Common house ants prosper in urban settings

Washington, March 31 (ANI): A new research has shown that the most common house ant species, built for living in some of the smallest spaces in a forest, prosper in urban areas.

The study revealed that odorous house ant colonies become larger and more complex as they move from forest to city and act somewhat like an invasive species.

The ants live about 50 to a colony with one queen in forest settings but explode into supercolonies with more than 6 million workers and 50,000 queens in urban areas.

“This is a native species that”s doing this. Native ants are not supposed to become invasive. We don”t know of any other native ants that are outcompeting other species of native ants like these,” Grzegorz Buczkowski, a Purdue University research assistant professor of entomology, said.

Odorous house ants live in hollow acorn shells in the forest. They”re called odorous because they have a coconut- or rum-like smell when crushed. They”re considered one of the most common house ants.

In semi-natural areas that are a cross of forest and urban areas, such as a park, Buczkowski said he observed colonies of about 500 workers with a single queen.

He said it”s possible that as the ants get closer to urban areas they have easier access to food, shelter and other resources.

“In the forest, they have to compete for food and nesting sites. In the cities, they don”t have that competition. People give them a place to nest, a place to eat,” Buczkowski said.

The study has been published in the early online version of the journal Biological Invasions. (ANI)

Feedback sought on cane toad plan

North-west Western Australian residents have been invited to make submissions on a Commonwealth review of cane toad management.

The Federal Government is putting together an action plan to minimise the impact of the introduced species whose poison is toxic to many native species.

In announcing the public consultation period, Environment Minister Peter Garrett said the ability of native animals to adapt to the toad after a period of exposure offered some hope.

He says the plan would focus on identifying ways to protect high priority native species and engage local communities in the process.

Expert backs cane toad eradication plan

A far north Queensland cane toad expert says a Federal Government plan designed to tackle the cane toad scourge is simple but has merit.

The $2 million draft plan has been released for public comment.

The plan will try to coordinate efforts across the nation to manage the effects of cane toads on the environment.

It identifies the native species most at risk from cane toads and also looks at the best ways to get rid of the species, including trapping.

Professor Ross Alford from James Cook University says the draft plan has merit.

“I think it’s a very sensible plan,” he said.

“It acknowledges the fact that we really at the moment don’t have any way to control the toads on a broad scale across the landscape.

“Developing a way to do it is going to be a long-term, expensive project and what we really need to do now is identify exactly what damage the toads cause.”

Professor Alford says he supports the findings that trapping cane toads is one of the most effective methods of controlling numbers.

“A trap is really the most effective way that we know of for controlling them on a local scale,” he said.

“If you’ve got a bit of habitat that you want to really protect from cane toads by removing as many as possible, it’s much more effective to put traps out, then go visit them everyday and clear them out.”

Cane toad experts have welcomed the draft plan to help wipe out the pest.

Polar bears face extinction in less than 70 years because of global warming

London, September 11 (ANI): A new research has warned that polar bears face extinction in less than 70 years because of global warming.

“Recent projections suggest polar bears could be extinct within 70 years,” Eric Post, associate professor of biology at Penn State University, who led the latest study, told the Telegraph.

“But we think this could be a very conservative estimate. The outlook is very bleak for them and other creatures such as ringed seals,” he said.

Melting ice is causing Polar bear numbers to drop dramatically, scientists warn.

“The rate at which sea ice is disappearing is accelerating and these creatures rely on it for shelter, hunting and breeding. If this goes, so do they,” said Post.

Others also at risk include ivory gulls, Pacific walruses, ringed and hooded seals and narwhals, small whales with long, spiral tusks.

One of the problems is that other animals are moving north, encroaching on their territory, spurred by increasing temperatures, pushing out native species.

The animals are also struggling with the loss of sea ice.

The international team analyzed average temperature in the Arctic over the last 150 years and warned many animals that are dependent upon the stability and persistence of sea ice are faring especially badly.

Polar bears and ringed seals both give birth in lairs or caves under the snow and can lose many newborn pups when the lairs collapse in unusually early spring rains, triggered by climate change.

Among animals migrating further north are red foxes, which are driving out the smaller Arctic foxes. (ANI)

Gorilla-like creature resembling ‘Bigfoot’ photographed in Kentucky backyard

London, September 10 (ANI): A gorilla-like creature that resembles the mythical creature ‘Bigfoot’ is causing excitement on the web after being photographed in the back garden of a home in Kentucky in the US.

According to a report in the Telegraph, the large, hairy beast can be seen in a blurry picture taken on an automatic camera set up by an amateur hunter.

While flicking through images of rabbits and deer, Kenny Mahoney noticed a dark, humanoid creature that does not look like any of the southern US state’s known native species.

The mystery animal’s head appears too small for it to be a bear, leaving Mahoney wondering whether he had accidentally captured one of the clearest ever photos of Bigfoot.

“It looked like it had the outline of a head, and like gorilla type shoulders, and then the arms crossed is what it looks like to me,” said Mahoney.

“One of the explanations my brother-in-law said it may be a garbage bag blowed up in there, but all the smashed over vegetation in there – I really don’t know. I have no idea what it is,” he added.

Mahoney said he is very doubtful that the creature in the photo is Bigfoot.

His wife Margaret has sent the image to a wildlife expert in the hope of getting it identified.

The mythical ape-like creature Bigfoot is most regularly sighted in the forests in the northwestern states and provinces of North America, although last month a teenage girl in Poland reported seeing a similar beast.

Last year, two men in the US state of Georgia claimed to have discovered a body of Bigfoot, but subsequently confessed that photos they produced as “proof” of their find actually showed a rubber ape costume. (ANI)

Poorly regulated US wildlife trade threatens public health and ecosystems

Washington, May 2 (ANI): In a new report, a team of scientists has determined that the poorly regulated US wildlife trade can lead to devastating effects on ecosystems, native species, food supply chains and human health.

The report has been made by scientists from the Wildlife Trust, Brown University, Pacific Lutheran University, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Global Invasive Species Programme.

According to the scientists, the poorly regulated US wildlife trade can lead to devastating effects on ecosystems, native species, food supply chains and human health.

“As our world, in many senses, grows smaller and smaller with the ease of international travel, the network of connections has increased, facilitating the spread of diseases,” said Rita Teutonico, senior advisor for integrative activities in the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE).

“These scientists report a pattern of trade in wildlife that includes a very large number of animals, coupled with a poor understanding of what species are traded,” said James Collins, NSF Assistant Director for Biological Sciences.

“The findings highlight the need for further research because of the unknown effects these animals and their pathogens can have on native organisms,” he added.

A global trade in wildlife generates hundreds of billions of dollars each year.

The researchers report that during a six-year period from 2000 through 2006, the US imported more than 1.5 billion live animals.

“That’s more than 200 million animals a year – unexpectedly high,” said scientist Peter Daszak, president of the Wildlife Trust, who co-led the research.

The animals collected were from wild populations in more than 190 countries around the world, and were intended for commercial sale in the U.S. – primarily in the pet trade.

“This incredible number of imports is equivalent to every single person in the US owning at least five pets,” said biologist Katherine Smith of Brown University, co-leader of the study.

More than 86 percent of shipments contained animals that were not classified to the level of species, making it impossible to assess the full diversity of animals imported, or calculate the risk of non-native species introductions or disease transmission.

“Shipments are coming in labeled ‘live vertebrate’ or ‘fish’,” said Daszak. “If we don’t know what animals are in there, how do we know which are going to become invasive species or carry diseases that could affect livestock, wildlife – or ourselves?” he added.

“The threat to public health is real, as the majority of emerging diseases come from wildlife,” said Smith. (ANI)

Australia and South America need elephants to save their threatened native plants

Sydney, March 18 (ANI): An ecologist has said that large herbivores like elephants need to be introduced in regions such as Australia and South America, which would help save threatened native plants.

According to a report by ABC News, Professor Chris Johnson, of James Cook University, Far North Queensland, Australia, ecologist has called for the introduction of elephants into South America and the creation of Pleistocene parks across the world.

“The re-introduction of large herbivores to the Americas would help restore ecosystems and save threatened native species,” he said.

“The experiment would also help settle the debate over whether humans or climate change caused megafauna, such as mammoths and giant kangaroos, to become extinct,” he added.

The large animals maintained vegetation openness and in wooded landscapes created “mosaics” of different vegetation with a high diversity of plant species, according to Johnson.

“However, the extinction of megafauna saw landscapes very quickly, in ecological terms, become dense and uniform,” he added.

Johnson points to studies that show vegetation changed after the giant plant eaters became extinct and not, as is required under the climate change scenario, before.

He points to studies of ancient emu eggshells that show more than 50,000 years ago, the flightless bird had a broad diet that was a mixture of subtropical and arid grasses and shrubs, trees and temperate grasses.

Yet, by about 45,000 years, ago the bird’s diet no longer included subtropical and arid grasses.

“It shows their foraging environment was once broad and diverse and that this contracted to a more uniform landscape,” said Johnson. “Climate cannot account for this change,” he added.

According to Johnson, there are many plants that once interacted with the megafauna that still retain obsolete defences and ineffective methods of seed dispersal.

He said that reintroduction of large herbivores to regions where these plants still exist could help save them.

Johnson also believes that the creation of Pleistocene parks, where the original large mammals or their closest analogues are reintroduced, is feasible and essential to conserve biodiversity.

“To understand living plant communities we need to re-imagine them with their full complement of Pleistocene megafauna,” he said.

“This insight should also provide the foundation for ecological restoration, which should aim to reinstate interactions between large herbivores and vegetation where that is still possible,” he added. (ANI)