Breast milk, coconut oil-based face cream may help treat acne Home

Washington, Apr 17 (ANI): A face cream made from breast milk and coconut oil could cure acne, a new study claims.

A natural product found in both coconut oil and human breast milk – lauric acid – may offer treatment for acne, says a scientist.

The bioengineering graduate student from the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering developed a “smart delivery system” – published in the journal ACS Nano in March – capable of delivering lauric-acid-filled nano-scale bombs directly to skin-dwelling bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) that cause common acne.

Bioengineering graduate student Dissaya “Nu” Pornpattananangkul will present her most recent work on this experimental acne-drug-delivery system at Research Expo, the annual research conference of the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.

Ph.D. student Dissaya “Nu” Pornpattananangkul is developing a smart system of drug delivery.

Lauric-acid-based treatments could avoid these side effects, the UC San Diego researchers say.

“It’s a good feeling to know that I have a chance to develop a drug that could help people with acne,” said Pornpattananangkul, who performs this research in the Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine Laboratory of UC San Diego NanoEngineering professor Liangfang Zhang from the Jacobs School of Engineering.

The new smart delivery system includes gold nanoparticles attached to surfaces of lauric-acid-filled nano-bombs. The gold nanoparticles keep the nano-bombs (liposomes) from fusing together. The gold nanoparticles also help the liposomes locate acne-causing bacteria based on the skin microenvironment, including pH.

Once the nano-bombs reach the bacterial membranes, the acidic microenvironment causes the gold nanoparticles to drop off. This frees the liposomes carrying lauric acid payloads to fuse with bacterial membranes and kill the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.

“Precisely controlled nano-scale delivery of drugs that are applied topically to the skin could significantly improve the treatment of skin bacterial infections. By delivering drugs directly to the bacteria of interest, we hope to boost antimicrobial efficacy and minimize off-target adverse effects,” said Zhang. “All building blocks of the nano-bombs are either natural products or have been approved for clinical use, which means these nano-bombs are likely to be tested on humans in the near future.” (ANI)

Soon, designer nanomaterials on-demand

Washington, March 20 (ANI): A team of scientists has shown how it is possible to make designer nanomaterials on-demand.

The researchers, from Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry, in collaboration with a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, have shown how nanocomposites with desired properties can be designed and fabricated by first assembling nanocrystals and nanorods coated with short organic molecules, called ligands.

These ligands are then replaced with clusters of metal chalcogenides, such as copper sulfide.

As a result, the clusters link to the nanocrystal or nanorod building blocks and help create a stable nanocomposite.

The team has applied this scheme to more than 20 different combinations of materials, including close-packed nanocrystal spheres for thermoelectric materials and vertically aligned nanorods for solar cells.

“We’re just starting to understand how combining materials on the nanoscale can open up new possibilities for electronic properties and efficient energy technologies,” said Delia Milliron, Director of the Inorganic Nanostructures Facility at the Molecular Foundry.

“This new process for fabricating inorganic nanocomposites gives us unprecedented ability to tune composition and control morphology,” she added.

Delia Milliron, of Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry, led the development of a universal method by which designer nanomaterials can be created on-demand.

The researchers anticipate demand from users seeking this latest addition to the Foundry’s arsenal of materials synthesis capabilities, as this mix-and-match approach to nanocomposites could be used in an infinite list of applications, including materials for such popular uses as battery electrodes, photovoltaics and electronic data storage.

“The beauty of our method is not just the flexibility of compositions that can be achieved, but the ease with which this can be done,” said Ravisubhash Tangirala, a Foundry post-doctoral researcher working with Milliron.

“No specialized equipment is required, a variety of substrates can be used and the process is scalable,” he added. (ANI)

Nanoparticles may have negative effects on environment and human health

Washington, September 14 (ANI): A new analysis has indicated that the same properties of nanoparticles that make them so appealing to manufacturers may also have negative effects on the environment and human health.

The analysis was done by an international team of researchers from the Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), based at Duke University, US.

They have found that while many small particles are considered to be “nano,” these materials often do not meet full definition of having special properties that make them different from conventional materials.

The special properties of nanoparticles come from their high surface-area-to-volume ratio.

They also have a considerably higher percentage of atoms on their surface compared to bulk particles, which can make them more reactive.

These man-made materials can be found in a vast array of consumer products, including paints and sunscreens, as well as in water treatment plants and drug delivery systems.

For most of this decade, discussions of nanoparticles have tended to focus more on their size than their properties.

However, after reviewing the scientific literature, the Duke-led team believes that the old definition is not specific enough.

A definition that focuses on properties is critical, they say, to help scientists determine which particular nanoparticles are the most likely to represent a threat to the environment or human health.

Generally speaking, it is the very smallest particles (less than 30 nanometers) that should receive the most attention in studying the environmental and human health impacts of nanomaterials, according to Mark Wiesner, a Duke professor of civil and environmental engineering and director of the federally funded CEINT.

“A key question to be answered is whether or not a particular nanoparticle has toxic or hazardous properties that are truly different from identical particles in their bulk form,” Wiesner said.

“This question has not been answered. To do so, we need to be speaking the same language when assessing any unique properties of these novel materials,” he added.

“Many nanoparticles smaller than 30 nanometers undergo drastic changes in their crystalline structure that enhance how the atoms on their surface interact with the environment,” Wiesner said.

For example, because of the increased surface-area-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles can be highly reactive with other chemicals in the environment and can also disrupt certain activities within cells.

“While there have been reports of nanoparticle toxicity increasing as the size decreases, it is still uncertain whether this increase in reactivity is harmful to the environment or human safety,” Wiesner said. (ANI)

Nanomaterials can serve as effective tools for cleanup of contaminated sites

Washington, July 9 (ANI): In a new research, scientists have determined that nanomaterials can serve as effective and economically viable tools for the cleanup of contaminated sites.

The research is detailed in new review article appearing in Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) co-authored by Dr. Todd Kuiken, a research associate for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN).

It provides an overview of current practices; research findings; societal issues; potential environment, health, and safety implications; and possible future directions for nanoremediation.

According to Dr. Todd Kuiken, “Despite the potentially high performance and low cost of nanoremediation, more research is needed to understand and prevent any potential adverse environmental impacts, particularly studies on full-scale ecosystem-wide impacts. To date, little research has been done.”

Supplemental material published with the EHP review identifies 45 sites where nanomaterials have been used for soil and groundwater remediation, covering seven countries and 12 US states.

Most of the materials discussed are a form of nano-scale zero-valent iron that are injected into the ground in a slurry which provide a reducing environment that enables the breakdown of contaminants.

To coincide with the release of the EHP article, PEN has for the first time made publicly available an interactive, online map of global nanoremediation sites.

The map shows which nanomaterials have been used where and includes detailed information on the contaminants treated and the nature of the treatment.

It provides a unique source of information on the intentional release of nanomaterials into the environment to treat contaminated ground and water. (ANI)

Indian origin scientist reveals new applications for carbon nanomaterials in hydrogen storage

Washington, March 13 (ANI): A scientist of Indian origin is part of an international research team, which has revealed new applications for carbon nanomaterials in hydrogen storage.

The scientist in question is Rajeev Ahuja from Uppsala University, US, who set out to understand the mechanism behind the catalytic effects of carbon nanomaterials.

Our energy-hungry world has become increasingly dependent on new methods to store and convert energy for new, environmentally friendly modes of transportation and electrical energy generation as well as for portable electronics.

Mobility – the transport of people and goods – is a socioeconomic reality that will surely increase in the coming years.

Hydrogen, which can be produced with little or no harmful emissions, has been projected as a long term solution for a secure energy future.

Research into safe and efficient means of hydrogen production, storage, and use is essential to make the “hydrogen economy” a reality.

Car manufactures are showing interest in using solid state hydrogen storage materials, e.g. NaAlH4, as new energy storage media.

The functional properties of these materials however have to be improved by catalysts.

The effect of earlier catalysts, e.g. Ti, has been difficult to explain. The current results give an unambiguous understanding of the mechanism at work in the new carbon nanomaterial catalysts.

The researchers set out to understand the mechanism behind the catalytic effects of carbon nanomaterials, specifically on the example of sodium alanate, which is a popular material for hydrogen storage studies.

“Now that the catalytic capabilities of carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated so clearly and the mechanism that makes this behaviour possible has been understood, we expect a strong impulse on putting this effect to use in practical applications,” said Professor Rajeev Ahuja.

“Certainly, our findings have the strongest impact in the field of hydrogen storage, but beyond that, the same mechanism that we revealed can make carbon nanomaterials a very important catalyst in many other systems as well,” he added.

Experimental and theoretical efforts were combined in a synergistic approach and the results will fasten efforts to develop new catalysts. (ANI)

Scientists increase luminescence efficiency of carbon nanotubes by 20 percent

Washington, March 7 (ANI): In a new research, chemists at the University of Connecticut, US, have found a way to greatly increase the luminescence efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes by 20 percent, a discovery that could have significant applications in medical imaging and other areas.

The research was performed in the Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory at the Institute of Materials Science at the University of Connecticut, in Storrs.

Increasing the luminescence efficiency of carbon nanotubes may someday make it possible for doctors to inject patients with microscopic nanotubes to detect tumors, arterial blockages and other internal problems.

Rather than relying on potentially harmful x-rays or the use of radioactive dyes, physicians could simply scan patients with an infrared light that would capture a very sharp resolution of the luminescence of the nanotubes in problem areas.

University of Connecticut Chemist Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos describes the discovery as a major breakthrough and one of the most significant discoveries in his 10 years of working with single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Although carbon is used in many diverse applications, scientists have long been stymied by the element’s limited ability to emit light.

The best scientists have been able to do with solution-suspended carbon nanotubes was to raise their luminescence efficiency to about one-half of one percent, which is extremely low compared to other materials, such as quantum dots and quantum rods.

By tightly wrapping a chemical ‘sleeve’ around a single-walled carbon nanotube, Papadimitrakopoulos and his research team were able to reduce exterior defects caused by chemically absorbed oxygen molecules.

“This process can best be explained by imagining sliding a small tube into a slightly larger diameter tube,” Papadimitrakopoulos said.

In order for this to happen, all deposits or protrusions on the smaller tube have to be removed before the tube is allowed to slip into the slightly larger diameter tube.

According to Papadimitrakopoulos, what is most fascinating with carbon nanotubes is the fact that in this case, the larger tube is not as rigid as the first tube, but is rather formed by a chemical “sleeve” comprised of a synthetic derivative of flavin (an analog of vitamin B2) that adsorbs and self organizes onto a conformal tube.

Papadimitrakopoulos said that this process of self-assembly is unique in that it not only forms a new structure but also actively “cleans” the surface of the underlying nanotube.

It is that active cleaning of the nanotube surface that allows the nanotube to achieve luminescence efficiency to as high as 20 percent. (ANI)

Soon, wrap-around bendy and stretchable electronics

Washington, Jan 22 (ANI): Scientists have developed a new design for stretchable and bendy electronics that can be wrapped around complex shapes, without a reduction in electronic function.

The electronics have been designed by Jizhou Song, a professor in the University of Miami College of Engineering and his collaborators Professor John Rogers, at the University of Illinois and Professor Yonggang Huang, at Northwestern University.

The new mechanical design strategy is based on semiconductor nanomaterials that can offer high stretchability (e.g., 140 percent) and large twistability such as corkscrew twists with tight.

Potential uses for the new design include electronic devices for eye cameras, smart surgical gloves, body parts, airplane wings, back planes for liquid crystal displays and biomedical devises.

“Our design is of great interest because the requirements for complex shapes that can function during stretching, compression, bending, twisting and other types of extreme mechanical deformation are impossible to satisfy with conventional technology,” said Song.

The secret of the design is in the silicon (Si) islands on which the active devices or circuits are fabricated.

The islands form a chemically bonded, pre-strained elastomeric substrate.

Releasing the pre-strain causes the metal interconnects of the circuits to buckle and form arc-shaped structures, which accommodate the deformation and make the semiconductor materials much more stretchable, without inducing significant changes in their electrical properties.

The design is called noncoplanar mesh design.

The study describes a design system that can be stretched or compressed to high levels of strain, in any direction or combination of directions, with electronic properties that are independent of such strain, even in extreme arrangements.

These types of systems might enable new applications not possible with current methods. (ANI)

Soon, wrap-around bendy and stretchable electronics

Washington, Jan 22 (ANI): Scientists have developed a new design for stretchable and bendy electronics that can be wrapped around complex shapes, without a reduction in electronic function.

The electronics have been designed by Jizhou Song, a professor in the University of Miami College of Engineering and his collaborators Professor John Rogers, at the University of Illinois and Professor Yonggang Huang, at Northwestern University.

The new mechanical design strategy is based on semiconductor nanomaterials that can offer high stretchability (e.g., 140 percent) and large twistability such as corkscrew twists with tight.

Potential uses for the new design include electronic devices for eye cameras, smart surgical gloves, body parts, airplane wings, back planes for liquid crystal displays and biomedical devises.

“Our design is of great interest because the requirements for complex shapes that can function during stretching, compression, bending, twisting and other types of extreme mechanical deformation are impossible to satisfy with conventional technology,” said Song.

The secret of the design is in the silicon (Si) islands on which the active devices or circuits are fabricated.

The islands form a chemically bonded, pre-strained elastomeric substrate.

Releasing the pre-strain causes the metal interconnects of the circuits to buckle and form arc-shaped structures, which accommodate the deformation and make the semiconductor materials much more stretchable, without inducing significant changes in their electrical properties.

The design is called noncoplanar mesh design.

The study describes a design system that can be stretched or compressed to high levels of strain, in any direction or combination of directions, with electronic properties that are independent of such strain, even in extreme arrangements.

These types of systems might enable new applications not possible with current methods. (ANI)