Factbox: Unresolved issues between Hungary and lenders

Here is a list of unresolved issues:

BUDGET DEFICIT TARGETS IN 2010/2011

The lenders have welcomed Hungary’s commitment to a previously agreed 3.8 percent of GDP budget deficit target for 2010 but stressed that further steps were needed to reach that target and also to cut it below 3 percent of GDP next year.

Economy Minister Gyorgy Matolcsy told Reuters before the review that Hungary wanted to negotiate a higher, 3 to 3.8 percent of GDP deficit for 2011 in exchange for structural reforms.

Cutting the deficit further is important to put Hungary’s state debt, the highest in central Europe at about 80 percent of GDP, on a sustainable downward path at a time when debt worries on the euro zone periphery are keeping investors on edge.

The lenders also said measures announced so far to cut the deficit to 3.8 percent of GDP by the end of the year were largely temporary and sustainable fiscal consolidation would require durable, non-distortive measures.

FINANCIAL SECTOR TAX

The lenders said a planned financial sector tax, designed to raise 200 billion forints ($916.8 million) in revenue this year, would help achieve short-term budget targets but at the cost of curbing lending and hurting economic growth.

The government booked the same amount from the new tax for 2011 in a bill submitted to parliament and the document also provides for the tax to be levied in 2012 although it does not have a firm revenue target for that year.

STRUCTURAL REFORMS

The lenders noted the government’s commitment to structural reforms, such as in transport and health care, but said it was not in a position to provide sufficient clarity on future plans on this front during the current review.

CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE

The lenders urged the government to respect the independence of the central bank after a proposed public sector pay ceiling, which would cut the central bank governor’s pay by 75 percent, triggered strong objections from the European Central Bank.

(Compiled by Gergely Szakacs; Editing by David Holmes)

EURO GOVT-Bunds higher as periphery pressured, stocks fall

June 24 (Reuters) – Core German Bunds turned positive on Thursday as peripheral euro zone issuers remained under pressure and after cautious comments on the economy from the US Federal Reserve.

Bunds further extended gains as European equities .FTEU3 turned negative.

At 0727 GMT, September Bund futures FGBLc1 were 11 ticks higher at 128.73. Two-year German yields DE2YT=TWEB were 1.5 basis points lower at 0.582 percent, with ten-year yields DE10YT=TWEB down a similar amount at 2.632 percent.

European shares .FTEU3 reversed earlier gains to stand 0.24 percent lower on the day.

Peripheral yield spreads were steady in early trade, but held close to levels seen the previous session after a bout of widening.

EURO GOVT-Bunds lower on post-Fed, data profit-taking

June 24 (Reuters) – German Bunds opened lower on Thursday as investors booked profits after a rally the previous session on the back of dismal US housing data and a cautious tone on the economy from the US Federal reserve.

The Fed renewed its promise to hold benchmark interest rates exceptionally low for an extended period, as expected, but also said financial conditions had become less supportive of growth, helping underpin bonds’ recent strength [ID:nN22150078].

European equities .FTEU3 were set to open higher, also adding to pressure on Bunds.

At 0604 GMT, September Bund futures FGBLU0 were 20 ticks lower at 128.42. Two-year bond yields DE2YT=TWEB were half a basis point higher at 0.6 percent, with 10-year yields up 1.5 basis points at 2.660 percent DE10YT=TWEB.

But traders said German Bunds should remain supported.

“The periphery remains under immense pressure, especially Greece with the month-end index related selling,” said a trader. “That, and the tone from the FOMC should keep core markets underpinned.” The 10-year Greek/German government bond yield spread has widened sharply this week because of expected forced selling at the end of the month by passive indexed funds after Moody’s became the second rating agency to downgrade Greece to junk earlier this month.

In supply, Italy will issue up to 1.5 billion euros of index linked BTPs.

EURO GOVT-Bunds open higher after Greek downgrade

June 15 (Reuters) – German government bonds opened higher on Tuesday after Moody’s investors service cut Greece’s credit rating to junk late the previous day, refocusing market attention on Europe’s debt problems. Moody’s downgraded Greece four notches to Ba1, citing risks in the euro zone/IMF rescue package for the debt-stricken country. It was the second agency to strip Athens of its investment grade rating after Standard and Poor’s made a similar move in April.

The downgrade was expected to prompt equity investors to book profits after a brisk four-session winning run, sending regional shares lower.

“This puts the focus back on the periphery. There are going to be people who are forced sellers now with two junk ratings,” said a trader.

“The ECB are the only bidder so we would expect them to be quite active today, but the worry now is the contagion into other peripherals and the question being asked is who will be next to be downgraded.”

At 0604 GMT, September Bund futures FGBLU0 were at 128.95, 42 ticks higher from Monday’s settlement, although little changed from levels seen in after-hours trading. Two-year bond yields DE2YT=TWEB were 1.2 basis points lower at 0.488 percent, with 10-year yields DE10YT=TWEB almost 3 basis points lower at 2.60 percent.

With peripheral bonds likely to be under pressure, Ireland will auction up to 1.5 billion euros of 2016 and 2018 government bonds.

Ahead of that, the German ZEW sentiment indicator for June, released at 0900 GMT, is seen slipping to 42.0 versus 45.8 previously.

FOREX-Euro bounce running out of steam on profit-taking

TOKYO, June 15 (Reuters) – The euro’s rally showed signs of fading on Tuesday, with investors taking profits and sentiment towards the single currency staying fragile as debt worries returned after Moody’s cut Greece’s credit rating to junk grade.

The Australian dollar pulled back further from a one-month high versus the U.S. dollar as traders reduced demand for higher-yielding currencies after minutes of an Australian central bank meeting confirmed the market view that interest rates will be on hold at least for the next month. [ID:nSYC002333]

Traders said with the euro EUR= failing to break near term resistance at around $1.23, the single currency’s impressive run in the past few sessions was showing signs of fizzling.

“The euro would need more than short-covering to move decisively up from here,” said a senior trader at a Japanese securities house, adding that the market still looked vulnerable to euro-negative news given shaky equity markets.

The euro was at $1.2204 EUR=, down 0.1 percent from late New York trade on Monday, retreating further from the previous day’s high of $1.2298 on trading platform EBS.

Traders said Moody’s downgrade was being used by investors as an excuse to pare positions in the single currency. Moody’s cut Greece’s credit rating to junk status and said the country faced substantial risks. [ID:nWNA3381].

The Moody’s downgrade could still have an affect in the background, but an overall revival in risk appetite may check sharp losses, traders said.

“We might get a bit of a negative reaction in Europe but it was kind of already headed that way anyway with Greece, and the more important thing to watch is the periphery countries like Spain and Portugal,” said a senior trader at a European bank in Hong Kong.

Resistance is still around a Fibonacci retracement level at $1.2301, which is 23.6 percent of the euro’s move from an April 14 high to its June 7 low, and support is seen at around $1.2165 on hourly charts.

The euro fell as far as $1.1876 on June 7, its lowest since March 2006.

“Whether the bounce in the euro from $1.19 to $1.22 is more than a brief relief bounce remains open for debate but the sharp reaction to the rating downgrade overnight suggests that sentiment is still extremely fragile,” Matthew Strauss, senior currency strategist at RBC Capital wrote in a note.

The euro fell 0.2 percent on the yen EURJPY= to 111.70 yen. The U.S. dollar edged down to 91.50 yen JPY= as sell orders from Japanese exporters were seen capping its gains.

In the options market, the recent rebound in euro/yen and Aussie/yen was reducing the attraction of yen calls and prompting traders to dump options since euro/yen failed to break below a barrier at 108 yen last week.

Implied volatilities on short-end dollar/yen options have fallen, with one-month vol hitting a one-month low below 11.5 percent JPYVOL, extending a decline in the past week.

The Bank of Japan detailed a new loan scheme after its policy meeting, saying it would lend up to $33 billion to commercial banks to help redirect money to industries with growth potential, but analysts doubt its effectiveness when loan demand is low. [ID:nTOE65D05B] [ID:nTOE65E03M]

The minutes of the Reserve Bank of Australia’s June policy meeting said it was able to leave interest rates unchanged in the near term as previous rate hikes gave it time to see how Europe’s debt woes would affect the world economy and to wait for more information on domestic inflation.

Board members also said disinflationary forces in the domestic economy had not been as strong as expected and highlighted the importance of coming data on consumer prices, due in late July, reinforcing expectations for steady interest rates at its next policy-setting meeting in early July.

The Australian dollar AUD=D4 fell 0.2 percent to $0.8564, extending its pullback from a one-month high of $0.8665 the previous day when an overall improvement in risk appetite supported demand for higher-yielding currencies. (Additional reporting by Anirban Nag in Sydney and Hideyuki Sano and Charlotte Cooper in Tokyo; Editing by Joseph Radford)

Rural to urban migration linked to increased obesity, diabetes risk in India

Washington, Apr 28 (ANI): People who migrate from rural to urban areas are more likely to become obese compared to individuals who do not move, a new study in India has found.

What’s more, this migration is a factor driving the diabetes epidemic in India, according to the study published this week in PLoS Medicine.

Like the rest of the world, the sub-continent too is experiencing a diabetes epidemic.

Diabetes has increased in urban areas of India from 5 percent to 15 percent between 1984 and 2004. As in other developing countries this is thought to result from increased consumption of saturated fats and sugar and reduced levels of physical activity.

The process of urbanization – migration from rural areas to towns and cities and the expansion of urban areas into the periphery – is linked to changes in diet and behaviour.

To examine how migration has impacted on obesity and diabetes in India, Shah Ebrahim and colleagues interviewed rural migrants working in urban factories.

To reach the conclusion, researchers recruited rural-urban migrants working in four factories in central, north and south India and the spouses of these workers if they were living in the same town. Each migrant worker or spouse asked a sibling still living in the rural area that they were originally from to join the study. Non-migrant factory workers and their siblings from urban areas were also recruited.

Each participant answered questions about their diet and physical activity and had their blood sugar and body mass index measured.

The results showed similar levels of obesity in urban and migrant men (41.9 percent and 37.8 percent respectively), in comparison with 19 percent of men in rural areas. Diabetes also stood at similar levels in urban and migrant men (13.5 percent in urban and 14.3 percent respectively), in comparison with 6.2 percent in rural men. These patterns of obesity and diabetes were similar in women.

The findings demonstrate that rural-urban migration in India is associated with rapid increases in obesity and diabetes and also indicated that changes in migrant behaviour – such as reduced physical activity – put them at similar risk to the urban population. (ANI)

Archaeologists discover gemstone carrying portrait of Alexander the Great

Washington, September 16 (ANI): An archaeological team, during excavations in Israel, has discovered a gemstone that has a portrait of Alexander the Great engraved on it.

The excavations at Tel Dor were carried out by an archaeological team, which was directed by Dr. Ayelet Gilboa of the University of Haifa and Dr. Ilan Sharon of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

“Despite its miniature dimensions – the stone is less than a centimeter high and its width is less than half a centimeter – the engraver was able to depict the bust of Alexander on the gem without omitting any of the ruler’s characteristics,” said Dr. Gilboa, Chair of the Department of Archaeology at the University of Haifa.

“The emperor is portrayed as young and forceful, with a strong chin, straight nose and long curly hair held in place by a diadem,” he added.

The Tel Dor researchers have noted that it is surprising that a work of art such as this would be found in Israel, on the periphery of the Hellenistic world.

“It is generally assumed that the master artists – such as the one who engraved the image of Alexander on this particular gemstone – were mainly employed by the leading Hellenistic courts in the capital cities, such as those in Alexandria in Egypt and Seleucia in Syria,” according to the researchers.

“This new discovery is evidence that local elites in secondary centers, such as Tel Dor, appreciated superior objects of art and could afford ownership of such items,” they added.

The significance of the discovery at Dor is in the gemstone being uncovered in an orderly excavation, in a proper context of the Hellenistic period.

This tiny gem was unearthed by a volunteer during excavation of a public structure from the Hellenistic period in the south of Tel Dor, excavated by a team from the University of Washington at Seattle headed by Prof. Sarah Stroup.

Dr. Jessica Nitschke, professor of classical archaeology at Georgetown University in Washington DC, identified the engraved motif as a bust of Alexander the Great.

This has been confirmed by Prof. Andrew Stewart of the University of California at Berkeley, an expert on images of Alexander and author of a book on this topic.

Alexander was probably the first Greek to commission artists to depict his image – as part of a personality cult that was transformed into a propaganda tool. (ANI)

Former McCain running-mate Palin signs book deal

Former McCain running-mate Palin signs book dealSarah Palin, the Alaska governor pulled from the U.S. political periphery onto the 2008 Republican presidential ticket, has signed a deal to write her memoirs with HarperCollins.

Palin, who was Sen. John McCain’s vice presidential pick, did not disclose how much she would be paid by the publisher, which is owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp.

“This is an incredible opportunity and I am excited to work with HarperCollins to tell my story and Alaska’s story,” Palin said in a statement.

“There have been so many things written and said through mainstream media that have not been accurate, and it will be nice through an unfiltered forum to get to speak truthfully about who we are and what we stand for and what Alaska is all about,” Palin said in an interview published on the Anchorage Daily News Web site earlier on Tuesday.

Palin complained during last year’s unsuccessful campaign about having her comments “filtered” by the mainstream media.

Tourists suffer hardship due to separatists’ shutdown call

Srinagar, April 29 (ANI): Separatists’ shut down call in Kashmir has caused a lot of hardship to tourists visiting the valley from across the county and abroad here.

Apprehending trouble and ire of the separatist groups, almost all the shops and other commercial establishments in the market including restaurants have downed their shutters.

Tourists, in absence of proper and affordable modes of transport, have been deprived of visiting famous tourist spots in the city and other places in the valley.

Apart from causing considerable losses to the business community, the shutdown call by the separatists has spoilt the holiday spirit of the tourists.

Abdul Majeed, a tourist from Jammu, had been stranded in the city since morning, as he had no transport to return home.

“Common people have to face a lot of problems to face. Even we have come from a far off place and we couldn’t go back as there was no transport available. Eventually, we have to roam on the streets,” said Abdul Majeed, a tourist from Jammu.

Heavy security deployment dotted roads on Srinagar with shops remaining closed and low turnout of people seen in the open.

Shop owners believe that these shutdowns in this period will create a negative impact on tourism, as tourists who spend ample amount to visit the valley, will stop coming to Kashmir.

The 50-hour general call for shut down has been given by Hurriyat leader Syed Ali Shah Geelani in protest of the General Elections to be held here on Thursday (April 30). It has renewed tension after a relative calm for long.

The closure time started on Tuesday evening at six o’ clock.

Meanwhile, security forces have been deployed in large numbers to prevent any attempt to disrupt election on Thursday through protests.

Thus most of the tourists on Wednesday (April 29) were either confined to their hotel rooms or stranded elsewhere such as in the Dal Lake periphery.

Last year, agitation over the Amarnath land transfer issue had also badly effected the tourist arrival and people associated with the industry suffered heavy losses.

“This is the tourist season and outsiders come here with a plan for sight seeing. If there is a shut down, they cannot visit the famous gardens. They have to face a lot of problems and because of which they will not come back again to the city here,” said Adil Nasir, owner of a handicrafts and novelties shop.

Kashmir is scheduled to undergo Lok Sabha elections in three phases on April 30, followed by May 7 and 13. (ANI)

GSM service operators achieve a record high in March; add 10.8 million subscribers!

For the third time in the last four months, GSM have surpassed the earlier record pertaining to the highest number of new additions made a single month – this time, crossing the 10-million new subscribers’ mark!

Going by the recently-figures released by the COAI – Cellular Operators Association of India -, the month of March saw the telecom juggernaut bring in 10.84 million new users into its GSM periphery, thereby taking the number of full fiscal year GSM subscriptions to 288.3 million. No mean achievement in the face of the economic crisis!

The records started rolling in December, when the GSM services operators set a new record of 8.5 million new subscribers. The feat carried over into January, when the cellular user base increased by 9.6 million. And, by almost 2.84 million new users added by Vodafone Essar in March, the figures soared past 10 million – a record high for any company.

Commenting on the enviable figures and beyond, COAI Secretary-general TV Ramachandran said: “Though March has more days and companies push sales at the end of the financial year, we expect to see monthly incremental growth of 14 to 15 million consumers in
2009-10. Our estimate is that mobile penetration will go up from 35 per cent currently to 50 per cent by the end of this financial year.”

Woman finds burglar giving false ad of stolen goods!

Melbourne, April 12 (ANI): An Aussie woman tracked down a burglar who robbed her of 60,000 dollars in property by placing a false advertisement for the stolen goods in a newspaper.

Upset at losing some expensive dinner sets, she placed an ad in The Courier-Mail’s Weekend Shopper pretending to look for a similar set.

According to news.com.au, one of the replies led her to a home where she recognised her dinner set and other property.

Finally the police were called and they traced the stolen goods to William John Suey, who was later sentenced to five and a half years jail.

At the sentence hearing in the District Court in Brisbane, Judge Warren Howell praised the efforts of the woman in tracking down the burglar.

Suey, 54, was part of a burglary ring that stole at least 305,000 dollars in property from homes in many Brisbane suburbs.

Prosecutor Chris Minnery said that the offences had been systematic, organised, pre-planned and sophisticated.

Barrister Douglas Wilson, for Suey, said that his client had drug problems and the jury’s verdict indicated that they saw Suey as on the gang’s periphery. (ANI)

There is nothing Dharavi about Dharavi

IT’S LUNCHTIME at a Tamil wedding in a local Ganesh temple and you expect to hear strains of the nadaswaram. Instead, you hear Shakira insisting that her “hips don’t lie”, followed by Sean Paul claiming he’s “got the right temperature to shelter you from the storm”.

This is Dharavi. “And please don’t call it Asia’s largest slum,” says 24-year-old Sudarshan Sukumar, a stocky leather goods trader who grew up here.

Home to more than 7 lakh people, including Tamils, Maharashtrians, migrants from Uttar Pradesh and Muslims, Dharavi is on the brink of a transformation. A multi-crore project hopes to erase the thousands of 8 foot by 10 foot shanties spread over 550 acres and replace them with towering luxury commercial and residential spaces.

In one corner, buildings constructed by the government will house the original residents, who will each get a small, 225-square-foot flat as compensation for the loss of their shanties. “But this is not just a slum,” says Vishwanath Nikam, a local activist.

“Dharavi is a way of life. Each group of shanties is home to a little community and those communities will be destroyed if they are transferred to vertical matchboxes of living space.

” Where will the Kumbhars make their earthen pots, Nikam asks. Where will the women dry the chillies and dal for their famous pickles and papads? For the 11 lakh voters registered here, the acknowledgment that Dharavi has grown beyond a den of counterfeit goods and small-time thugs is a key demand ahead of the general election.

After all, it could mean the difference between unemployment and a good job. “Today, if we say we are from Dharavi, our job applications get turned down.

We don’t get loans,” says Palraj Balasingh a 25-year-old Tamilian who has grown up here and now works at an education trust. “What people outside don’t realise is that things have changed,” Balasingh adds, in fluent if accented English.

Dharavi has its own local economy, disorganised but thriving. And there’s more to the tiny units now than the knockoff Prada and Gucci tags that look astonishingly like the originals.

Efficient units produce bags, clothes and shoes that are exported around the world, netting a total of $650 million a year. Walk through the narrow, sunshine-deprived bylanes and you’ll see tannery workers washing animal skins.

Further down is the kumbharwada, where potters are readying earthen pots in time to meet the summer demand. Next are garment manufacturers, beyond that a plastic recycling unit.

The outer periphery is more presentable. Small, glass-fronted shops sell the city’s most popular – and most economical – leather goods.

The slum is the supply chain, the brand and the marketing strategy. The families who have move into the government-built apartments already cannot afford to pay the monthly maintenance dues.

Many are selling the flats and moving to the outer reaches of the city, where space is easier to find and living is more affordable. In Dharavi, they are hoping their leaders who will ensure that the benefits of development reach them.

And, for now, they are focussing on shedding the tag of Asia’s biggest slum. “The only thing that is not manufactured here is currency,” grins 49-year-old K. Thangapandi, a resident of 30 years.

Curing Alzheimer’s disease would need combination therapy

Washington, March 18 (ANI): Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine say that a potential cure for Alzheimer’s disease may require a combination therapy, which will target the malformations of the proteins that characterise this condition.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by two distinctive protein malformations: amyloid plaques, which are sticky deposits made up of a short protein called amyloid beta, and tau tangles, which are made of short filaments of the tau protein.

Referring to a previous study, the researchers highlight the fact that tau tangles work together with amyloid beta to create a perfect storm that destroys neural function and memory.

They, however, insist that no study to date has been able to show as to how amyloid beta and the tau tangles wreak their damage on the nervous system.

Scott Brady, professor and head of anatomy and cell biology at the UIC College of Medicine, points out that when short assemblies of amyloid, rather than the long-chain plaques, get inside neurons, they interfere with the cells’ transport system.

This, according to him, limits their ability to send vital proteins and vesicles to where they are needed within the cell, and interferes with the synaptic connections to other nerve cells.

Brady says that the new study has shown that the short assemblies of amyloid activate a transport-regulatory enzyme called CK2, which causes the motor protein to drop its cargo.

His team have also found that inhibition of CK2 is sufficient to prevent the effects of amyloid on transport.

An earlier study by the same researchers showed that tau tangles halt transport to the neuron periphery through other regulatory enzymes, by causing the motor protein to release the microtubule track.

The new study shows that the CK2 activated by amyloid also works as a primer for one of the enzymes activated by tau tangles, GSK3.

“Now we have the perfect storm. Both amyloid and tau tangles cause problems. But when you put them together, you exacerbate the problems, creating the cascade of events that cause Alzheimer’s loss of neural connections,” said Brady.

“It makes sense of why both have to be present to have Alzheimer’s.

“It is also telling us that treating one is not going to be sufficient. We’re going to have to think in terms of combination therapies that will allow us to address many targets at once. This may explain why attempts to manipulate one or the other haven’t been successful in patients,” he added.

A research article on the current study appears in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Yeasts are genetically more different than humans and chimps

London, February 15 (ANI): A collaborative study suggests that there can be greater genetic differences between individuals within a particular species of yeast than there are between humans and chimpanzees.

Professor Anders Blomberg, of the University of Gothenburg, has revealed that his team have succeeded in sequencing the DNA and characterising the genome properties of 70 different individual organisms from two different species of yeast – the common brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its evolutionary cousin Saccharomyces paradoxus.

The study carried out in collaboration with researchers from the Sanger Institute in Cambridge and the University of Nottingham, presents several interesting conclusions, e.g. that human alcohol consumption has altered yeast DNA.

“As humans transported wine and beer yeasts around the world, different yeasts have mated and recombined, so that the strains of today carry gene variants from various parts of the world. This mosaic pattern is not at all visible in our studies of another yeast that has not been exploited by humans,” Nature magazine quoted Blomberg as saying.

The researchers say that the DNA of individual yeast organisms can vary by up to 4 per cent, compared to the 1 per cent difference between the DNA of humans and chimpanzees.

Another interesting observation made by them is that that individual organisms from the same species can have extra genetic material, most of which occur at the periphery of the chromosome, which lends support to the theory that these areas are very important in evolution. (ANI)