UCB: Two-year Cimzia® (certolizumab pegol) data from study showed sustained improvements in household productivity and increased participation in social activities for rheumatoid arthritis patients

Treatment with Cimzia monotherapy* was associated with increased productivity inside
the home and increased participation in family, social and leisure activities[1]

*
Improvements in productivity and increased participation in social activities were
reported rapidly, as early as week 4, and sustained through 2 years of monotherapy
treatment[1]

ROME June 16th, 2010, 08.30 CET – UCB today announced new data presented at the European
League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) annual congress in Rome showing that Cimzia, the only
approved PEGylated anti-TNF, provided rapid and sustained improvements in household
productivity and increased participation in social activities for adult patients living
with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).[1]

“The target of RA treatment is to provide rapid and sustained relief from disease pain
and symptoms thus enabling patients to perform household, social, leisure and family
activities, the things that are really important,” said Dr Vibeke Strand, Adjunct
Clinical Professor in the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, at Stanford
University, California, and lead author. “Observations, such as those made in this study
with certolizumab pegol, suggest that efficacious treatments can significantly improve
productivity and improve the quality of life for patients.”

Patients in FAST4WARD(TM) were randomised to Cimzia 400 mg every 4 weeks or placebo for
24 weeks.* Those who completed or withdrew on/after Week 12 were eligible to enter an
open-label extension (OLE) study of Cimzia 400 mg every 4 weeks as per protocol.* This
analysis focuses on Cimzia completers who entered the OLE study and had 2 years (100
weeks) of Cimzia exposure from baseline.

The Work Productivity Survey (WPS-RA) used in the study, is a validated questionnaire
that evaluated a variety of measures including household productivity – assessed as
missed days of household work, days with reduced household productivity and rate of RA
impact on household work productivity – as well as the number of missed days of family,
social and leisure activities.[1]

The WPS-RA was assessed every four weeks starting at baseline for the first 6 months and
every 3 months thereafter, with analyses conducted on observed data from the
FAST4WARD(TM) phase III trial open label extension study (FAST4WARD(TM) OLE).[1]
Eligibility criteria for the open label extension included participation in the
FAST4WARD(TM) study for at least 12 weeks of blinded treatment, without being withdrawn
for a possible drug related adverse event or non-compliance.[1]

Following Cimzia monotherapy treatment, patients reported a rapid improvement in
productivity within the home.[1] By Week 4, patients reported a lower rate of RA
interference with household productivity than at baseline (3.7 rate compared with 5.8
rate, on a 0-10 scale where 0=no interference and 10=complete interference).[1] These
improvements were sustained and by week 100, only 1 household work day (on average) was
missed and only 1.1 household work day with reduced productivity was reported, per
month.[1]

These improvements in productivity within the home were seen in the majority of
patients.[1] In fact, by week 100, about 60% of patients did not miss any day of
household work and about 90% of patients reported ≤4 missed days of household work per
month.[1]

Patients treated with Cimzia monotherapy also reported rapid and sustained improvements
in participation in family, social, and leisure activities.[1] By Week 4, Cimzia-treated
patients missed on average fewer days per month of family, social, or leisure activities
than at baseline (1.5 days compared with 5.0 days).[1] By Week 100, on average 0.3 days
of family, social, or leisure activities were missed, per month.[1] At Week 100, over
80% of patients did not miss any days of family, social, or leisure activities, per
month, and all patients reported ≤ 4 days of family, social, or leisure activities,
missed per month.[1]

The monthly improvements in household productivity reported by Cimzia patients resulted
into annualized cumulative gains, with average incremental gains over baseline of:

*
108 full days of household work by 1 year and 199 by 2 years[1]

*
136 more productive days of household work by 1 year and 245 by 2 years[1]

*
58 days of social, family, or leisure activities by 1 year and 107 by 2 years[1]

In Cimzia’s pivotal clinical trials reported serious adverse reactions included
infections (including tuberculosis) and malignancies (including lymphoma). The most
common adverse reactions belonged to the system organ classes Infections and
Infestations, reported in 15.5% of patients on Cimzia and 7.6% of patients on placebo,
and General disorders and administration site conditions, reported in 10.0% of patients
on Cimzia and 9.7% of patients on placebo. A pooled analysis of the safety data showed
there was a low incidence of injection site pain (1.5%) and a low level of
discontinuations due to adverse events (5%). Cimzia demonstrated a favorable
risk-benefit profile in patients with at least up to two years of drug exposure.

* Cimzia, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of
moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients when the response
to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate, has been
inadequate. Cimzia can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or
when continued treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate. The recommended starting
dose of Cimzia for adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 400 mg (as 2 injections
of 200 mg each on one day) at weeks 0, 2 and 4, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg
every 2 weeks. MTX should be continued during treatment with Cimzia where appropriate.

For further information
Scott Fleming, Global Communications Manager – Immunology
T +44 770.277.7378, scott.fleming@ucb.com mailto:scott.fleming@ucb.com

Important safety information
The most common adverse reactions belonged to the system organ classes Infections and
infestations, reported in 15.5% of patients on Cimzia and 7.6% of patients on placebo,
and General disorders and administration site conditions, reported in 10.0% of patients
on Cimzia and 9.7% of patients on placebo. The most serious adverse reactions were
serious infections (including tuberculosis and histoplasmosis), malignancies (including
lymphoma) and heart failure. A pooled analysis of the safety data show there was a low
incidence of injection site pain (1.5 percent) and low level of discontinuations due to
adverse events.

Cimzia is contraindicated in patients with active tuberculosis or other severe
infections such as sepsis, abscesses and opportunistic infections and in patients with
moderate to severe heart failure. Before initiation of Cimzia, evaluate patients for
both active or inactive (latent) tuberculosis infection. Monitor patients for the
development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with Cimzia.
If an infection develops, monitor carefully, and stop Cimzia if infection becomes
serious.

Use of TNF blockers, including Cimzia, may increase the risk of reactivation of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients who are chronic carriers of this virus, of new onset
or exacerbation of clinical symptoms and/or radiographic evidence of demyelinating
disease, in the formation of autoantibodies and uncommonly in the development of a
lupus-like syndrome or of severe hypersensitivity reactions following Cimzia
administration. If a patient develops any of these adverse reactions, Cimzia should be
discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.

Adverse reactions of the hematologic system, including medically significant cytopenia,
have been infrequently reported with Cimzia. Advise all patients to seek immediate
medical attention if they develop signs and symptoms suggestive of blood dyscrasias or
infection (e.g., persistent fever, bruising, bleeding, pallor) while on Cimzia. Consider
discontinuation of Cimzia therapy in patients with confirmed significant haematological
abnormalities.

The use of Cimzia in combination with biological DMARDS such as anakinra, abatacept and
rituximab is not recommended due to a potential increased risk of serious infections. As
no data are available, Cimzia should not be administered concurrently with live vaccines
or attenuated vaccines.

Please see full prescribing information before prescribing. This can be accessed at:
www.ema.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/cimzia/emea-combined-h1037en.pdf

http://www.ema.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/cimzia/emea-combined-h1037en.pdf

About CIMZIA
Cimzia is the only PEGylated anti-TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor). Cimzia has a high
affinity for human TNF-alpha, selectively neutralizing the pathophysiological effects of
TNF-alpha. Over the past decade, TNF-alpha has emerged as a major target of basic
research and clinical investigation. This cytokine plays a key role in mediating
pathological inflammation, and excess TNF-alpha production has been directly implicated
in a wide variety of diseases. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved
Cimzia for reducing signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease and maintaining clinical
response in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an
inadequate response to conventional therapy and for the treatment of adults with
moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Cimzia in combination with MTX, is
approved in the EU** for the treatment of moderate to severe active RA in adult patients
inadequately responsive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including MTX.
Cimzia can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or when continued
treatment with MTX is inappropriate. UCB is also developing Cimzia in other autoimmune
disease indications. Cimzia is a registered trademark of UCB PHARMA S.A.

About UCB
UCB, Brussels, Belgium (www.ucb.com http://www.ucb.com ) is a biopharmaceutical
company dedicated to the research, development and commercialization of innovative
medicines with a focus on the fields of central nervous system and immunology disorders.
Employing more than 9000 people in over 40 countries, UCB produced revenue of EUR 3.1
billion in 2009. UCB is listed on Euronext Brussels (symbol: UCB).

Forward-looking statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements based on current plans, estimates
and beliefs of management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that
may cause actual results to be materially different from those that may be implied by
such forward-looking statements contained in this press release. Important factors that
could result in such differences include: changes in general economic, business and
competitive conditions, effects of future judicial decisions, changes in regulation,
exchange rate fluctuations and hiring and retention of its employees.

Reference
1. Strand V, Purcaru O, van Vollenhoven R, Choy E, Fleischmann R. Certolizumab pegol
monotherapy provides sustained improvements in household productivity and daily
activities in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis over two years. Poster presented
at the EULARAnnual European Congress of Rheumatology; 2010, 16-19 June; Rome, Italy.

HUG#1424209

Press release (PDF) http://hugin.info/133973/R/1424209/372881.pdf

UPDATE 1-Roche wins wider EU label for arthritis drug

June 8 (Reuters) – Roche (ROG.VX) said on Tuesday the European Commission had extended the label for its drug Roactemra to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage and improve physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, when given in combination with the older drug methotrexate.

The move had been expected following a positive recommendation from the European Medicines Agency in April.

The drug, which is known as Actemra in the United States, is currently approved for use in combination with methotrexate to treat adults with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who respond inadequately to other treatments.

The new label extension is a recognition that Roactemra can also inhibit structural damage to joints, reinforcing its effectiveness.

(Writing by Ben Hirschler)

Swiss stocks – Factors to watch on June 8

June 8 (Reuters) – Swiss stocks are set to rise on Tuesday in line with other European bourses as an agreement from euro zone finance ministers on the region’s bailout plan improved sentiment.

The Swiss blue-chip index SMI.SSMI was indicated to rise 21 points to 6,310 points, premarket data provided by bank Clariden Leu showed.CLPRE

The following are some of the main factors expected to affect Swiss stocks on Tuesday:

ABB(ABBN.VX)

ABB (ABBN.VX) is buying Chloride Group (CHLD.L) for an agreed 860 million pounds ($1.25 billion), the Swiss engineering group said on Tuesday, announcing its second acquisition within a month.

For related news, click on [ABBN.VX]

ROCHE(ROG.VX)

Roche announced a new licence extension for RoACTEMRA in Europe; RoACTEMRA now indicated to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage and improve physical function in rheumatoid arthritis

For related news, click on [ROG.VX]

UBS (UBSN.VX)

UBS Wealth Management Americas will hire more mortgage consultants for its branch offices as it bulks up its lending services business, a company executive told Reuters.

For related news, click on [UBSN.VX]

VONTOBEL (VONN.S)

Swiss private bank Vontobel (VONN.S) has created a unit to serve wealthy U.S. clients, a reaction to stringent U.S. tax rules after rival UBS (UBSN.VX)(UBS.N) stood accused of helping Americans dodge taxes.

For related news, click on [VONN.S]

ECONOMY [M-CH]

* Swiss unemployment rate eased to 3.8 percent in unadjusted terms in May.

* Swiss government on Tuesday raised its growth and inflation forecast for 2010 but cautioned that the euro zone crisis dampened the outlook for next year.[ID:nZAT010888]

* Swiss consumer price data for May are due at 0715 GMTECONCH

COMPANY STATEMENTS [CNR-CH]

* ARYZTA (ARYN.S) announces its third quarter trading update for the 13 weeks ended 30 April 2010 and strategic acquisitions [ARYN.S]

* Burckhardt Compression (BCHN.S) reports sustained high earnings despite lower order intake and sales [BCHN.S]

* Swissquote (SQN.S) has fully acquired Tradejet AG. with effect from June 7, 2010 [SQN.S]

* Arbonia Forster Holding (AFGN.S) Resignation of the Head of AFG’s Surface Technology Division [AFGN.S]

EQUITY RESEARCH [CH-RCH]

-Goldman Sachs raises ABB LTD (ABBN.VX) to buy from neutral; adds to conviction buy list [ABBN.VX]

FOR COMPANIES TRADING EX-DIVIDEND, PLEASE CLICK ON:

.EX.S for all Swiss stocks

.EXSMI.S for blue chips

.EXNSMI.S for other stocks

VBL Therapeutics to Present Anti-Inflammatory Properties of VBL-201 at Keystone Symposium

TEL AVIV, Israel–(Business Wire)–
VBL Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biotechnology company committed to the
development of novel treatments for immune-inflammatory diseases and cancer,
today announced that the company will present preclinical data from its lead
program, VB-201, at the Keystone Symposium on Bioactive Lipids: Biochemistry and
Diseases. Eyal Breitbart, Ph.D., vice president, research at VBL is scheduled to
present a poster entitled “Lecinoxoids – Novel Anti-inflammatory Oxidized
Phospholipids” on Monday, June 7, 2010 at 12:30 p.m. JST in Kyoto, Japan.

The Keystone Symposium on Bioactive Lipids: Biochemistry and Diseases is a forum
for scientists to share their progress in lipid mediators and the translation
from model systems to an understanding of their role in human physiology,
disease and drug action. Keystone Symposia are recognized as catalysts for
advancing biomedical and life sciences by connecting scientists within and
across disciplines in an environment conducive to information exchange, the
generation of new ideas, and acceleration of applications that benefit society.

VB-201 is the first in a new class of drugs and the lead candidate of several
proprietary phospholipid analogs from VBL`s proprietary Lecinoxoid family that
were designed to be orally available, anti-inflammatory medicines. VB-201 has
successfully completed four Phase 1 clinical trials involving 120 healthy
subjects under a U.S. investigational new drug (IND) application. These Phase 1
trials demonstrated that VB-201 was well tolerated with a favorable safety
profile. Preclinical studies indicate that VB-201 has significant potential to
treat inflammation in chronic diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis,
multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and also found to bring about
regression of atherosclerosis. VB-201 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 2
efficacy and safety study for the treatment of patients with psoriasis.

About VBL Therapeutics

VBL Therapeutics is an innovative, clinical-stage biotechnology company
committed to the development of novel treatments for immune-inflammatory
diseases and cancer. VBL has pioneered the Lecinoxoid class of oral
anti-inflammatory agents and VB-201 is the lead candidate from this program,
which has entered Phase 2 clinical development in patients with psoriasis. In
addition, VBL has a proprietary Vascular Targeting System (VTS) technology
platform that has yielded VB-111, the first dual-action, anti-angiogenic and
vascular disruptive agent (VDA) for cancer, which is expected to enter Phase 2
clinical trials in 2010. The company was founded in 2000 and is based in Tel
Aviv, Israel. VBL has more than 60 granted patents and more than 115 patents
pending. For more information on the company, please visit www.vblrx.com.

Pure Communications
Dan Budwick, 973-271-6085

Copyright Business Wire 2010

VBL Therapeutics to Present Anti-Inflammatory Properties of VBL-201 at Keystone Symposium

TEL AVIV, Israel–(Business Wire)–
VBL Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biotechnology company committed to the
development of novel treatments for immune-inflammatory diseases and cancer,
today announced that the company will present preclinical data from its lead
program, VB-201, at the Keystone Symposium on Bioactive Lipids: Biochemistry and
Diseases. Eyal Breitbart, Ph.D., vice president, research at VBL is scheduled to
present a poster entitled “Lecinoxoids – Novel Anti-inflammatory Oxidized
Phospholipids” on Monday, June 7, 2010 at 12:30 p.m. JST in Kyoto, Japan.

The Keystone Symposium on Bioactive Lipids: Biochemistry and Diseases is a forum
for scientists to share their progress in lipid mediators and the translation
from model systems to an understanding of their role in human physiology,
disease and drug action. Keystone Symposia are recognized as catalysts for
advancing biomedical and life sciences by connecting scientists within and
across disciplines in an environment conducive to information exchange, the
generation of new ideas, and acceleration of applications that benefit society.

VB-201 is the first in a new class of drugs and the lead candidate of several
proprietary phospholipid analogs from VBL`s proprietary Lecinoxoid family that
were designed to be orally available, anti-inflammatory medicines. VB-201 has
successfully completed four Phase 1 clinical trials involving 120 healthy
subjects under a U.S. investigational new drug (IND) application. These Phase 1
trials demonstrated that VB-201 was well tolerated with a favorable safety
profile. Preclinical studies indicate that VB-201 has significant potential to
treat inflammation in chronic diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis,
multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and also found to bring about
regression of atherosclerosis. VB-201 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 2
efficacy and safety study for the treatment of patients with psoriasis.

About VBL Therapeutics

VBL Therapeutics is an innovative, clinical-stage biotechnology company
committed to the development of novel treatments for immune-inflammatory
diseases and cancer. VBL has pioneered the Lecinoxoid class of oral
anti-inflammatory agents and VB-201 is the lead candidate from this program,
which has entered Phase 2 clinical development in patients with psoriasis. In
addition, VBL has a proprietary Vascular Targeting System (VTS) technology
platform that has yielded VB-111, the first dual-action, anti-angiogenic and
vascular disruptive agent (VDA) for cancer, which is expected to enter Phase 2
clinical trials in 2010. The company was founded in 2000 and is based in Tel
Aviv, Israel. VBL has more than 60 granted patents and more than 115 patents
pending. For more information on the company, please visit www.vblrx.com.

Pure Communications
Dan Budwick, 973-271-6085

Copyright Business Wire 2010

Boffins develop ”The Kug”: a kettle and a mug!

London, May 12 (ANI): A mug which doubles as a kettle and features a heating element that can boil water in just 90 seconds to make a cup of tea or coffee has been developed.

Kug is the brainchild of Ben Millett, 21, and Alan Harrison, 22, who came up with it for a design project at the National College of Art and Design in Dublin.

The pair had been tasked with creating a product to help people with rheumatoid arthritis when they created the Kug.

“As part of our research we met people with the condition to talk to them about what kind of problems they encountered on a day-to-day basis,” the Telegraph quoted Millett as saying.

“And when we stopped for lunch we noticed some of the ladies trying to pour a cup of tea. After chatting to them we found out how difficult it was for them to lift a kettle that”s how it all started.

“We looked at the whole process of making a hot drink – from the kettle to putting a tea bag in a cup and filling it with water. And after lots of concepts we ended up with this idea.

“It meant one less object people would have to deal with and it wouldn”t be such a strain on the wrists, hands and fingers,” Millett added.

The design even won the Arthritis Ireland Easy to Use Design Award.

The Kug, similar in size to a travel mug, is made up of two cups.

The outer cup contains the heating filament and is plugged into a base, which is powered through mains electricity.

The inner cup, which contains the liquid, can be removed and washed after every use.

Millett said: “It works just like an ordinary kettle.

“When the water”s boiled you just take the cup off the base and enjoy your drink. You can also adjust the temperate on the base so it keeps the liquid warm until you”re ready.

He added: “It”s energy efficient and saves water because you only put the amount you actually need into the cup. It”s also portable so you can have it at home or take it in the car with you and have it on your desk at work. And it”s much lighter than a kettle.” (ANI)

Boffins discover control mechanism behind autoimmune diseases

Washington, May 5 (ANI): A new control mechanism in our immune system has been discovered by researchers at Karolinska Institutet.

The discovery is of potential significance to the treatment of serious diseases such as MS (multiple sclerosis), rheumatoid arthritis, and SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus).

“Now that we”ve started to understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in these autoimmune diseases, we are hopeful that new treatments can be found,” says Mikael Karlsson, associate professor at the Department of Medicine at Karolinska Institutet in Solna, and one of the team behind the study now published in the highly reputed periodical, The Journal of Experimental Medicine.

An important component of our immune defence is a type of cell called a B cell. Normally, the job of these cells is to produce antibodies, which in turn bind to and neutralise invasive microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses. In people with an autoimmune disease, explains Dr Karlsson, these B cells actually have an injurious effect and instead of serving the body, are activated against its own tissues, which they start to break down.

Patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases have lower levels of so-called NKT cells. Previously, it was not known what part these cells play in the origin and development of the disease; now, however, the research group at KI has shown that this deficiency is a contributory pathogenic factor.

“We”ve demonstrated that NKT cells can regulate how B cells become activated against healthy tissue, and that a lack of NKT cells results in greater misguided B cell activation,” says Dr Karlsson. “So now we can mechanically link the NKT cell defect in patients to the disease.”

The study also shows that the NKT cells directly impede faulty B cell activation, and that they do so early in the misdirected process. The team managed to inhibit the activity of pathogenic B cells by adding NKT cells – a result that may one day lead to new types of treatment. (ANI)

Potential new target for rheumatoid arthritis treatment identified

Washington, March 26 (ANI): Scientists at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a potential new target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

By enhancing the activity of immune cells that protect against runaway inflammation, the researchers have found a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

The researchers found that treating these immune cells with an investigational drug wards off inflammation by holding a particular enzyme at bay.

“This is an unusual mechanism that could provide a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory diseases like Crohn”s disease,” said Michael Dustin, the Irene Diamond Professor of Immunology and professor of pathology at NYU Langone Medical Center.

Joint-destroying rheumatoid arthritis is generally considered an autoimmune disorder spurred on by the hyperactivity of conventional T cells that fight off infections, cancer, and other diseases.

Within the past few years, researchers at NYU and other institutions have learned that other immune system components known as regulatory T cells counterbalance the tendency of conventional T cells to become overactive, thus holding inflammation in check.

These regulatory T cells exert their influence by communicating with other parts of the immune system. Through molecular detective work and powerful microscopy, the new study”s collaborators found that an enzyme known as protein kinase C theta is only partly activated in regulatory T cells.

When the regulatory cells are most active, in fact, most of the interfering enzyme is physically kept far away from the area important for cell-cell communication.

“It”s a very unique distribution. In conventional T cells this enzyme is normally moved to the area where the cells are making contact. But in regulatory T cells, the enzyme is as far away as it can get from where the cells are communicating,” Dustin said.

Based on that observation, the researchers began testing inhibitors of this kinase enzyme, including a molecule known as Compound 20 that had been in development by pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim. Surprisingly, the compound boosted the normal activity of regulatory T cells by about five-fold.

The researchers found that specifically blocking the activity of the kinase enzyme augmented the natural tendency of the regulatory T cell to keep it out of the communication channels. Thus, the compound enhanced the regulatory cells” anti-inflammation activity.

The study has been published in the March 25, 2010 online edition of Science. (ANI)

Hair dye, smoking ‘increase progressive liver disease risk’

Washington, March 24 (ANI): A new research has suggested that hair dye and smoking both increase the risk of progressive liver disease.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which is an early form of liver cirrhosis, is a long-term progressive autoimmune disease, in which environmental factors are thought to play a part.

It causes the liver”s plumbing system of bile ducts to become inflamed, scarred, and blocked, leading to extensive tissue damage and irreversible, and ultimately fatal, liver cirrhosis.

The findings are based on two series of patients, one of which included 318 out of 381 new cases of PBC arising between 1997 and 2003 in the North East of England.

The other series included 2258 out of 3217 members of the United Kingdom PBC Foundation, a national support group for people with the condition.

Finally, 2438 out of 3933 people randomly selected from the electoral roll, and matched for age and sex, were used as a comparison group.

All three groups were sent detailed questionnaires on potential environmental and genetic risk factors associated with PBC.

As expected, autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid and coeliac diseases were all more common among those with PBC. And those with a family history of autoimmune disease were more likely to have PBC.

The skin condition psoriasis, urinary infections, and shingles also significantly increased the likelihood of a PBC diagnosis.

Compared to those selected from the electoral roll, both series of patients were 63 percent more likely to have smoked at some point in their lives, and to have started smoking before their diagnosis.

But patients with PBC were less likely to drink alcohol regularly, although this finding was not statistically significant. Previous research has indicated that alcohol is very unlikely to be a causative factor in PBC.

Less than 1 percent of male respondents used hair dye, whereas half of all the women surveyed did.

When this was investigated among women only, those in the PBC support group were 37 percent more likely to develop PBC than women in the comparison group.

Respondents were not asked how often they dyed their hair, and it is not clear which component of hair dye might be responsible for this finding, say the authors.

But previous research has indicated an association between PBC and chemicals found in cosmetics, particularly octynoic acid, which is used in hair dye and nail polish, they add.

The study has been published in the journal Gut. (ANI)

Turning off oncogene may inhibit lung cancer stem cells’ growth

Washington, Sep 9 (ANI): A lung cancer oncogene, called PKCiota, is necessary for the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells, and turning it off could act as a key for the treatment of this deadly disease, according to scientists at the Mayo Clinic campus in Florida.

These stem cells are rare and powerful master cells that manufacture the other cells that make up lung tumours, and are resistant to chemotherapy treatment.

The study also shows that an agent, aurothiomalate, being tested at Mayo Clinic in a phase I clinical trial substantially inhibits growth of these cancer stem cells.

“Our data indicate that PKCiota is required for the earliest steps in the development of lung cancer, which is the expansion of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells,” said the study’s senior author, Dr. Alan Fields.

“Lung cancer stem cells appear to be the major drivers in many common lung cancers, and in order for a therapeutic treatment to be effective, it has to disrupt these cancer stem cells. We show that aurothiomalate, the agent now being tested in lung cancer patients, can, in fact, target these cells,” he added.

While aurothiomalate was once used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, the researchers have now discovered that it can also target PKCiota.

Currently, the agent is being tested in patients at Mayo Clinic’s sites in Minnesota and Arizona and, based on this phase I trial, a phase II human clinical trial is planned to combine aurothiomalate with agents targeted at other molecules involved in cancer growth.

“We had previously shown that PKCiota is required to maintain tumor growth, but what this study sought to determine is whether PKCiota is involved in the initial steps of lung cancer development,” said Fields.

Fields said that, in mice, an oncogene known as Kras is thought to transform normal lung stem cells into cancer stem cells, thereby initiating lung cancer.

In the present study, the researchers established a strain of mice in which Kras can be activated at the same time that the PKCiota gene is inactivated.

They found that when the PKCiota gene is inactivated, Kras was unable to cause errant growth and expansion of lung stem cells in mice, the process that initiates tumour formation.

“What this told us is that Kras requires PKCiota to transform the lung stem cells and make them proliferate. In other words, PKCiota is downstream from Kras, and is necessary for Kras to initiate lung tumor formation,” said Fields.

After discovering that aurothiomalate disables PKCiota, the researchers tested whether this agent is effective against lung cancer that develops due to Kras mutation.

“The drug showed potent inhibitory effects on the Kras-dependent proliferation of lung cancer stem cells both in cell culture and in animals,” said Fields.

“That further suggests that a drug like aurothiomalate could have an effect on tumors that are dependent on either Kras or PKCiota for growth and survival, and that is potentially a lot of cancers.

Aurothiomalate appears to be one of the few drugs available that can effectively target these critical cancer stem cells. In the clinic, however, it is likely that aurothiomalate will be most effective when combined with other agents designed to target other tumor survival pathways,” he added.

The study has been published in Cancer Research. (ANI)

Gene behind gum disease, osteoporosis, arthritis identified

Washington, Aug 31 (ANI): An international team of researchers have identified a gene that is common in the development of gum disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis.

Experts at Hospital for Special Surgery say that their findings about the gene, called interferon regulator factor-8 (IRF-8), may lead to new treatments in future.

“The study doesn’t have immediate therapeutic applications, but it does open a new avenue of research that could help identify novel therapeutic approaches or interventions to treat diseases such as periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis,” said Nature magazine quoted Dr. Baohong Zhao, a research fellow in the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program at Hospital for Special Surgery located in New York City, as saying.

The researchers discovered that downregulation of IRF-8 (meaning that the gene produces less IRF-8 protein) increases the production of cells called osteoclasts that are responsible for breaking down bone.

In humans and animals, bone formation and bone resorption are closely coupled processes involved in the normal remodelling of bone. Enhanced development of osteoclasts, however, can create canals and cavities that are hallmarks of diseases such as periodontitis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The genome-wide study showed that the expression of IRF-8 was reduced by 75 percent in the initial phases of osteoclast development.

The genetically engineered mice deficient in IRF-8 had decreased bone mass and severe osteoporosis.

The researchers concluded that IRF-8 suppresses the production of osteoclasts.

“This is the first paper to identify that IRF-8 is a novel key inhibitory factor in osteoclastogenesis (production of osteoclasts),” said Zhao.

“We hope that the understanding of this gene can contribute to understanding the regulatory network of osteoclastogenesis and lead to new therapeutic approaches in the future,” Zhao added.

The study has been published in the journal Nature Medicine. (ANI)

New drug helps rescue memory loss in mice with Alzheimer’s disease

Washington, July 15 (ANI): A drug similar to the one used in clinical trials for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis has been found to be effective against Alzheimer’s disease, say researchers.

The drug called PMX205 has been found to prevent inflamed immune cells from gathering in brain regions with Alzheimer’s lesions called amyloid plaques.

Cell inflammation in these areas accelerates neuron damage, exacerbating the disease.

“We used a multidisciplinary approach combining an understanding of immunology and neurobiology to uncover a completely different target than other therapies,” said Andrea Tenner, lead author of the study that led to the findings, and a molecular biology and biochemistry professor at UCI.

During the study, the researchers fed the mice, genetically altered to develop age-related Alzheimer’s-like symptoms, with PMX205 mixed in drinking water for 12 weeks.

The treatment occurred at an age when plaques were accumulating in their brains.

The researchers then gave the treated mice learning and memory tests and examined their brains for evidence of the disease.

The study showed that Alzheimer’s mice that were not given the drug performed significantly worse on the test than normal mice.

But – in all but one case – the treated Alzheimer’s mice performed almost as well as the normal mice.

Those with the rescued cognitive ability had more than 50 percent fewer Alzheimer’s lesions and inflammatory immune cells than the untreated diseased mice.

The study has been published in the Journal of Immunology. (ANI)

Scientists uncover new trigger for chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis

London, June 29 (ANI): Scientists at Imperial College London say that blocking a signal molecule made by the human body, which triggers the immune system into action, may make it possible to develop more effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common autoimmune disease that causes painful and persistent swelling in the joints, which can result in damage to the bone and cartilage.

Considering that around half of all patients do not respond to one or more of the treatments currently available, the researchers say that stopping the disease closer to the root of the problem could be the best way to treat it.

In their study paper, the researchers point out that the body responds to an infection by a microbe by turning on a molecular switch to set the immune system into action.

They say that their findings show that a signal molecule called tenascin-C can trigger the same molecular switch, and also activate the immune system.

They add that high levels of tenascin-C present in joints, therefore, may cause the activated immune system to attack the joint leading to the persistent inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis.

The researchers also reveal that the molecular switch called TLR4 is found on the surface of immune cells.

According to them, studies conducted in the past have shown that mice without TLR4 do not show chronic joint inflammation.

The team hope that scientists can develop new treatments that target the interaction between tenascin-C and TLR4, which may help to combat rheumatoid arthritis.

“Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating and painful disease and, unfortunately, there is no cure. Furthermore, current treatments are not effective for many patients,” Nature magazine quoted Dr. Kim Midwood, lead author of the study from the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at Imperial College London, as saying.

“We have uncovered one way that the immune system may be triggered to attack the joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We hope our new findings can be used to develop new therapies that interfere with tenascin-C activation of the immune system and that these will reduce the painful inflammation that is a hallmark of this condition,” added Dr. Midwood.

The authors say that the next step will be to work out the precise mechanism by which tenascin-C increases these levels of inflammatory molecules in the human joint, and to find ways to inhibit this action.

A research article on their findings has been published in the journal Nature Medicine. (ANI)

Experimental drug gives new hope for rheumatoid arthritis patients

Washington, June 27 (ANI): A drug in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been found to be well tolerated and effective in a clinical trial, say researchers.

The trial of the drug called masitinib was carried out by researchers from several French hospitals. It involved 43 patients with arthritis resistant to current treatments.

Reporting their findings in BioMed Central’s open access journal Arthritis Research and Therapy, the researchers have revealed that treatment with masitinib significantly reduced the severity of active arthritis.

“In choosing which interventions to use for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, it is important to recognise that treatment should aim to keep the disease in remission and not be used intermittently to manage exacerbations. We are encouraged from this study that masitinib not only appears to be effective, but that within the first 3 months of treatment the worst of its side-effects were over, possibly making it suitable for long-term treatment regimens,” said Olivier Hermine, one of the researchers.

“The results of this study also help establish the critical role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrate their viability as a therapeutic target. There is sufficient compelling evidence to warrant further placebo-controlled investigation,” he added.

The researchers have revealed that masitinib inhibits the activity of mast cells, a component of the immune system thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

The clinical improvement described in the study was supported by laboratory evidence of reduced inflammation.

The authors found that adverse effects of the treatment were mainly mild to moderate.

Alain Moussy from AB Science, a pharmaceutical company who are developing masitinib for multiple indications in human and animal medicine, said: “This is a milestone article for us, being the first publication of masitinib in a human study.”

Moussy added: “Our preclinical studies have shown that masitinib selectively targets cell receptors known to be involved in various disease processes but does not affect those associated with toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity.” (ANI)

Healthy teeth can help alleviate rheumatoid arthritis pain

Washington, May 29 (ANI): A new study has shown that people who suffer from gum disease and also have a severe form of rheumatoid arthritis can lower the chronic pain by keeping their teeth healthy.

The research team from Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland suggest that both inflammatory diseases share similarities in the progression over time.

In both diseases, the soft and hard tissues are destroyed from inflammation caused by toxins from bacterial infection.

“It was exciting to find that if we eliminated the infection and inflammation in the gums, then patients with a severe kind of active rheumatoid arthritis reported improvement on the signs and symptoms of that disease,” said Nabil Bissada, D.D.S., chair of the department of periodontics at the dental school.

“It gives us a new intervention,” Bissada added.

Conventionally teeth were pulled or antibiotics were given for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which actually treated the periodontitis, and the patients got better.

Bissada and co-researcher Dr Ali Askari, chair of the department of rheumatology at University Hospitals studied 40 patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease and a severe form of rheumatoid arthritis.

They found that one toxin from the inflamed areas called tumour neurosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is a marker present in the blood when inflammation is present in the body. TNF-a can initiate new infections or aggravate sites where inflammation already exists.

The study showed that after receiving treatment for the gum disease, improvement in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms was seen in patients who did and did not receive the anti-TNF-a medications which block the production of TNF-a that aggravate or can cause inflammation.

“I’m optimistic that someday the biologic agents that we use successfully in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis will lead to improvement of periodontitis and would be available for use and treatment of this perplexing problem,” said Askari.

The study appears in the Journal of Periodontology. (ANI)

Arthritis drug may help fight flu

Washington, May 27 (ANI): A drug commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis has been found to reduce some of the severe symptoms of the Influenza A virus infection, say researchers from University of Maryland.

The study suggests that tempering the response of the body’s immune system to influenza infection may alleviate some of the more severe illness and even reduce mortality from this virus.

The team found that mice infected with the Influenza A virus responded favourably to a drug called Abatacept, which is commonly used to treat people with rheumatoid arthritis.

“We found that treating the mice with Abatacept minimized tissue damage caused by the immune response, but still enabled the body to rid itself of the virus,” said Dr Donna L. Farber, a professor of surgery and microbiology and immunology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the study’s senior author.

“The mice didn’t become as sick, recovered much faster and had much less damage to the lungs, compared to mice that weren’t given the drug.

“Moreover, treatment with Abatacept significantly improved survival for mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza virus,” she added.

The treated mice were 80 percent more likely to survive the infection, compared to 50 percent for those who weren’t treated.

“We believe that our findings are very significant because they provide a potential new treatment for infection by the influenza virus – one that would dampen the immune response, yet still preserve its protective effects,” said Dr. Farber.

The study appears in The Journal of Immunology. (ANI)

Popular cancer drug rituximab may lead to oft-fatal viral brain infection

Washington, May 19 (ANI): Scientists are concerned that the popular cancer drug, rituximab, may increase a person’s chances of acquiring an often fatal viral brain infection, known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML), which attacks the brain’s white matter.

The worries about this possible harmful effect of rituximab emerged after MRI brain scans and biopsies were conducted on a 57-year-old lawyer in New York and an 83-year-old woman in Chicago, both of whom had been taking the drug before they developed the brain infection.

The two patients are currently part of a new study from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine RADAR project, an international consortium of physicians that collaborate to identify adverse reactions to medications and devices, which is being led by Dr. Charles Bennett.

Knowing more about the suggested link between rituximab and PML is important because, besides its use as a cancer drug, this medicine is also used for treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus and autoimmune anaemias.

Bennett has revealed that, from 1997 to 2008, as many as 57 patients with anemia, rheumatoid arthritis or lymphoma developed the fatal brain disease after taking rituximab.

They died an average of two months after being diagnosed, he said.

“Rituximab is one of the most prominent drugs in a new class called monoclonal antibodies. It’s now the third monoclonal antibody that is associated with PML,” added Bennett.

The researcher points out that the brain infection is often overlooked and undiagnosed because it is so subtle at first.

“People may think it’s early Alzheimer’s disease or depression. Many of these patients have cancer and when they die, people assume it’s the cancer that killed them,” he said.

He admitted that it was yet to be found out how rituximab is connected to the brain virus and who might be at risk.

Bennett said that the study results illustrate a need for caution in prescribing rituximab.

“The drug has tremendous usefulness in lymphoma, but as its use expands to diseases that are not cancer, we might have to reconsider the risk benefit. Some cancer patients take this drug chronically for non-fatal chronic leukemia where the risk-benefit calculations differ from lymphoma,” he said.

He suggested if people on rituximab develop any strange neurological symptoms like forgetfulness, disorientation or mood changes, their doctors should be alerted.

A research article on the study has been published in the journal Blood. (ANI)

Arthritis significantly affects computer use

Washington, May 01 (ANI): People with arthritis experience more pain and discomfort while using the computer as compared to the general population of computer users, according to a new study.

Little is known about the magnitude of problems experienced by those with arthritis during computer use, but a new study explored this question among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia (FM).

The study, led by Nancy A. Baker of the University of Pittsburgh, involved 315 arthritis patients who completed a specially designed survey that contained questions on computer use, discomfort experienced while using a chair, desk, keyboard, mouse and monitor, and problems associated with each piece of equipment.

The results showed that many people with arthritis experience both discomfort and problems that could lead to work limitations: 84 percent of respondents reported a problem with computer use attributed to their underlying disorder and 77 percent reported some discomfort related to computer use.

Of the three categories of disease, significantly more respondents with FM reported severe discomfort, more problems and greater limitations related to computer use than those with RA or OA.

“Because those with arthritis may experience pain and discomfort even under ideal circumstances, it is not surprising that the prevalence of respondents reporting discomfort with computer use is considerably higher than the general population of computer users,” the authors said.

Respondents reported problems with finding a comfortable position while using the computer and in manipulating the keyboard and mouse.

It was expected that those with RA and OA would have more problems manipulating the keyboard and mouse than those with FM because of their restricted movements. However, in this study those with FM reported more problems.

The researchers hypothesized several explanations: People with FM may have increased clumsiness due to abnormalities in sensory processing or fatigue, they have diffuse rather than localized pain that may affect manipulation, or those with movement limitations, such as RA and OA, have found it easier to adapt their environment than those with unpredictable diffuse pain, such as FM.

The study was published in the May issue of Arthritis Care and Research. (ANI)

Novel animal model provides sciatica insights

Washington, Apr 30 (ANI): Duke University bioengineers and surgeons have developed a new animal model for the painful nerve condition, known as sciatica, which could offer insights to help researchers diagnose and treat it.

Sciatica is characterised by numbness or pain from the lower back to the feet, radiating leg pain or difficulty in controlling the leg.

It is often caused by compression, or pinching, of any of the five nerve roots that combine to make up the sciatic nerve. These roots are the parts of the nerve that pass through openings in the spine to the spinal cord.

Dr. Mohammed Shamji, a neurosurgery resident, led the surgical simulation of nerve compression in rats, and observed that the animals’ gait became asymmetric, and that they over-responded to temperature changes and touch in their limbs after the surgery.

And for the first time, they found that the physical symptoms experienced by the affected animals were apparently linked to an increase in levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-a protein involved in regulating the inflammatory response.

Already, increased IL-17 levels have been implicated in such autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma.

“This finding suggests a possible role for immune system activation in contributing to symptoms of sciatica. This offers new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease, and may also identify novel therapeutic targets to treat it,” said Shamji.

“If immune system activation is involved, and it turns out to be an important part of the condition, it is possible that existing or new drugs that can block this immune response could offer relief to patients. This new model should help us find answers for a disorder that has few good treatments,” said a co-author of the study.

The results of the study were published online in the journal Spine. (ANI)

Lack of sunshine vitamin ‘raises inflammation risk in women’

Washington, April 9 (ANI): Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation, a negative response of the immune system, even in healthy women, a new study has found.

A University of Missouri nutritional sciences researcher said that increased concentrations of serum Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), an inflammatory marker, were found in women who had insufficient vitamin D levels.

This study is the first to find an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and concentrations of TNF in a healthy, non-diseased population.

This may explain the vitamin’s role in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases, including heart disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

“The findings reveal that low vitamin D levels negatively impact inflammation and immune response, even in healthy women,” said Catherine Peterson, assistant professor in the MU College of Human Environmental Sciences.

“Increased inflammation normally is found in people with obesity or chronic diseases; a small decrease in vitamin D levels may aggravate symptoms in people who are sick,” Peterson added.

Peterson said that the results support the need to re-examine the biological basis for determining the dietary reference intake (DRI) of vitamin D.

The study has been published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. (ANI)