsurfing. com advise their clients to search for a host with similar interests.

To find the right host, read their profile carefully and present a positive image of yourself when you contact them. If you can find common interests when communicating by email with a potential host, you improve your chances of being chosen.

Human relations should be your prime concern when looking for a low cost place to stay abroad.

“Of course I’m saving money,” says Manoella from Hamburg, “but it is mainly about meeting interesting people.”

Manoella is originally from Brazil and at the moment does not have a place to offer, so in the meantime she is guiding couch surfers around Hamburg.

Visitors are grateful for a tour by a local person, according to Michael, 36, from Dresden in eastern Germany.

The most important thing about couch surfing is that you get to meet people who you would normally never talk to and you get an insider’s view of the city you are visiting, he believes. Michael has provided about 30 couch surfers with a place to stay and has been to destinations in Eastern Europe about 10 times.

“I can say that I know couch surfing from both perspectives.”

Robert is in a similar position. The Berlin dweller spent a total of 20 nights with couch surfing hosts during a trip around Europe and hosts between two and four people a month. But what’s it like to have a stranger in your home?

“The host always sets the rules,” says Michael, and the host decides whether smoking is permitted in the apartment, when guests should be back home, whether they get their own key or if they may use the telephone.

Otherwise, not much else is discussed in advance, explains Robert.

“The guests gets my mobile phone number, the address and the name of the underground station where I pick them up.”

After the first meeting, talk quickly turns to a sightseeing programme.

“The guest tells me what they have been planning and I supply them with tips and information about Berlin – including a map of the city,” he says.

Robert says there are no hard rules at home. “In general the same rules apply that apply everywhere else.”

Those rules include one whereby the guest brings a present for the host.

“I bring coffee from my home country,” says Manoella. Michael usually brings a CD with music he has burned at home.

Another aspect to think of as a couch surfer is food and drink.

“When I arrive I put something in the fridge,” says Robert.

That makes sense as couch surfer and host often dine or go out for a drink together.

“There is a rule that says the guest must pay for drinks,” explains Michael.

The operators of couchsurfing. com also advise guests to occasionally do the washing up and not to leave anything lying about. (dpa)

Plant-grown insulin enters human trials

London, Jan 9 (ANI): For the first time, scientists have injected humans with insulin grown in plants, in order to test if plants could provide cheaper source of insulin for diabetics.

Sembiosys Genetics, a Canadian company based in Calgary, Alberta, inserted human insulin genes into safflowers, causing them to make a compound called pro-insulin.

Enzymes acted upon pro-insulin and converted it into a type of insulin called SBS-1000.

Previous tests revealed that SBS-1000 is similar to human insulin, reports New Scientist.

Thus, last month Sembiosys went on to compare its effects with insulin from other sources in healthy volunteers.

Now, the company is planning to release the results later this year.

While majority of insulin products come from bacteria in a fermenter, which turns out to be an expensive process.

Therefore, Sembiosys is hoping that using plants could be cheaper, as they do not need this stage.

Safflowers are not widely grown in North America, and have no wild relatives there.

Thus, there’s least risk of genes escaping from insulin-producing safflowers grown there, said Maurice Maloney of Sembiosys. (ANI)

Lake Michigan may house ‘American Stonehenge’

Washington, Jan 9 (ANI): A team of archaeologists has discovered stones in a circular formation along with possible ancient carvings deep below the surface of Lake Michigan, similar to the Stonehenge site in England.

The iconic Stonehenge in the UK is one of the most famous prehistoric monuments in the world, but it has been found that it is not the only stone formation of its kind.

Similar stone alignments have been found throughout England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and now, it seems, in Lake Michigan.

According to a report by NBC (National Broadcasting Corporation), in 2007, Mark Holley, professor of underwater archeology at Northwestern Michigan College, discovered a series of stones arranged in a circle 40 feet below the surface of Lake Michigan.

One stone outside the circle seems to have carvings that resemble a mastodon—an elephant-like animal that went extinct about 10,000 years ago.

Archaeologists had been hired to survey the Lake’s floor near Traverse City, Michigan, and examine old boat wrecks with a sonar device.

They discovered sunken boats and cars and even a Civil War-era pier. But among these expected finds was a potentially prehistoric surprise.

“When you see it in the water, you’re tempted to say this is absolutely real,” said Holley. “But that’s what we need the experts to come in and verify,” he added.

The formation, if authenticated, wouldn’t be completely out of place. Stone circles and other petroglyph sites are located in the area.

While Chicago has an interesting and colorful history of its own, it’s exciting to think that a North American version of Stonehenge could be sitting just over 200 miles away. (ANI)

Spirituality can help teens cope with chronic illness

Washington, Jan 9 (ANI): A new study has shown that spirituality can help teenagers cope with chronic illness.

Chronic illness can lead to poorer quality of life in adolescents. The research led by Michael Yi, MD, associate professor of medicine, and Sian Cotton, PhD, research assistant professor in the department of family medicine investigated how adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may use spirituality to cope with their illness.

Adolescents with IBD are at risk for numerous psychosocial difficulties, including increased mental health problems and social stigma.

In the study involving 67 patients with IBD and 88 healthy adolescents between the ages of 11 and 19, the researchers collected data on socio-demographics, functional health status and psychosocial characteristics as well as spiritual well-being.

“Personal characteristics like self esteem, family functioning and social characteristics, like level of peer support, were similar between adolescents with IBD when compared to healthy peers, indicating that adolescents with IBD appear resilient,” said Yi.

“However, health-related quality of life was significantly poorer in general. On average, when compared to their healthy peers, patients with IBD were willing to trade more years of their life expectancy or risk a greater chance of death in order to achieve a better state of health,” he added.

The researchers also found that levels of spiritual well-being were similar between adolescents with IBD and healthy peers.

Moreover, higher levels of spiritual well-being were associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better emotional well-being.

“However, even though both healthy adolescents and those with IBD had relatively high levels of spiritual well-being, the positive association between spiritual well-being and mental health outcomes was stronger in the adolescents with IBD as compared to their healthy peers,” said Cotton,

He said this indicates spiritual well-being may play a different role for teens with a chronic illness in terms of impacting their health or helping them cope.

The results were published in online versions of the Journal of Pediatrics and the Journal of Adolescent Health. (ANI)

Wills, Harry become patrons of their late friend”s charity

London, Jan 9 (ANI): Britain’s Prince William spoke of the importance of keeping his late mother Princess Diana”s memory alive as he and Prince Harry paid an emotional tribute to a late friend by becoming patrons of a charity established in his memory.

William, 26, and Harry, 24, attended the launch of the Henry van Straubenzee fund, which will help equip schools in Uganda with much-needed facilities.

Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris in 1997 a, while Henry lost his life, aged 18, in a car smash where he also was a passenger.

“Having lost someone so close in similar circumstances, Harry and I understand how important it is to keep their memory alive,” the Sun quoted William, as saying.

Harry added: “Henry would be so proud of his family for what they are doing in his name.”

The Princes were friends with Henry at Ludgrove School in the 1990s.

The Royals joined his family at the charity’s launch in Earls Court, West London. (ANI)

Long-chain fats like oleic acid more likely to induce inflammation

Washington, January 9 (ANI): University of Kentucky scientists in the United States have revealed that long-chain fats like oleic acid, which is found in olive oil, are more prone to induce inflammation.

Erik Eckhardt and his colleagues say that long-chain fats seem to promote increased intestinal absorption of pro-inflammatory bacterial molecules called lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

While dietary fats that have short chains—such as those found in milk and cheese products—can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the intestines, long-chain fats need to be first packaged by the intestinal cells into particles known as chylomicrons—large complexes similar to HDL and LDL particles.

The researchers say that they wanted to determine whether some unwanted LPS particles, routinely shed by the bacteria that inhabit the human gut, might also be sneaking in the chylomicrons.

According to them, their hypothesis turned out to be correct.

Upon treating cultured human intestinal cells with oleic acid, the research team observed significant secretion of LPS together with the chylomicron particles, a phenomenon that was not observed when the cells were treated with short-chain butyric acid.

The researchers also refer to mouse studies that made similar findings, and showed that high amounts of dietary oleic acid, not butyric acid, promoted significant absorption of LPS into the blood and lymph nodes and subsequent expression of inflammatory genes.

Eckhardt believes that his team’s findings may pave the way for future therapies for Crohn”s disease and other inflammatory bowel disorders.

He also says that his study once again highlights the importance of the diverse bacteria that call our intestines home.

A research article on the study has been published in the January issue of JLR. (ANI)

Scientists find first ever evidence of asteroids with Earth-like crust

Washington, Jan 8 (ANI): A team of scientists has found the first ever evidence of asteroids with an Earth-like crust.

A research team, primarily composed of geochemists from the University of Maryland, US, estimated that two rare meteorites found in Antarctica two years ago are from a previously unknown, ancient asteroid with an outer layer or crust similar in composition to the crust of Earth’s continents.

This is the first ever finding of material from an asteroid with a crust like Earth’s. The discovery also represents the oldest example of rock with this composition ever found.

These meteorites point “to previously unrecognized diversity” of materials formed early in the history of the Solar System, according to researchers.

“What is most unusual about these rocks is that they have compositions similar to Earth’s andesite continental crust – what the rock beneath our feet is made of,” said first author James Day, who is a research scientist in Maryland’s department of geology. “No meteorites like this have ever been seen before,” he added.

According to Day, his team focused their investigations on how such different Solar System bodies could have crusts with such similar compositions.

“We show that this occurred because of limited melting of the asteroid, and thus illustrate that the formation of andesite crust has occurred in our solar system by processes other than plate tectonics, which is the generally accepted process that created the crust of Earth,” he said.

The two meteorites (numbered GRA 06128 and GRA 06129) were discovered in the Graves Nunatak Icefield during the US Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) 2006/2007 field season.

Day and his colleagues immediately recognized that these meteorites were unusual because of elevated contents of a light-colored feldspar mineral called oligoclase.

“Our age results point to these rocks being over 4.52 billion years old and that they formed during the birth of the Solar System. Combined with the oxygen isotope data, this age points to their origin from an asteroid rather than a planet,” said Day.

“Our studies of the GRA meteorites suggest similar crust compositions may be formed via melting of materials in planets that are initially volatile- and possibly water-rich, like the Earth probably was when if first formed,” said Day.

“A major uncertainty is how evolved crust formed in the early Solar System and these meteorites are a piece in the puzzle to understanding these processes,” he added. (ANI)

Bangladesh pair Ashraful and Mushfiqur fined for ICC code breaches in Chittagong Test

Dhaka (Bangladesh), Jan.7 (ANI): Bangladesh captain Mohammad Ashraful and wicketkeeper Mushfiqur Rahim have both been fined after breaching the ICC Code of Conduct during the third day’s play in the second Test against Sri Lanka.

Ashraful has been fined 15 per cent of his match fee while Mushfiqur has been fined 50 per cent of his match fee.

An ICC press release said the penalties were handed down by Jeff Crowe of the Emirates Elite Panel of ICC Match Referees on Wednesday following hearings which were held in Chittagong on Tuesday after the conclusion of the Test which Sri Lanka won by 465 runs.

Ashraful was found to have breached Level 1.5 of the code which relates to “excessive appealing” while Mushfiqur was found guilty of a charge under Level 2.5 of the code which deals with “charging or advancing towards the umpire in an aggressive manner when appealing”.

The charges were laid by the two on-field umpires Steve Bucknor of the Emirates Elite Panel of ICC Umpires and Nigel Llong of the Emirates International Panel of ICC Umpires, third umpire Nadir Shah, who is also a member of the international panel, and fourth umpire Anisur Rahman.

Both breaches occurred after the first ball of the 78th over of Sri Lanka’s second innings when Mushfiqur’s appeal for a caught behind against Sri Lanka batsman Tillakaratne Dilshan off the bowling of Mehrab Hossain Junior was turned down.

After the appeal was rejected, Mushfiqur ran towards the umpire while appealing before stopping about six metres in front of the batsman while Ashraful started appealing from his place at midwicket and finished near to the pitch, about 20 metres from his original position.

Ashraful was fined after Mr Crowe had spoken to him following similar actions in the first Test. During the second Test, the match referee was also forced to speak to Bangladesh openers Tamim Iqbal and Imrul Kayes following similar conduct, something the on-field umpires had also had words with them about at the time.

Commenting on his findings, Mr Crowe said: “Mohammad Ashraful is the captain of the team and needs to lead with responsibility and patience when an umpire is making a decision.

“Having spoken to him earlier in the series about a similar reaction, he was fully aware of what was acceptable and therefore, pleaded guilty to the charge.

“Mushfiqur conceded in the hearing that it was unacceptable behaviour when he clearly left his position from behind the stumps, charged and ended up appealing some six metres away directly towards the umpire. This sort of appealing is intended to place unnecessary pressure on the umpire and has no place in the same.”

The hearing was attended by the players charged, as well as Bangladesh manager Shafique Haque, coach Jamie Siddons and the four umpires.

All Level 1 breaches carry a minimum penalty of an official reprimand and a maximum penalty of a fine equivalent to 50 per cent of a player’s match fee while Level 2 breaches carry a minimum penalty of a fine of 50 per cent of a player’s match fee up to a fine of all that fee and/or a one-Test match or two-ODI ban.

A player does have a right of appeal in the case of Level 2, 3 and 4 offences. Such an appeal must be lodged in writing with the ICC’s legal counsel within 24 hours of the decision being handed down. (ANI)

Ancient asteroid may have created biggest known landslide on Mars

Washington, Jan 7 (ANI): Scientists have said that an asteroid may have triggered a landslide on Mars billions of years ago, which is the size of the entire United States, and the largest known anywhere.

The finding could help solve the origin mystery of Mars’s Arabia Terra region, a vast, midlevel plateau between the planet’s smooth northern lowlands and rugged southern highlands.

According to a report in National Geographic News, estimated at about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) wide, the giant asteroid is believed to have struck Mars’s northern hemisphere billions of years ago.

The cataclysm is thought to have given the planet its topographical split personality — smooth in the north, but bumpy down south.

The impact site became the smooth, low-lying Borealis Basin, about 6,000 miles (10,000 kilometers) across. The southern part of the planet became highlands—in places several miles higher than the basin.

The border of the two regions is sharply defined, except for the Arabia Terra zone. This odd middle ground is neither highlands nor basin.

Until recently, the reason for the region had been unknown.

Arabia Terra is a relic of the giant asteroid impact, according to geophysicist Jeff Andrews-Hanna, of the Colorado School of Mines.

This unusual midland was created when a U.S.-size portion of the highlands broke free and slid 180 miles (300 kilometers) northward, down into the southern rim of the Borealis Basin, Andrews-Hanna said.

In other words, three of Mars’s largest geographic features — the Borealis Basin, the highlands, and Arabia Terra — were formed “virtually instantaneously, in a single catastrophic collision,” the geophysicist said

According to Andrews-Hanna, the first clue that Arabia Terra was formed via landslide is that the relatively flat region has steep slopes at both its northern and southern edges, which is like a giant step.

Similar features occur in other large impact craters, many of which have bull’s-eye patterns—concentric circles or ellipses of steep ridges separated by gently sloping plateaus.

The similarity of Arabia Terra to these other craters indicates that it too might have been created by an impact.

Another clue is that, at Arabia Terra, the inner rim of the Borealis Basin doesn’t line up with its inner rim elsewhere on the planet.

Instead, the rim juts northward by about 300 kilometers, as if a landslide had smudged the clean break seen in areas to the west and east. (ANI)

Asteroid dust in and around dead stars hints at Earth-like planets

London, Jan 7 (ANI): Scientists have observed asteroid dust in and around a handful of dead stars, that is made up of similar materials as the Earth, which suggests Earth-like planets may be common in the Universe.

According to a report in New Scientist, six white dwarfs, the burned-out embers of Sun-like stars, showed heavy elements, or metals, in their atmospheres.

That is unusual because white dwarfs contain about as much mass as the Sun squeezed into bodies the size of the Earth, giving them surface gravities 10,000 times stronger than the Sun’s.

That should cause heavy elements to sink towards their centres – and out of sight.

In addition, the six stars also shine more brightly than expected in infrared light, which suggests the stars are surrounded by dust, which glows at infrared wavelengths.

The dusty debris is thought to be the remains of asteroids that once orbited the white dwarfs, but were gravitationally torn apart when they wandered too close to the stars.

Michael Jura of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues measured the infrared light from these stars using NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope.

The team found the dust contains a glassy silicate material similar to olivine, which is common on Earth and has also been seen on the Moon and Mars.

The dust also seems to have no carbon, consistent with Earth’s composition, which has little carbon compared to the Sun.

Two previously studied white dwarfs have dust of a similar composition, bringing the tally of such stellar gluttons up to eight.

“What was once kind of a freak is now a systematic pattern,” Jura said.

Since asteroids form in the same way as planets, by bulking up through collisions between smaller rocky objects, they have a similar composition to their larger brethren.

That suggests terrestrial planets might have once existed in these systems. “This strengthens suspicions that Earth-like planets are common,” Jura said. (ANI)

Diabetic men have similar long-term mortality risks as males with heart disease

Washington, Jan 6 (ANI): Scientists have found that men with type 2 diabetes and males with cardiovascular disease have similar long-term mortality risks.

The study revealed that men with type 2 diabetes and men with previous heart attack or stroke had a 3 to 4 fold risk of cardiovascular death, as compared to men without either disease in the years following the first acute event.

The study underscores the high risk of diabetes, as “men with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease had a 3-fold cardiovascular mortality risk compared with men with neither cardiovascular disease nor diabetes at the beginning of the follow-up,” write Dr. Gilles Dagenais and colleagues from Laval University and the University of Montreal.

However, the study was limited to white men and diabetes was self-reported in two-thirds of cases.

In the first five years, men with type 2 diabetes had a lower risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to men with previous heart attack or stroke and without diabetes.

But, in the long term, the researchers discovered that the 2 groups had similar mortality risks.

The findings highlight that there’s a need for prevention and optimal management of diabetes, stroke and heart disease.

The study is published in CMAJ. (ANI)

Understanding extinct microbes has significant implications for modern human health

Washington, January 6 (ANI): University of Oklahoma researchers in the U.S. say that researching into extinct microbes may have significant implications for the state of modern human health, for such studies raise questions about the microbes living on and within people.

Within the gut, microbes are known to assist in human digestion, improve energy intake, produce vitamins and even help in the development of a healthy immune system.

Cecil Lewis, assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology, says that ancient DNA research can be helpful in determining whether there are certain aspects of the ecology that all humans share.

“We’ve introduced bacteria into our system through foods from around the world. Fruits imported from various parts of the world contribute to the global microbiomes that now inhabit our bodies,” says the researcher, adding that ancient microbiome studies provide a view of these ecosystems prior to the modern world economy.

Given that the gut microbiome in living people is frequently studied using faecal samples, Lewis and his colleagues would compare two ancient coprolites, which are old dry or fossilized faeces, to understand the state of microbiomes before the global world economy.

The researchers say that the coprolites were 1,300 years old from Central Mexico, and that genetic testing determined that they were from two different people.

The team analysed the microbiomes within the coprolites.

They claim that they have retrieved ancient DNA evidence for bacteria species similar to that seen in human microbiomes today, and characterized the functional aspects of these extinct microbiomes.

According to the group, a comparison between the two ancient samples showed them to be very similar to one another.

Lewis and his colleagues also found that the two ancient microbiomes were more similar to each other functionally than a sample of modern microbiomes.

They proposed that prehistoric microbiomes were more geographically structured than those found today, a discovery that may change the way scientists look at human microbiomes if it is proved to be true.

The researchers say that geographically structured microbiomes have ramifications for human health, for pioneering work on modern microbiomes has shown that certain bacteria can impact disease and health states, including diabetes and immune systems disorders.

Lewis says that understanding ancient microbiomes provides a better picture of microbiomes as they coadapted with our ancestors.

He admits that his findings are preliminary and that many new challenges are ahead, but insists that his research will be of interest to many, including medical professionals and biologists and the public.

“We should be thinking of ourselves as ‘superorganisms’ harbouring microbes from around the world. This is much more complicated than just the cells that make up the body. We have more than just our body to nurture to be in good health,” says Lewis.

His publication on ancient human microbiomes is available from one of the Public of Library of Science journals, PLoS ONE. (ANI)

Now, teeth-whitening kiosks to give people brighter smile Down Under

Brisbane, Jan 5 (ANI): Want a brighter smile? Well, all you need to do is to visit your nearest shopping centre, for teeth-whitening kiosks are opening in malls across South-East Queensland.

However, the launch of these kiosks has threatened dentists and consumer groups, as they fear that quick-fix whitening procedures might damage teeth and hip-pockets in the long run.

The new procedure uses a concentrated bleaching agent and a LED light, and ensures that the teeth become two to six shades lighter.

The 20-minute method is available for just 150 dollars, significantly less than the cost of whitening treatments by dentists.

Prowhitening director Tamar Ben-Hur, who started the company on the Gold Coast last year, said that teeth whitening was ””not a dental or medical procedure but a simple cosmetic procedure”” so she could not see why dentists should have a monopoly over the service.

””It”s a great upgrade to any smile,”” Brisbanetimes.com quoted her as saying.

However, Australian Dental Association Queensland president Greg Moore said that the kiosks were not governed by the same regulations as dentists, but performed some similar services.

””What is their infection protocol? Are the bleaches safe? What training have they had? It”s really a step into the unknown for a client,”” said Dr Moore.

He also said that inexperienced operators could also put themselves at risk.

””Are they sure they are working in a disease-free mouth?”” he said.

According to Choice spokesman Christopher Zinn, teeth-whitening operators without an industry code similar to those governing solariums, tattooists and piercers had no legal liability.

He claimed that although shopping centre whitening offered a cheaper alternative to a dentist treatment, “it may come back to bite you.”.

””Any kind of procedure that’s Leg 3 intrusive, you really want to be sure of the qualifications of the people doing it. You want to be sure it works and that it doesn”t cause any issues,”” said Zinn.

Moore suggested that, before going for any whitening treatment, one should first visit to the dentist for a good check-up and clean. (ANI)

Mudslide kills at least 22 in Guatemala

Guatemala City – A mudslide killed at least 22 people in northern Guatemala, and disaster prevention officials feared the death toll could increase Monday.

At least 15 survivors were rescued from the avalanche, which covered more than one kilometre of the road in the western part of Alta Verapaz department, 200 kilometres from the Guatemala City.

“Witnesses said approximately 140 people were in the area when the mudslide occurred,” Guatemalan Vice-President Rafael Espada said.

Fears of a second avalanche prompted rescue officials to call off the search for more bodies Sunday. A similar mudslide occurred in the same area two weeks earlier, leaving three people confirmed dead and three others missing. (dpa)

Academics call for introduction of ‘risk literacy’ for school students

London, Jan 5 (ANI): Basic lessons in statistics and probability called “risk literacy” may help teach kids how to weigh the pros and cons and make sensible life decisions, claims one of Britain’s leading mathematicians.

David Spiegelhalter, of the University of Cambridge, says that “risk literacy” is being ignored by the national curriculum, and has thus urged that pupils in every secondary school should be taught the statistical skills, critical to making choices about health, money and even education.

Spiegelhalter is UK’s only Professor of the Public Understanding of Risk, also said that just like the Internet transformed information access, there was a growing need to teach people how best to interpret data.

Understanding statistics and the principles of risk could help people to make sense of claims about health hazards and the merits of new drugs, to invest money more wisely, and to choose their children’s schools.

Spiegelhalter has even developed programmes for teaching risk literacy, based on familiar subjects such as the National Lottery and football league tables.

His colleagues are introducing these programmes to schools through a “Risk Roadshow”. They believe that something similar should be offered as a matter of course.

“I regard myself as part of a movement we call risk literacy. It should be a basic component of discussion about issues in media, politics and in schools,” Times Online quoted Spiegelhalter as saying.

“We should essentially be teaching the ability to deconstruct the latest media story about a cancer risk or a wonder drug, so people can work out what it means. Really, that should be part of everyone’s language,” he added.

Spiegelhalter further said that as an aspect of science, risk was “as important as learning about DNA, maybe even more important. The only problem is putting it on the curriculum: that can be the kiss of death. At the moment we can do it as part of maths outreach, maths inspiration, which is a real privilege because we can make it fun. It’s not teaching to an exam. But I actually think it should be in there, partly to make the curriculum more interesting.”

He suggested that risk literacy could be taught as part of maths, science, or civics and personal and social education.

He also claimed that by using simple examples, they could explain more complex statistical principles, such as recognising that apparently improbable occurrences are often in fact predictable in a population as large as Britain’s. (ANI)

Demonstrators clash with Lebanese police near US embassy

Beirut – Demonstrators clashed Sunday with Lebanese security forces as they attempted to advance to the US embassy near Beirut, while protesting the ground assault on Gaza and the US stand on Israel’s military actions.

Around 150 people belonging to the Lebanese Communist Party gathered outside the embassy building north east of the capital and attempted to cross the barbed wire that has placed around the embassy.

“The US administration is helping Israel in killing the Palestinian people ..,” read a placard carried by the demonstrators.

Lebanese security forces dispersed the angry demonstrators using water hoses and tear gas.

Similar daily protests against the Israeli offensive in the Gaza Strip have been taking place in the Lebanese capital since the Israeli began its attacks on the salient on December 27. (dpa)