Slipknot bassist died of “accidental” overdose

(Reuters) – The bassist for the Grammy-winning metal band Slipknot died of an “accidental” overdose of morphine and fentanyl, a synthetic morphine substitute, police in Iowa said on Monday as autopsy results were released.

Entertainment | Music | People

Paul Gray, 38, was found dead on May 25 at a hotel near Des Moines, Iowa, the hometown of the band who always appear in public in grotesque masks, beat each other up on stage and call their fans “maggots.” Gray co-founded the band in 1995.

An autopsy conducted by the Polk County Medical Examiner’s Office also found that Gray suffered from “significant heart disease,” according to a statement released by the Urbandale police department.

After Gray’s death the eight surviving members of the band shocked fans by appearing in public for the first time without their trademark masks and coveralls to pay tribute to him. They were accompanied by Gray’s wife Brenna who is pregnant with their first child.

Slipknot topped the charts in the United States, Britain and Australia with its most recent album, 2008′s “All Hope Is Gone.” The band won a Grammy in 2004 for its song “Before I Forget.”

The band also became notorious for its performances in which members often broke each other’s bones, set each other on fire, and injured their fans after diving into the crowd.

(Writing by Belinda Goldsmith, Editing by Dean Goodman)

How a pet pooch can help treat Parkinson”s

London, May 13 (ANI): A significant treatment for Parkinson”s disease has been revealed by doctors – a pet pooch.

Health of a 28-year-old woman with the brain disease improved thanks to her pooch.

The woman, who started taking large doses of four different drugs a day to control symptoms three years after being diagnosed, had a morphine pump for 14 hours a day and her health was deteriorating fast.

But after being given a highland terrier by a friend, docs reported improvements in symptoms and a drop in the drugs she needed, reports The Sun.

What’s more, she no longer needed her daily morphine.

Doctors at Imperial College London, who report her case in the Journal Of Neurology, said: “Remarkably sustained benefits occurred, with improvement in her walking and symptoms including appetite, sleep and bowel function, as well as socialisation.”

Docs are not able to zero in on the reason as to how the dog had such a dramatic effect, but they say that having to walk, feed and look after the pet encouraged her to exercise regularly. (ANI)

Drug addiction, a curse for youth in border areas of Punjab

Tarn Taran (ANI), May 4: The problem of drug addiction is steadily assuming alarming proportions in Punjab’s border areas which include many villages adjoining Pakistan.

Several youth, who were expected to take up their traditional agricultural business, are instead, trapped in the drugs’ world.

Though many families are affected by the drugs’ menace, the Punjab Government has done precious little to prevent its trafficking. The worsening condition of the youth highlights the problem.

One can easily get a gram of heroin for rupees 1,000.00, smack for Rs. 300.00 a gram or an injection of morphine for as little as Rs. 25, and that too, without prescription from a medical practitioner.

Not just that, but local drug addicts have given interesting names to name these drugs. “Sharabi Samaan” (Liquor material) is used to denote smack whereas heroin is called “Kishti Samaan” (Boat material).

Synthetic drugs are also in high demand, as any old addict may require as much as over 25 morphine injections for his body.

The case of HIV/AIDS through drug-addiction or using the used syringes is also on increase in the area.

A drug addict for years said that he never wanted to indulge into the menace, but unavoidable family circumstances and his association with bad society pushed him to drug abuse.

“I have studied till XII grade and cleared IELTS. But due to unemployment and family pressure, I took to drugs. I know it is not good for my health but I am helpless,” said a drug addict, requesting anonymity.

He said there were over 50 youth of his village who are into drug addiction. But he said he wished the government could have done something for their rehabilitation in villages.

Admitting to the rise of drug abuse in Punjab, Pritpal Singh Virk, Special Superintendent of Police, Tarn Taran District, said the police have undertaken some initiatives to prevent drug addiction here.

“Police are aware that youth in Punjab are getting into this trade. Punjab Police have also initiated an awareness drive to educate parents and youth about the evils of drug abuse,” Virk said.

About 100 kilometres of the international border area falls in Tarn Taran District, and though there are bleak chances of border-crossing, drug-drop offs are taking place from the Pakistan’s side.

“We will not let anybody who is in this trade to addict youth,” he said.

There are many de-addiction camps being run privately, Government hospitals also have de-addiction centres but they fail to provide results.

Dr. Rana Ranbir Singh, a psychiatrist and in-charge of a government run drug de-addiction center, said that for the last two-and-a-half-years, there has been about 100 percent occupancy at the center, which shows an increase in drug abuse.

He also revealed that most drug addicts belong to the 16 to 35 age group, which indicates the high vulnerability of young people in the border belt.

He, however, said that basically it is a psychological problem and that there is a tremendous need for rehabilitation centers. (ANI)

Our bodies make their own morphine

Washington, Apr 27 (ANI): Human bodies may possess the biochemical machinery to produce a small but steady amount of natural morphine, according to a new study.

In the study, it was shown that mice produce the “incredible painkiller”, and that humans and other mammals possess the same chemical road map for making it, said study co-author Meinhart Zenk, who studies plant-based pharmaceuticals at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri.

To come up with finding, boffins injected mice with an extra dose of a natural brain chemical called tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), which humans and mice are known to produce, reports The National Geographic News.

And then, by using a tool called a mass spectrometer to analyze the mouse urine, the team was able to tell that THP underwent chemical changes in the body that created morphine.

The study has been published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Scientists crack opium poppy’s genetic code

London, Mar 15 (ANI): In a breakthrough discovery, researchers at the University of Calgary have found the unique genes that allow the opium poppy to make codeine and morphine.

The advance has opened doors to alternate methods of producing these effective painkillers either by manufacturing them in a lab or controlling the production of these compounds in the plant.

“The enzymes encoded by these two genes have eluded plant biochemists for a half-century. In finding not only the enzymes but also the genes, we”ve made a major step forward. It”s equivalent in finding a gene involved in cancer or other genetic disorders,” Nature quoted Peter Facchini, professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, as saying.

Codeine is by far the most widely used opiate in the world and one of the most commonly used painkillers. Codeine can be extracted directly from the plant, most codeine is synthesized from the much more abundant morphine found in opium poppy. Codeine is converted by an enzyme in the liver to morphine, which is the active analgesic and a naturally occurring compound in humans.

“With this discovery, we can potentially create plants that will stop production at codeine. We are also working toward the synthesis of codeine and other opiate drugs more efficiently and economically in controlled bioprocessing facilities. Our discovery now makes it possible to use microorganisms to produce opiate drugs and other important pharmaceuticals,” says Facchini.

Next, the researchers plan to use the codeine gene to produce pharmaceuticals in yeast or bacteria.

Jillian Hagel, a post-doctoral scientist in Facchini”s lab, was assigned the task of finding these key genes.

She succeeded using leading-edge genomics techniques that helped her sort through up to 23,000 different genes and ultimately find a gene called codeine O-dementhylase (CODM) that produces the plant enzyme converting codeine into morphine.

“That was an exciting day. We have found the missing pieces that were needed to understand how the opium poppy makes morphine,” said Hagel of her moment of discovery.

“The evolution of these two genes in a single plant species has had such a huge impact on humanity over the past several thousand years. Our discovery allows this unique genetic power to be harnessed in many important ways,” added Facchini.

The researchers” findings will be published in Nature Chemical Biology. (ANI)

Punjab police seize four kilograms of heroin

Amritsar, Sep 1 (ANI): Sleuths of Special Operation Cell (SOC) of Punjab have seized on Monday four kilograms of heroin estimated to be worth around rupees 200 million rupees in the international market and also arrested five men.

This was disclosed by P K Rai, Senior Superintendent of Police, Special Operation Cell, (SOC), Punjab.

Acting on a tip off, the police arrested Amanpreet Singh, Sandeep Singh, Gurmeet Singh, Jarnail Singh and Tehal Singh when they were going to deliver the consignment of heroin to a drug runner.owever, one of their accomplices Gulsaab Singh managed to give a slip to the raiding posse of policemen.

P K Rai revealed that apart from heroin, they also recovered a Maruti Alto and Splendour motorcycle from them.

The Special Operation Cell also registered a case under sections 21/25/29/61/85 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic (NDPS) Act of 1985 and filed FIR (First Information Report) vis-à-vis the seizure.

Drug seizures are often reported from Punjab, bordering Pakistan, and narcotics agencies say the border state is a major route for drug supply to the West from Afghanistan-Pakistan region.eroin is derived from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. It usually appears as a white or brown powder. (ANI)

Gwalior opium farmers stage protest for re-allotment of their lands

Gwalior, Aug 25 (ANI): More than 100 opium farmers here took to the streets demanding their lands back.

Farmers from Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan gathered in front of the office of the local Narcotics Commissioner.

Their demands include the revival of their cancelled land deeds, raising minimum support price for their crop and license to grow upto 48 kilograms opium per hectare.

Some agitated farmers, squatting outside the Narcotics Commissioner’s office for two days, took off their clothes in protest after they failed to meet the narcotics commissioner for the second day.

“We are protesting for one justified demand…during 2001 to 2008 opium farmers have suffered a huge loss because of hailstorms, cold wave and other natural reasons… Despite our losses, the Narcotics Commissioner has cancelled our allotments, even though we produced the collector’s survey damage report… We demand the revival of the title of the lands,” said Saurabh Jain, Convenor, Opium Farmers Struggle Committee, Rajasthan.

India is one of the world’s top producers of opium and is the sole producer of licit opium gum utilized by the world’s pharmaceutical industries to produce codeine, morphine, narcotine, thebaine, papaverine and other medical products.

While remote mountainous areas like Kulu-Manali are more in the news as poppy cultivation areas, mostly due to the illicit crops destroyed, the highest yields come from the Indo-Gangetic plains constituting Uttar Pradesh and parts of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Opium cultivation and processing in India is strictly regulated by the Central Bureau of Narcotics (CBN), as per provisions of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (India), 1985 and Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Rules (India), 1985.

Peasants are licensed to grow a certain area in poppy and government factories process the opium. The Ghazipur factory in Uttar Pradesh is about 150 years old while another plant at Neemuch in Madhya Pradesh was set up in the 1930′s. (ANI)

Lingerie model reveals she was once a man

London, July 12 (ANI): With her striking looks, statuesque size ten figure and 34DD boobs, lingerie model Lisa Du Preez is certainly a woman to die for, but even after weeks of dating her, her boyfriend didn’t come to know that she was once a man.

Brunette Lisa, 35, has now come out in open to admit that ten years ago she was a bloke called Louis.

And her surgical sex-swap transformation has shown such good results that her electrician fiance didn’t know the truth until she rang him and confessed.

“I let people think I was a natural-born woman for a long while and had a great time seeing how many men I could pull and get away with it,” News of the World quoted Lisa as saying.

She added: “But now I’m ready to let the world know who I really am. I want people to know that transvestites and transsexuals aren’t all ugly freaks.”

Lisa has an online lingerie shop liselou.com and her glam pictures have been used on dating websites, nightclub posters and adverts for contact lenses.

“But actually becoming a woman was hell. On a scale of one to ten, the pain was a ten. I had to go on morphine to cope,” she admitted.

“Obviously I can’t have kids, but when people say I don’t know what childbirth feels like, I say I DO! It was agony. But now I look like this I have absolutely no regrets,” she said.

Lisa went for the sex-change operation only after meeting a transvestite.

And in 1999, after living as a woman full-time for two years, Lisa – from Enfield, Middlesex – had the surgery that finally allowed her to make love as a woman.

“It was amazing. I did have orgasms as a man but they’re better as a woman,” she said.

“When I met my fiance John Ward in a pub a year ago we hit it off right away but I didn’t tell him about the surgery.

“We dated for a few weeks, kissing and cuddling, and then it got to the stage where I knew I had to tell him.

“I took the easy way out and phoned him,” she added.

John admitted: “I didn’t know what to say at first, But I accept Lisa as she is, we’re in love and going to get married.” (ANI)

Tests confirm MJ had lethal drug cocktail in his body

London, July 11 (ANI): Tests have confirmed that King of Pop Michael Jackson had a cocktail of powerful painkiller Demerol and heroin substitute methadone in his body when he died.

According to reports, the drugs found in the star’s body were strong enough to have killed any normal person instantly. reliminary toxicology reports have been submitted to the Los Angeles county coroner’s office.

The revelation of their findings came as sources predicted that Jackson’s death could result in manslaughter or even murder charges.

“Michael Jackson was a walking drug store when he died – he never stood a chance,” the Sun quoted a case insider as saying.

The newspaper report says that apart from high levels of Demerol and Methadone, blood tests also revealed high levels of anti-anxiety drug XANAX in the singer’s body.

It further states that lower levels of Propofol, an anaesthetic for hospital use only, were also present in the ‘Thriller’ hitmaker’s body.

A significant amount of narcotic Dilaudid, normally used to numb post-surgery pain, was discovered, added the report.

Another post-op painkiller called Fentanyl was also found in “therapeutic” levels. This is known to be 100 times more potent than morphine.

Tests have also confirmed the presence of prescription painkiller Vicodin, anti-anxiety pills Valium and the sleeping drug Ambien in Jackson’s body.

“The body can build up extreme tolerances to huge doses of drugs but eventually it overloads and just shuts down. That is what happened to Michael,” the insider said.

“Tests showed that as well as Demerol and methadone, he had taken four more painkillers and anaesthetics plus anti-anxiety pills.

“This is sure to increase pressure on police to establish exactly how one man obtained so many prescription medications – and which doctors were responsible.

“There is increasing talk of manslaughter charges if it can be shown he was given drugs without proper regard for his safety,” the source added.

Police Chief William Bratton is waiting for the final toxicology reports.

“Based on those, we will have an idea what we are dealing with. Are we dealing with a homicide or are we dealing with accidental overdose?” he said.

At least four doctors are at the core of the investigation. One, personal physician Dr. Conrad Murray, was with Jacko when he collapsed. (ANI)

Heroin worth rupees 600 million seized in Punjab

Ferozepur (Punjab), July 4 (ANI): Punjab police seized heroin worth millions here on Friday.

Two people were arrested with 12 kilogram of heroin in their possession.

SPS Parmar, Senior Superintendent of Police, Ferozepur, said, “We have recovered 12 kilogram of heroin from their possession. Besides this we also recovered two pistols and live cartridges from them…the recovered ammunition includes a Belgium-made 0.32 bore pistol and a 0.30 bore Chinese pistol.”

“Interrogations were on to get to the bottom of drug racket,” he added.

The accused have been charged under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Regulation of Controlled Substances Order 1993) Act and other offences.

The value of half-a- kilogram of heroin in the domestic market is currently ten million rupees.

Heroin is derived from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder. (ANI)

20 drugs seized from Jacko’s house

London, July 3 (ANI): Cops have reportedly found a horde of 20 different drugs at late singer Michael Jackson’s home, of which ten are potentially lethal painkillers and anaesthetics.

There were anti-anxiety pills, including Valium, Methadone, used to wean junkies off heroin, Demerol, a pain reliever, anaesthetic Propofol, dubbed “the Milk of Amnesia”, Fentanyl, a powerful pain reliever given to terminal cancer patients and Oxycontin, a painkiller similar to morphine but branded “Hillbilly Heroin”.

“The Jackson mansion was more like a drug store than someone’s home,” the Sun quoted a source close to the probe as saying.

Some of the medications bore labels showing that they had been prescribed to Jacko, while rest of them were labelled with other names – and some were not labelled at all.

The King of Pop is believed to have used aliases to obtain his prescriptions.

“Powerful narcotic painkillers of all kinds were found. There was no reasonable excuse for them all being there. Using more than one of this type of drug can be potentially fatal,” said the source.

“But there were ten in the house – it’s unbelievable.

“Police want to know whether the other people named on the medicine labels really needed the drugs prescribed to them and will be speaking to the doctors involved.

“The drugs found remain at the very heart of the investigation into the death of Michael Jackson,” the source added. (ANI)

US initiates historic shift in Afghan counter-narcotics policy

London, July 1 (ANI): The International Council on Security and Development (ICOS) today hailed the monumental move by the US to stop the failed policy of poppy crop eradication in Afghanistan.

It also called on the US, UK and the international community to back its “Poppy for Medicine” proposal in the war-torn country.

On Saturday, the US announced that it would withdraw its support for efforts to eradicate opium cultivation in Afghanistan.

Richard Holbrooke, the US envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, said that eradication “didn’t reduce the amount of money the Taliban got by one dollar.”

Shortly after the Taliban fell in 2001, the US-led international community in Afghanistan adopted eradication as part of their counter-narcotics policy in an attempt to curtail the opium crisis.

Since then, eradication policies have been inefficient and counter-productive in winning the hearts and minds of the Afghan people.

“Eradication provides the Taliban insurgency with an even more valuable currency than money, and that is loyalty,” said Emmanuel Reinert, Executive Director of ICOS.

“Farmers have turned against the US and ISAF military when their livelihoods were destroyed; with the US stopping its own eradication policies, the West has a real opportunity to turn the situation around and build trust with the Afghan people.”

“This move by the US represents a ‘historic shift’ in its counter-narcotics policy, yet it won’t go far enough to alleviate the opium crisis in Afghanistan,” said Reinert.

“In addition to ending poppy eradication programs, our Poppy for Medicine proposal is a crucial step to successfully cutting off Taliban supplies and provide sustainable and viable livelihoods to Afghan farmers.”

After the US announcement, the UK government spoke out against the new stance by the US and vowed to continue its own eradication efforts.

“I would urge the UK and the entire international community to eliminate poppy crop eradication from their counter-narcotics policy in Afghanistan, and to support a truly viable alternative based on scientific study, namely, Poppy for Medicine,” said Raymond Kendall, Former Secretary-General of Interpol and a Member of the ICOS Advisory Board.

The Council called on the US to implement its proposed Poppy for Medicine programme to license the growing of the poppy crop in Afghanistan for localised, tightly controlled production of morphine, currently unavailable to 80 percent of the world’s population.

Since 2005, ICOS has conducted intense research on its Poppy for Medicine initiative. The European Parliament endorsed the proposal in October 2007, yet was rejected on several occasions by the Bush Administration since005.

“The Poppy for Medicine programme, if implemented, would function as a counter-insurgency initiative which would end Taliban funding through drugs trafficking and drive a wedge between insurgents and poppy farmers.

Changing Afghanistan’s counter-narcotics policy is a first bid to win back the hearts and minds of Afghanistan´s 2.4 million farmers currently dependent on illegal poppy cultivation,” he added.(ANI)

Jacko ‘took morphine overdose’ after infamous Bashir interview

London, June 29 (ANI): Michael Jackson nearly died after taking a morphine overdose following his infamous interview with British journalist Martin Bashir, a doctor who treated him has claimed.

Bashir spent eight months interviewing the King of Pop at his Neverland ranch for the controversial TV special Living With Michael Jackson.

The broadcast showed Jackson’s confession of offering his bed to child friends, which later led to sexual abuse charges against the late icon for which he was found not guilty.

A doctor, who was treating Jackson’s brother Randy, alleged that the Thriller hitmaker landed himself in danger after he worked himself up into a “frenzy of anxiety” over a TV interview and collapsed in 2003.

“His frame was light but not severely malnourished. He probably weighed about 11 stone,” the Daily Star quoted the expert as having told Britain’s Mail on Sunday newspaper.

“Randy said Michael had been under severe stress because of the television programme which had aired that night.

“I recall him saying that an earlier TV documentary had caused all manner of problems and that Michael had worked himself into a frenzy of anxiety over this one,” he added.

The doctor further said that he warned the family against the singer’s addiction problems, saying: “I was deeply disturbed by the event. I told Randy that his brother should voluntarily go to a rehabilitation centre to deal with his obvious addiction problem… I wanted to discuss with Michael directly the damage he was doing to his health and the very real concerns I had for his well-being. I never heard from any of them again.”

Jackson died aged 50 on June 25 after suffering an apparent cardiac arrest amid speculation he had taken a cocktail of prescription drugs. (ANI)

King of Pop Michael Jackson dies of ‘heart attack’

London, June 26 (ANI): King of pop Michael Jackson passed away at the age of 50 last night after he reportedly suffered a massive heart attack due to drug overdose.

The legendary star collapsed and stopped breathing after he took an injection of a powerful painkiller named Demerol.

It is believed that the singer was addicted to the drug – similar to morphine – and it is feared that he took an overdose.

An emergency call made paramedics rush to his Los Angeles home where they found he had no pulse.

He was taken to the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Centre, where staff tried to resuscitate him but he was completely unresponsive.

The ‘Thriller’ hit-maker had been fighting skin cancer and was due to start a series of comeback concerts in London next month.

But, much to everybody’s shock, fans around the world are today mourning the death of the legend.

In an interview, long-time family insider Arthur Phoenix said that the Jackson family is devastated over the loss.

“The family is in mourning right now. They are devastated and very hurt,” The Sun quoted Phoenix as saying.

He added: “The world of entertainment has suffered a great loss, the biggest since the death of Elvis Presley.

“It hurts me to think that one of the world’s great entertainers has passed. I wish that he had been here a lot longer.” (ANI)

Like humans, goldfish too feel pain

London, May 01 (ANI): A team of researchers has claimed to have solved the mystery that intrigued the science world for decades: Whether or not fish feel pain?

And, the answer is yes. Just like humans, goldfish feel pain too.

Whilst the marine creatures can be seen to react to a jab or blow, experts have disagreed over whether the reaction indicates a sensation of pain, or is little more than a basic reflex.

Therefore, researchers, from Norway and the US, embarked on a study to set the record straight.

In the experiment, goldfish were exposed to painful heat. Half of the fish were given a painkilling injection of morphine beforehand, while the other half were not.

Two hours later, the fish that had undergone the test without painkillers showed signs of fear and wariness – suggesting that they had suffered a bad experience and remembered it, say researchers.

According to scientists, the finding undermines claims that fish merely display reflex actions and do not sense pain.

“The results show that it could not have been a simple reflex action,” The Telegraph quoted Dr Joseph Garner, as saying.

“The fact that their behaviour changed so much really strongly suggests there is something going on with their memory and experience of that event that is not a reflex. I believe it does show that fish feel pain,” he added.

The work was carried out by Janicke Nordgreen with colleagues at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science and Purdue University. The findings are reported in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science. (ANI)

Goldfish feel pain too

London, Apr 26 (ANI): A team of researchers has claimed to have solved the mystery that intrigued the science world for decades: Whether or not fish feel pain?

And, the answer is yes. Just like humans, goldfish feel pain too.

Whilst the marine creatures can be seen to react to a jab or blow, experts have disagreed over whether the reaction indicates a sensation of pain, or is little more than a basic reflex.

Therefore, researchers, from Norway and the US, embarked on a study to set the record straight.

In the experiment, goldfish were exposed to painful heat. Half of the fish were given a painkilling injection of morphine beforehand, while the other half were not.
Two hours later, the fish that had undergone the test without painkillers showed signs of fear and wariness – suggesting that they had suffered a bad experience and remembered it, say researchers.

According to scientists, the finding undermines claims that fish merely display reflex actions and do not sense pain.

“The results show that it could not have been a simple reflex action,” The Telegraph quoted Dr Joseph Garner, as saying.

“The fact that their behaviour changed so much really strongly suggests there is something going on with their memory and experience of that event that is not a reflex. I believe it does show that fish feel pain,” he added.

The work was carried out by Janicke Nordgreen with colleagues at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science and Purdue University. The findings are reported in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science. (ANI)

Heroin, fake currency seized in Amritsar, three nabbed

Amritsar, Mar 30 (ANI): Police seized four kilograms of heroin and fake currency worth rupees one million from three suspects in Amritsar.

The three suspects were from neighbouring Tarn Taran district, said P K Rai, Senior Superintendent of Police, Special Narcotic Cell of Punjab police.

“We received information that a group of three men have received heroin and fake currency from Pakistan. We trapped them near defence drain bridge near village Dholan, when they were about to deliver the consignment. During inspection, we found four kilograms of heroin and fake Indian currency worth rupees one million,” he said.

Rai said that the consignment was pushed into by Indian territory by an alleged Pakistani smuggler, Julfikar.

The culprits have been charged under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Regulation of Controlled Substances Order 1993) Act and other offences.

Narcotics agencies say India, wedged between two major drug-producing regions, the Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent, is a major transit point for drug smuggling to the West where returns are lucrative.

Heroin is derived from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder. (ANI)

Platypus venom may help scientists design new pain killers in future

Sydney, March 27 (ANI): Analyzing the venom of a platypus may help scientists design new pain killers in the future.

According to a report by ABC News, molecular biologist Camilla Whittington has been granted a Fulbright Scholarship to analyse the components of the venom, which can cause severe pain.

“Once we know which one causes pain, then people can start to work to understand how it does that and then develop novel pain killers,” said Whittington, a PhD student at the University of Sydney.

Venom from snakes have already yielded treatments for heart and blood problems, but very little is known about venom from mammals.

The platypus is one of only five mammals that produce venom.

Whittington said that the venom is injected by the male platypus, which has sharp spurs on each hind leg that can spring into action when the animal is attacked.

She said that the venom causes extreme long-lasting pain and swelling that can be tricky to treat.

“We know morphine doesn’t relieve the pain of envenomation; so we’re thinking there may be new pain pathways that are involved in causing the pain – ones that we haven’t discovered yet,” she said.

“If we can work out what causes the pain, we can start to understand how it does that and then maybe work out how to block it,” she added.

But, before that can happen a lot of basic research needs to be done.

According to Whittington, so far only three components of platypus venom have been identified, including peptides related to antimicrobial peptides and nerve growth factors.

Interestingly, available evidence suggests similar proteins have evolved twice, being found in both reptiles and platypus.

“We think it’s an example of convergent evolution,” said Whittington.

She said that studies suggest there may be 50 compounds in platypus venom and her job is now to identify them all so they can then be tested further. (ANI)

Jade Goody’s mum: My beautiful girl has gone

London, March 23 (ANI): Jade Goody’s mum Jackiey Budden held on to her daughter’s hand who passed away peacefully in her sleep, and in a sad moment said: “Goodbye, my darling.”

Jade lost her battle to cervical cancer on March 22 – Mother’s Day – and got her last wish to spend her final days at her home in Essex with her family, new husband Jack Tweed and sons, Bobby, five, and Freddy, four.

Both Jackiey and Jack, along with her friend and personal trainer Kevin Adams, were by the 27-year-old’s bedside when her end came.

“My beautiful girl has gone. My beautiful daughter is at peace” the Sun quoted Jackiey as saying.

Describing Jade’s final moments, a pal said: “It was very calm and very beautiful. Poor Jade was in a coma-like state for at least 24 hours.”

The friend added: “She would sleep for hours then stir and come round slightly. She was too weak to talk. The doctor had given her a lot of morphine because she was obviously in incredible pain.”

The Brit reality TV star was diagnosed with the disease last August, and was told that it had spread to her entire body.

“Jade died as she lived, in the public eye. It’s very sad. We got very close. She was a 27-year-old facing up to terminal cancer and securing the future of her kids. Jade has been so brave,” Goody’s publicist Max Clifford said.

“She died having been in a deep sleep for the past 24 hours. It’s ironic she died on Mother’s Day. She was such a good mum.

“I think she’s going to be remembered as a young girl who has, and who will, save an awful lot of lives.

“And she faced her death in the way she faced her whole life – full on, with a lot of courage,” Clifford added. (ANI)

Low to moderate, not heavy, drinking triggers ‘feel good’ brain chemicals

Washington, Mar 20 (ANI): A new study has shown that low and moderate but not high doses of alcohol trigger ‘feel good’ brain chemicals called beta-endorphins.

Beta-endorphin release produces a general feeling of well-being that reinforces the desire to drink.

Scientists know that alcohol affects the brain, but the specifics remain unclear. One possibility is that alcohol may increase or decrease the release and the synthesis of endogenous opioid peptides – endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins – in distinct brain regions important for drug addiction.

For the first time, a rodent study has confirmed that low to moderate levels of alcohol alter beta-endorphin release in the midbrain/Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) region, producing the pleasant effects that likely reinforce alcohol consumption.

“Some of the functions of opioid peptides are similar to those of the opiate morphine,” said Christina Gianoulakis, a professor in the departments of psychiatry and physiology at McGill University, and the study’s corresponding author.

“Like morphine, endogenous opioid peptides can induce analgesia and a mild euphoric effect, reduce anxiety, and may lead to a general feeling of well being.

“Therefore, increased release of endogenous opioid peptides in response to drinking could be partially responsible for the mild euphoric and anxiolytic effects associated with low to moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages,” Gianoulakis added.

Researchers injected male Sprague-Dawley rats with either saline or alcohol. Using an in vivo microdialysis technique, study authors tracked the response of endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins at the level of the midbrain, including the VTA.

“We found that low to moderate but not high doses of alcohol increase the release of beta-endorphin in the VTA, one of the brain regions shown to be important for mediating the rewarding effect of alcohol,” said Gianoulakis.

“This supports a role of beta-endorphin in mediating some of the rewarding effects of alcohol. However, the same doses of alcohol that increase beta-endorphin release in the VTA have no significant effect on the release of enkephalins and dynorphins, the other two families of endogenous opioid peptides we examined,” Gianoulakis added.

Results will be published in the June issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View. (ANI)