Fancamp Exploration Ltd.: Fermont Property Joint Venture

VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Jun 09 (MARKET WIRE) —
Fancamp Exploration Ltd. (TSX VENTURE: FNC) wishes to announce that
Champion Minerals Inc. has earned a 65% interest in the 50% held Fermont
Iron Property by making total cash payments of $1,000,000, issuing
2,900,000 common shares of Champion and completion of $6,000,000 in work
expenditures. With Champion completing its earn-in, a 65% – 35% joint
venture will be formed between Champion Minerals Inc.(65%), Fancamp
Exploration Ltd.(17 1/2%) and the Sheridan Platinum Group (17 1/2%).
Fancamp and Sheridan retain a 3% Net Smelter Returns royalty, one third
of which may be purchased by Champion for $3,000,000.

Fancamp is looking forward to participating in further exploration
undertakings with our 17 1/2 % interest.

Refer to the Champion website for further details -
www.championminerals.com.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD

Peter H. Smith, PhD., P.Eng., President

S.E.C. Exemption: 12(g)3-2(b)

Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as
that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts
responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Contacts:
Fancamp Exploration Ltd.
Peter H. Smith, PhD., P.Eng.
President
514-481-3172
www.fancampexplorationltd.ca

Copyright 2010, Market Wire, All rights reserved.

MichBio Issues Statement at Mackinac Policy Conference on Release of Battelle/BIO State Biosciences Initiative 2010

MACKINAC ISLAND, MI, Jun 03 (MARKET WIRE) —
During a press conference this morning at the Detroit Regional Chamber’s
Mackinac Policy Conference, Stephen Rapundalo, PhD, president and chief
executive officer of MichBio, the statewide biosciences industry
association, spoke to the strength and development of Michigan’s
biosciences industry relative to a recent national and state-by-state
bio-industry analysis and in-state life sciences survey. The analysis was
part of the Battelle/BIO State Biosciences Initiatives 2010 Report that
was released in early May.(1)

The study examined the strength of the bioscience industry in all 50
states and Puerto Rico, and looked at employment and growth trends
through 2008, the first year of the economic downturn. Mr. Pete
Pellerito, senior policy consultant, Biotechnology Industry Organization
(BIO), and co-lead on the Battelle/BIO Report, joined Dr. Rapundalo in
discussing the Michigan assessment.

There were some encouraging signs in the Battelle/BIO data for Michigan’s
bio-industry. The report showed a rise in both total bioscience
employment for Michigan to 37,180 (a 9.8% increase from 33,832 in 2008)
and in the number of establishments to 1,118 (a 7.6% increase from 1,039
in 2008).(2) For the 2001-2008 period, Michigan witnessed an overall
growth in bioscience employment of 5.6% and a 13.2% growth in
establishments, easily outpacing the otherwise decline in Michigan’s
total private sector of -0.4% in establishments and -9.7% in employment.
(The report counts companies that are not included by state officials,
such as manufacturing suppliers.(3) MichBio puts the number at about 550
bioscience companies and institutions statewide.)

However, the new report noted that Michigan has made real headway in only
one of four biotech sectors historically tracked by the report. A
sizeable boost in establishments and employment was observed in the
Research, Testing, and Medical Laboratories sector, and grew faster than
the national average. This growth is due mostly to the increased numbers
of entrepreneurial R&D start-ups as a consequence of downsizing in the
pharmaceutical and medical device sectors, and the greater need for
diagnostic and medical testing to support the state’s healthcare systems.

Employment in agricultural feedstock and chemicals saw growth above the
national average too, but the overall numbers were low. Michigan’s share
of total U.S. employment in all four bioscience sectors was considered to
be small (i.e., 1-2.9%). Michigan’s location quotients (LQs) for the
various bioscience sectors consistently listed below 1.0, an indicator
that the state is not heavily concentrated in the industry relative to
the nation.

The Battelle/BIO report highlighted some additional noteworthy facts for
Michigan. Kalamazoo is one of only fifteen metro areas in the nation with
“specialization” in three out of the four areas — drugs and
pharmaceuticals, medical devices and equipment, and research and testing.
Detroit ranked 10th in the nation for those MSAs with the overall largest
employment levels (size) in research, testing and medical laboratories
and those with the highest LQs (concentration) among their respective
size categories. Ann Arbor, Holland-Grand Haven, Nieles-Benton Harbor,
Jackson, Monroe and Saginaw-Saginaw Township North were identified as
having the highest LQs in various bioscience sectors for their respective
MSA sizes.

Generally, the Battelle/BIO study ranked Michigan as being in the second
or third tiers depending on the performance metric. Michigan did not
appear in any top ten rankings except for academic R&D expenditures,
FY2008 (#10), and number of higher education degrees in bioscience
fields, AY2008 (#8). Most importantly, it failed to register in the upper
echelons of states for performance areas related to commercialization.

Dr. Rapundalo commented that “while Michigan has a good foundation in
bioscience academic research and some favorable improvements in certain
performance areas, it has failed to develop a more robust sector that can
truly reposition the state as a biosciences industry leader. We must
identify, leverage and promote our sector strengths if Michigan is to
realize a robust bio-industry.”

The Battelle/BIO report also recognized that Michigan was in the upper
tier of states in terms of number of clinical trials initiated in 2009;
its ranking had improved to #17 for the number of bioscience and related
patents issued over the last five years (up from #21 in 2008), and most
significantly, venture capital investment in the biosciences improved its
ranking to #18 (from #21 in 2008). However, its position dropped somewhat
for the amount of employment in bioscience-related occupations (a
barometer for talent recruitment and retention).

Although Rapundalo emphasized the positive trends in Michigan’s
bio-industry, he cautioned that the continued growth is not guaranteed,
mostly because of a lack of a coordinated strategic plan for developing
the state’s bio-industry, an insufficient amount of venture capital
available, and an absence in commitment and consistency in providing
adequate industry-specific resources. However, he concluded that state
policymakers have the ability and means to ensure that these challenges
are addressed in order to improve Michigan’s competitiveness in the
national and global biosciences economies.

Rapundalo was quick to point out that “the Battelle/BIO numbers shouldn’t
be too surprising… it’s like the old adage, ‘you only get out of
something what you put into it’ — we reap a certain return based on the
investment we’ve made. We need enhanced tax credits for angel and
early-stage investors, grants for bioscience capital infrastructure
expansion, higher state matching for SBIR/STTR grants, improved R&D tax
credits, and favorable and simple corporate tax policies. MichBio would
like to see a roundtable or expert panel made up of bioscience CEOs that
can advise the state on initiatives and programs needed to grow the
bio-industry.”

Dr. Rapundalo went on to call for establishing a strategic partnership in
economic development between the bio-industry and the state; one that is
rooted in a thorough understanding of the industry’s capabilities and
assets, and a concerted effort that brings MichBio’s expert knowledge of
the industry with the state’s economy-building efforts. “Michigan needs
bold and unwavering support through both good and challenging times that
can lead to real expansion and economic growth of a powerful biosciences
industry. We can’t simply watch other states, especially those in the
Midwest eclipse our strength in the biosciences, simply because they’ve
figured out a game plan and are a following a clear path to meaningful
long-term outcomes and successes.”

“MichBio will give further careful review of the Battelle/BIO report to
glean strategic insights for the industry in Michigan,” said Rapundalo.
“We know that 2008-09 have been difficult years for our industry, with
significant contraction for our larger firms and scarcity of capital for
our emerging companies. MichBio looks forward to working with our
membership, our state and federal elected officials, and other key
stakeholders to ensure that Michigan continues to grow new bioscience
companies and jobs, while retaining and strengthening current bio-economy
enterprises, and thereby insure our economic recovery and growth.”

The Battelle/BIO 2010 report findings were further borne out via a life
sciences survey conducted in the last two weeks by MichBio in
collaboration with Crain’s and Honigman. Industry respondents indicated
overwhelmingly (78%) that the state doesn’t “have sufficient and
appropriate policies, resources and programs in place that allow biotech
companies to be established and grow.” Specifically, over 87% of
respondents rated the lack of venture capital for the bio-industry as
fair (47.6%) to poor (39.5%). They also noted that the state should place
greater emphasis on growing the diagnostics/research products and
bio-based technologies sectors. The majority (72.8%) rated the
availability of skilled talent for the bio-industry as either good or
excellent. A multitude of descriptive comments were collected too, many
of which focused on improving the business climate for bioscience
companies, enhanced promotion of the state’s bio-industry’s assets and
capabilities, and above all, a visible and consistent commitment to
growing the industry.

About MichBio
MichBio is the association for Michigan’s biosciences
industry. It is committed to driving industry growth by fostering the
collective impact of its members and by providing them with education,
information, connections and services. MichBio represents more than 240
biosciences companies, academic and research institutions, biosciences
service providers, and related organizations throughout Michigan.

About BIO
BIO represents more than 1,200 biotechnology companies,
academic institutions, state biotechnology centers and related
organizations across the United States and in more than 30 other nations.
BIO members are involved in the research and development of innovative
healthcare, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology
products. BIO also produces the BIO International Convention, the world’s
largest gathering of the biotechnology industry, along with
industry-leading investor and partnering meetings held around the world.

(1) Battelle/BIO State Biosciences Initiatives 2010. Battelle Technology
Partnership Practice, May 2010. (See
http://www.bio.org/local/battelle2010 for full and individual state
reports).

(2) Battelle/BIO State Biosciences Initiatives 2008, Battelle Technology
Partnership Practice, June 2008. (See http://bio.org/local/battelle2008
for full and individual state reports).

(3) Establishments are counted for component industries as identified by
NAICS codes reported by companies including code changes implemented in
2007 that now distinguish R&D activities in “biotechnology.”

Contact:
Stephen Rapundalo
734.527.9144
734.476.0648
srapundalo@michbio.org

Copyright 2010, Market Wire, All rights reserved.

100,000 US students to visit China in four years

Beijing, May 27 (IANS) China will receive 100,000 US students in the next four years as part of the education cooperation programme, a Chinese official has said.

The two countries have agreed on an exchange programme under which American students will come to study Chinese language or do research, said Zhang Xiuqin, director of Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the Ministry of Education.

The agreement was signed during the second round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue, which concluded Tuesday in Beijing, Xinhua reported.

Principals of some US primary and secondary schools and Chinese language teachers in the US will be invited to China as part of the project.

American college students will also be invited to participate in summer language camps in China. And, under the agreement, 10,000 Chinese post-graduates will go to the US to pursue PhD.

Zhang said the project will provide an opportunity to Chinese graduates to study in US universities and research institutes.

Stroke lettuces to make them taste nicer!

London, May 12 (ANI): The next time you want to make lettuce taste nicer, try stroking it, a Brit researcher has advised.

Steve Rothwell, a farmer and self-declared “leaf boffin”, says salad can be made tastier if one shows it some affection.

“If they are growing in polytunnels or greenhouses, lettuce leaves respond well to stroking,” the Daily Express quoted Rothwell, who got his PhD from Bath University, as saying.

He added: “Touching the plants stimulates the same enzyme as wind-rustling and produces leaves of superior colour and flavour.

“I’m completely passionate about creating the best possible salad.” (ANI)

Get a doctorate in your dreams

Dreaming of an advanced degree? Try a doctorate in dreams, something which could soon become a reality in a new academy offering undergraduate and graduate degrees.

Yusuf al-Harthy, a well-known Saudi dream interpreter, plans to start up an institute offering bachelors and masters degrees as well as even a PhD in explaining dreams and visions, Al-Hayat newspaper reported.

“Dream interpretation is by nature a way of counselling a person,” said Mr Harthy, who already runs an instructional website on deciphering the meaning of dreams.

His academy will be linked to an unnamed Arab university, he said.

Islam has a long history of dream interpretation, with the seventh century-born scholar Muhammad Ibn Sirin, a native of Basra in present-day Iraq, credited with authoring a classic Islamic catalogue on dream interpretation.

Mr Harthy, who discusses dreams on radio and television shows, disagrees with the Saudi Islamic Affair’s Ministry view that dream interpretation is not a teachable science but something born of inspiration, Al-Hayat reported.

Men worry more about mates’ beliefs rather than partners’ when it comes to size of penis

Melbourne, September 16 (ANI): An Australian study suggests that men seem to be more concerned about what their mates think rather than their partners, when it comes to the stature and size of their penis.

Annabel Chan, a PhD student at Melbourne’s Victoria University who obtained penis measurements from more than 500 men worldwide, describes this phenomenon as the “locker room syndrome”.

She has revealed that the men also answered questions designed to probe the link between penis size, male body image and mental health.

“It’s the locker room syndrome,” the Courier Mail quoted her as saying.

“That’s when they feel they should be bigger whereas when they are on their own they are actually quite happy with themselves,” she added.

During the study, the researchers asked the men, aged 18 to 76, to indicate their ideal body size, and compare that to what they believed other men would nominate.

About 65 per cent of the participants said that their ideal male body size would be smaller than the ideal size suggested by others.

The men were also asked whether they believed they would be a better sexual partner if they had a bigger penis.

Chan said: “(The men were) more concerned about how their overall body-size compared to the perceived male ideal than they are about how their size might impact on their sexual relations.”

The online survey asked men to measure their erect penises.

Chan said that she expected to receive some overstated measurements, but the self-reported data fell within the normal range of about 10 to 15cm.

“I thought people would report themselves as being very big, but they have been quite average,” she said.

The study showed that men with larger than average penises also reported higher levels of self-esteem, better general health and higher overall body satisfaction.

It further revealed that men who were happy with the size of their penis were also less likely to have used an online dating service, or to have used Viagra.

Overweight men had lower self-esteem, higher body dissatisfaction and greater use of the Internet for socialising, said the researchers.

“We have relatively little data about the body image of men because most of the research in this area concentrates on women,” Chan said.

“It means men don’t really get much help in terms of therapy, and options out there to get help,” she added. (ANI)

Cracks on Mars a result of evaporating lakes in ancient times

Washington, September 16 (ANI): Networks of giant polygonal troughs etched across crater basins on Mars have been identified as desiccation cracks caused by evaporating lakes, providing further evidence of a warmer, wetter Martian past.

The findings were presented at the European Planetary Science Congress by PhD student M. Ramy El Maarry of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research.

The polygons are formed when long cracks in the surface of the Martian soil intersect.

El Maarry investigated networks of cracks inside 266 impact basins across the surface of Mars and observed polygons reaching up to 250 meters in diameter.

Polygonal troughs have been imaged by several recent missions but, until now, they have been attributed to thermal contractions in the Martian permafrost.

El Maarry created an analytical model to determine the depth and spacing of cracks caused by stresses building up through cooling in the Martian soil.

He found that polygons caused by thermal contraction could have a maximum diameter of only about 65 meters, much smaller than the troughs he was seeing in the craters.

“I got excited when I saw that the crater floor polygons seemed to be too large to be caused by thermal processes. I also saw that they resembled the desiccation cracks that we see on Earth in dried up lakes,” said El Maarry.

“The stresses that build up when liquids evaporate can cause deep cracks and polygons on the scale I was seeing in the craters,” he added.

El Maarry identified the crater floor polygons using images taken by the MOC camera on Mars Global Surveyor and the HiRISE and Context cameras on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

The polygons in El Maarry’s survey had an average diameter of between 70 and 140 kilometers, with the width of the actual cracks ranging between 1 and 10 meters.

Evidence suggests that between 4.6 and 3.8 billion years ago, Mars was covered in significant amounts of water.

Rain and river water would have collected inside impact crater basins, creating lakes that may have existed for several thousand years before drying out.

However, according to El Maarry, in the northern hemisphere, some of the crater floor polygons could have been formed much more recently.

“When a meteorite impacts with the Martian surface, the heat can melt ice trapped beneath the Martian crust and create what we call a hydrothermal system. Liquid water can fill the crater to form a lake, covered in a thick layer of ice. Even under current climatic conditions, this may take many thousands of years to disappear, finally resulting in the desiccation patterns,” said El Maarry. (ANI)

How people lose muscles as they get older

Washington, Sep 12 (ANI): Even the most well-built people tend to loose their muscles and develop thinner arms and legs as they get older, and researchers in Nottingham have now explained why this happens.

As age catches up, it becomes harder to keep our muscles healthy-they get smaller, which decreases strength and increases the likelihood of falls and fractures.

The researchers have already shown that when older people eat, they cannot make muscle as fast as the young, and now they have found that the suppression of muscle breakdown, which also happens during feeding, is blunted with age.

Led by Michael Rennie, the scientists and doctors at The University of Nottingham Schools of Graduate Entry Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, believe that a ‘double whammy’ affects people aged over 65.

But the team think that weight training may “rejuvenate” muscle blood flow, and help retain muscle for older people.

The study’s results may explain the ongoing loss of muscle in older people- when they eat they do not build enough muscle with the protein in food and also, the insulin (a hormone released during a meal) fails to shut down the muscle breakdown that rises between meals and overnight.

Normally, in young people, insulin acts to slow muscle breakdown.

These problems could be a result of a failure to deliver nutrients and hormones to muscle because of a poorer blood supply.

In the study, the researchers compared one group of people in their late 60s to a group of 25-year-olds, with equal numbers of men and women.

Professor Rennie said: “The results were clear. The younger people’s muscles were able to use insulin we gave to stop the muscle breakdown, which had increased during the night. The muscles in the older people could not.”

“In the course of our tests, we also noticed that the blood flow in the leg was greater in the younger people than the older ones. This set us thinking: maybe the rate of supply of nutrients and hormones is lower in the older people? This could explain the wasting we see,” he added.

Later, Beth Phillips, a PhD student working with Rennie, confirmed the blunting effect of age on leg blood flow after feeding, with and without exercise.

The team predicted that weight training would reduce this blunting.

“Indeed, she found that three sessions a week over 20 weeks ‘rejuvenated’ the leg blood flow responses of the older people. They became identical to those in the young,” said Rennie.

The study has been published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. (ANI)

Why diet drugs work

London, Sept 11 (ANI): Diet drugs work because they make people eat more healthily, claim psychologists.

In the study, presented at the British Psychological Society’s Division of Health Psychology conference in Birmingham, researchers found that dieters who lost the most weight on the drugs had also reduced the amount of fatty junk food they ate.

However, some people reacted differently to starting the drugs, taking them as a license to eat more unhealthy food such as crisps, reports The Telegraph.

To reach the conclusion, researchers analysed data of 572 people who had been prescribed the diet drug orlistat by their doctor.

The drug works by reducing the amount of fat absorbed by the body.However, this fat is them eliminated in bowel movements, which can cause disagreeable side effects.

Amelia Hollywood, a PHD student at the University of Surrey and one of the researchers who carried out the study, said: “Our findings support the idea that orlistat works not only on a physical level, but also psychologically – as it encourages people to see their diet as a cause of their weight problem.

“In addition, the side effects are so unpleasant that people avoid bad eating fatty foods and therefore lose weight.

“However, the way in which some people responded to orlistat was surprising.

“Some participants in this study reported that their eating behaviour became significantly unhealthier over the six month period.”

She added: “People also told us that they were not adhering to the medication as they should. It seemed that these people were taking orlistat as a lifestyle drug – choosing to take it when they were eating foods higher in fat to reduce any weight gain or not taking it when going on holiday or out for a meal as they didn’t want to experience the consequences of eating fatty foods.”

The preliminary findings found that on average those taking the diet pills lost almost 10lb over six months. (ANI)

Newly developed thin films show promise for solar applications

Washington, September 9 (ANI): Researchers at Ben-Gurion University (BGU) of the Negev in Israel have developed thin films that exhibit carrier multiplication (CM), which shows promise future solar applications.

The films were synthesized at BGU by Professor Yuval Golan and PhD student Anna Osherov of the Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.

One of the important factors limiting solar-cell efficiency is that incident photons generate only one electron-hole pair, irrespective of the photon energy.

Any excess photon energy is lost as heat.

Carrier Multiplication (CM) has been thought to be enhanced significantly in nanocrystalline materials such as quantum dots, owing to their discrete energy levels and enhanced Coulomb interactions.

The BGU team demonstrated that contrary to this expectation, for a given photon energy, carrier multiplication occurs more efficiently in bulk PbS and PbSe films than in nanocrystalline films of the same materials.

“Films developed at BGU show CM, in which each incoming photon (tiny quantity of sunlight) creates more than one electron-hole pair,” Golan explained.

“This can potentially be used for making more efficient solar cells. The new physics behind this work are that while CM has been mostly demonstrated in nanocrystalline materials (“quantum dots”), we now show that CM can be obtained also in single crystal (‘bulk’) films of lead sulfide and lead selenide,” he said.

Notably, the films were prepared using chemical solution deposition, an attractive, inexpensive deposition technique for which the Golan group at BGU has received considerable recognition. (ANI)

Early life nurturing influences social behaviors in adulthood

Washington, Sept 1 (ANI): A new study, conducted by researchers at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, has shown that early life nurturing impacts later life relationships.

The researchers used prairie voles as a model to understand the neurochemistry of social behavior.

Prairie voles are small, highly social, hamster-sized rodents that often form stable, life-long bonds between mates.

By influencing early social experience in prairie voles, researchers gained insight into what aspects of early social experience drive diversity in adult social behavior.

In the wild, there is striking diversity in how offspring are reared. Some pups are reared by single mothers, some by both parents and some in communal family groups.

For the study, Todd Ahern, a graduate student in the Emory University Neuroscience Program, and Larry Young, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Yerkes Research Center and Emory University School of Medicine, compared pups raised by single mothers (SM) to pups raised by both parents (BP) to determine the effects of these types of early social environments on adult social behavior.

“Our findings demonstrate that SM- and BP-reared animals experienced different levels of care during the neonatal period and that these differences significantly influenced bonding social behaviors in adulthood,” Ahern said.

Young added: “These results suggest naturalistic variation in social rearing conditions can introduce diversity into adult nurturing and attachment behaviors. SM-raised pups were slower to make life-long partnerships, and they showed less interest in nurturing pups in their communal families.

The researchers also found differences in the oxytocin system. Oxytocin is best known for its roles in maternal labor and suckling, but, more recently, it has been tied to prosocial behavior, such as bonding, trust and social awareness.

“Very simply, altering their early social experience influenced adult bonding,” Ahern said.

Further studies will look at the altered oxytocin levels in the brain to determine how these hormonal changes affect relationships.

The study is currently available online in a special edition of Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. (ANI)

Indian prodigy boy completes PhD in physics at the age of 21

Bangalore, Aug 28 (ANI): After creating waves by completing Bachelors’ degree at the age of 10 and Masters at 12, Tathagat Avatar Tulsi, well known as child prodigy has achieved another milestone by becoming a PhD in Physics.

He has completed his doctorate in Physics at the age of 21 from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore, spending six years like anyone else.

Tulsi has the special distinction of being one of the world’s youngest scientists.

He credited his family members especially his father for helping him achieve the feat.

“Of course, there is some gift part there. I cannot ignore that because not all six-year-old boys are that sharp in Maths and have that kind of memory, which I had. So I think that there was a gift and I feel very lucky that I got proper environment in terms of my family members particularly my father. He did his best to encourage my talent,” said Tulsi.

The young Indian scientist has an invite from the Institute for Quantum Computing at the University of Waterloo, Canada, for post- doctoral work.

But he wants to continue his research in software development for quantum computing, the super fast future of number crunching in India given a chance and proper funding.

He said that he hopes to set up his own quantum computing company someday and is working hard for it.

Tulsi got a place for himself in the Guinness Book of World Records for holding MSc in physics from Patna University, at the age of 12 years and 2 months in 1999.

A native of Bihar, he was born into a lower middle-class family on September 9, 1987. His over ambitious parents wanted him to finish studies at the very young age to break all the world records.

Apart from spending his time amid an array of computers, Tulsi likes to play badminton, snookers, billiards and loves to listen to music. (ANI)

Soon, soundwaves may help find early dental decay

Washington, Aug 25 (ANI): Aussie researchers are developing a tool that can use sound waves to identify early stages of tooth decay by measuring the mineral content of teeth.

Tooth decay begins by acid-forming bacteria eating away at the enamel, causing minerals to leach from it, softening, and weakening the tooth.

Sometimes dentists can identify this demineralisation by seeing a change in the colour of the tooth, or by looking at x-rays.

They also use sharp probes that test the hardness of the enamel, and find where the rot has set in, but all such probes can be painful and cause unnecessary damage to the teeth.

But PhD researcher David Hsiao-Chuan Wang, from the University of Sydney, and colleagues are now developing a less invasive new technique to measure mineral content of teeth, using sound waves generated by laser pulses.

“We want to be able to be able to quantify mineral content of the dental enamel,” ABC Online quoted Wang as saying.

He added: “We can keep the laser power below a damaging threshold.”

Laser pulses aimed at the tooth set up a series of high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that travel through the enamel surface, penetrating it to different depths.

As a soundwave moves through a demineralised part of the tooth, it changes its speed, which can be detected.

Each soundwave penetrates to different depths of the enamel, depending on its wavelength, enabling a profile of the tooth to be built up, showing where decay has begun.

The researchers first tested the system on different known materials, before testing it on extracted human tooth.

They still have to test the system on teeth in patients, but firstly they need to develop a convenient handheld device and obtain ethics permission to trial it in humans.

Wang said that a prototype of the hand-held device could be ready in two years.

Professor Ian Meyers of the Australian Dental Association has said that testing the technique in the mouth is important, as saliva affects the property of teeth enamel.

Meyers also said that when decay was detected early, fillings could be avoided by either stopping the demineralisation through better oral care.

Otherwise, it could also be possible to re-mineralise the tooth by using products specifically designed for this purpose.

He said that the new technique could add to the range of tools available for dentists to identify early stages of decay, as long as it is affordable

Wang has estimated that the new tool would cost “below 50,000 dollars”, and complement rather than replace conventional methods.

He said that the ultrasound technique would be particularly useful in research, especially in evaluating the effectiveness of remineralisation treatments.

The study has been published in the journal Optics Express. (ANI)

Indian NGOs want Malay Govt. to save Indian Studies Dept at University of Malaya

Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Aug 18(ANI): A group of India-based Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have expressed their wish for the Malaysian Government to intervene in the controversy surrounding the Indian Studies Department (ISD) at the University of Malaya, to solve the issues immediately.

According to reports, a meeting was also organised by the Tamil Foundation in Kuala Lumpur to talk about means to save the department.

Spokesperson for the group, S. Arumugam said that their goal is to ensure that the department remained intact, and not be absorbed into another newly formed department, The Star online reports.

The ISD has been tangled in a leadership crisis of late, and in a recent scandal misconduct was found in the marking of PhD thesis papers where several undeserving students were awarded with first class honours degrees.

Earlier, a heated argument was also reported among the teaching staff, citing appointment of a non-Indian head of the department. (ANI)

Kids better than adults when it comes to face recognition

Melbourne, August 18 (ANI): Kids are better at distinguishing other children’s faces than adults, scientists have found.

According to Tirta Susilo, of the psychology department at the Australian National University in Canberra, and his colleagues, kids had stronger holistic processing, which is how the brain recognises faces, for other kids than the adults did.

“When you think about it, faces are all alike. They all have to eyes, a nose, a mouth and they all share the same structure … [yet] we find it very easy to discriminate and recognise hundreds even thousands of faces with ease,”" ABC Science quoted him as saying.

Susilo, who headed the study for a PhD, under the supervision of Dr Elinor McKone, said one reason behind kids’ greater holistic processing of other childrens’ faces could be because they spend so much time with each other in schools.

And the chances of the surrounding environment in contributing towards the development of holistic processing was also not ruled out.

Susilo said: “Both recognition memory and holistic processing is stronger/better for the type of faces you interact with the most in everyday life.

“For example, an Asian born in Australia would show strong holistic processing for both Asian and Caucasian faces – assuming that this person experiences both types of faces in everyday life.”

The findings were published in the journal PLoS One. (ANI)

David Foster Wallace | American Author of Novels | Professor at Pomona College | Gail Kennedy Memorial Prize

David Foster Wallace | American Author of Novels | Professor at Pomona College | Gail Kennedy Memorial Prize

David Foster Wallace 21st February 1962 – 12th September 2008,  was born in Ithaca, New York, was an American author of novels, essays and short-stories, and a professor at Pomona College in Claremont, California. He was best known for his 1996 novel Infinite Jest which Time included in its All-Time 100 Greatest Novels list.

His philosophy senior thesis on modal logic, titled Richard Taylor’s ‘Fatalism’ and the Semantics of Physical Modality was awarded the Gail Kennedy Memorial Prize.

He received his Ph.D. from Cornell in 1963. His mother, Sally Foster Wallace, attended graduate school in English Composition at the University of Illinois and became a professor of English at Parkland College — a community college in Champaign — where she won a national Professor of the Year award in 1996. Wallace married painter Karen L. Green on 27th December 2004. He had a close relationship with their two dogs, Bella and Warner.

Wallace committed suicide on12th September 2008, as confirmed by the27th October 2008 autopsy report. Wallace’s father reported that Wallace had suffered from depression for more than 20 years .Numerous gatherings were held to honor Wallace after his death, including memorial services at Pomona College, Amherst College, and on 23rd October 2008.

Positive parental attitude can help stop child obesity epidemic

Washington, Aug 9 (ANI): An eminent obesity expert has said that parents can help to prevent obesity in children by helping them with their eating habits and building a healthy body image.

According to Edward Abramson, PhD and professor emeritus at California State University, parents can ward off obesity by getting their children to eat better food and exercise.

Dr. Abramson said childhood obesity has increased fourfold in the last 40 years, which may make today’s children to become the first generation to have a shorter lifespan than their parents.

Speaking at the American Psychological Associations’ 117th Annual Convention, the expert said that in the last decade, “we’ve seen a [tenfold] increase in Type-2 diabetes and psychological and social consequences, such as prejudice, rejection, discrimination and low self-esteem in children…More than 60 percent of overweight children have one risk factor for cardiovascular disease and 20 percent have two or more risk factors.”

Abramson said, “emotional eating” or eating when one is not hungry may trigger off obesity.

“This can lead to a weight problem or an eating disorder,” he added. “Parents’ attitudes and behaviours also have an influence on children’s eating, and mothers more than fathers affect children’s eating habits and body image.”

He noted that multiple factors contribute to a mother’s concern for her child’s weight problems.

“For example, there is evidence that minority parents (e.g., African-American, Hispanic) are less concerned about their children’s weight…. Often, when a mother is struggling with her own weight, she becomes more involved in regulating her daughter’s eating. In general, mothers are more concerned than fathers about their child’s weight, especially their daughter’s, and are more likely to restrict foods,” the expert added.

According to Abramson children are genetically coded with a tongue for sweet and salty tastes.

“For these children, it may take several repetitions (10 or more) to have a child try a new food, but parents should retreat gracefully and try again another day rather than get into a battle of wills when the child refuses a food,” he said.

He also spelled out a way to get children to try out new and healthy foods.

“If the child is in the kitchen cooking with Mom or Dad, it’s unlikely that he/she will refuse the food that they’ve helped prepare, ” he added.

Abramson pointed out that physical activity could prevent children to gain extra flab even if there is a familial tendency to gain weight. (ANI)

Now, a simple computer game that can help stop smammers in their tracks

Washington, July 16 (ANI): Computer scientists at Newcastle University have come up with a simple game that can turn a tedious manual labelling task into a form of light entertainment, and simultaneously help companies improve their chances of tackling online spammers.

Dr. Jeff Yan and his PhD student Su-Yang Yu call their innovation ‘Magic Bullet’.

The researchers highlight the fact that commercial websites like Google and Yahoo use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) to defend against malicious Internet bots, which spread junk emails or grab thousands of free email accounts.

They say that a common approach to testing its robustness is to try and attack or break the scheme.

According to them, this involves acquiring a set of labelled samples, but as computers find it difficult to recognise distorted test or images, this task usually falls to human researchers.

“Manually labelling samples is tedious and expensive. For the first time, this simple game turns it into a fun experience with a serious application as it also achieves a labelling accuracy of as high as 98 per cent,” says Dr. Yan.

Since spammers can misuse computer programs that can automatically bypass a heavily used CAPTCHA, it is important for researchers to understand and improve the robustness of the system in order to stay one step ahead.

To fully evaluate the robustness of a CAPTCHA scheme, at least 10,000 segments usually have to be labelled – a task that cannot be automated.

Dr. Yan and Yu say that their Magic Bullet is a dual-purpose online shooting game that can be played just for fun, but also contributes to solving a real problem.

Players are randomly pitched against each other, with two in each team. They cannot communicate with each other, and security techniques are used to ensure that they are geographically apart to reduce the likelihood of cheating.

Just in case there are not enough human players, one of two types of bots-a Data Relay Bot that replays data from old games or a Tailored Response Bot that acts according to an opposing team’s performance-will be introduced.

A randomly chosen segmented CAPTCHA character appears in each round, and shoots towards the target only when both players correctly identify it before their opponents.

Although the computer does not know which character each of the segments is, the answers given by the winning team can be accurate labels for the segments in the majority of cases.

The researchers have also included a high scoring table in the game in order to encourage players to return to improve on a previous score.

“An average game session produced 25 correct labels per minute, giving 1,500 per hour. Although this is not particularly fast, if touch typists were used it would be noticeably improved, and also players need time to get to know how the game works,” says Dr. Yan.

“As this game supports a large number of parallel sessions, which are limited only by the network bandwidth and game server’s CPU and memory, there is also a lot of scope to increase the labelling rate dramatically,” he adds.

A presentation on the research team’s findings were made at the ongoing IJCAI’09, a leading artificial intelligence conference in Pasadena, CA, USA. (ANI)