Researchers operate biomedical robots from different locations worldwide via Internet

Washington, September 18 (ANI): Experts from the University of Washington and SRI International have jointly developed a new software protocol, to standardize the way biomedical robots are managed over the Internet.

Nine research teams from universities and research institutes around the world recently made a successful demonstration of biomedical robots operated from different locations in the U.S., Europe, and Asia with the help of the ‘Interoperable Telesurgical Protocol’.

In a 24-hour period, each participating group connected over the Internet, and controlled robots at different locations.

The tests performed demonstrated how a wide variety of robot and controller designs can seamlessly interoperate, allowing researchers to work together easily and more efficiently.

The demonstration also evaluated the feasibility of robotic manipulation from multiple sites, and was conducted to measure time and performance for evaluating laparoscopic surgical skills.

“Although many telemanipulation systems have common features, there is currently no accepted protocol for connecting these systems. We hope this new protocol serves as a starting point for the discussion and development of a robust and practical Internet-type standard that supports the interoperability of future robotic systems,” said SRI’s Tom Low.

The protocol is expected to allow engineers and designers that usually develop technologies independently, to work collaboratively, determine which designs work best, encourage widespread adoption of the new communications protocol, and help robotics research to evolve more rapidly.

Its early adoption may encourage robotic systems to be developed with interoperability in mind, and avoid future incompatibilities.

“We’re very pleased with the success of the event in which almost all of the possible connections between operator stations and remote robots were successful. We were particularly excited that novel elements such as a simulated robot and an exoskeleton controller worked smoothly with the other remote manipulation systems,” said Professor Blake Hannaford of the University of Washington. (ANI)

Tight security at Vaishno Devi shrine ahead of “Navratri”

Katra, Sept 18 (ANI): Security has been beefed up at the famous Vaishno Devi Temple near Jammu ahead of the nine-day “Navratri” festival.

Paramilitary and police personnel are patrolling and frisking people at important points in Katra, which is thronged by thousands of devotees every year, especially during Navratri.

The nine-day Navratri festival will begin from Saturday and the authorities claim to be in full control of the situation.

“There is much fanfare in Katra during Navratra festival and the inflow of tourists also rises manifold during those days. We have made proper security arrangements. We have taken the help of the CRPF. This time, we also have one contingent of Haryana police,” said Ashok Sharma, Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP).

The devotees making their way to the shrine were also put through rigorous checking, a routine, exercised with extra care, considering the sensitive nature of the shrine and keeping recent threats in mind.

The devotees complied without complaining.

“There was not much trouble during the security check. We were checked several times but we did not face any problem. It was all done very safely,” said Vijay Kumar, a devotee.

‘Navratri’, which literally means nine nights, is observed twice a year.

The festival lasts for nine days in honour of nine manifestations of Durga, goddess of power ,and fall in the months of April-May and September-October.

It is believed that during the Navratri, Goddess Durga descends on earth to rid it of the demons and blesses her devotees with happiness and prosperity. (ANI)

Extremely tough to win a Grand Slams now, says Murray

London, Sep.17 (ANI): World Number three Andy Murray is of the view that winning a Grand Slam title in the present day and age is far more tougher than it was before, given the kind of talent on show in the tennis circuit.

He said that when players are competing against the likes of Roger Federer, Raphael Nadal and now Juan Martin Del Potro, winning a title was not easy.

“It’s really, really tough to win the slams now so Del Potro’s effort was pretty good. There’s no question that Roger (Federer) and Rafa (Nadal) are two of the best ever. Roger’s people say he’s the best of all time; that’s not really up for debate. And Rafa, providing he stays healthy, I’d expect to get to double figures on slam wins,” The Telegraph quoted Murray, as saying.

“That’s better than any two rivals have managed together and then behind them the standard is very high. There are guys like (Andy) Roddick who’s only managed to win one slam right at the start of that career and he’s a great player,” he added.

Murray, who exited from the US Open in the fourth-round, also said that he wanted to take his mind off his disappointment and move on.

For the moment, he is only concerned about defeating a couple of Polish journeymen to provide Britain with the platform for a victory which would ensure they do not get demoted to the Davis Cup’s third tier for the first time in 13 years. (ANI)

Katona’s ‘hubby wants to leak couple’s sex tape on net to ease cash crisis’

London, Sept 16 (ANI): Already troubled Kerry Katona fears getting into more mess as hubby Mark Croft wants to sell off a steamy sex tape of the couple to alleviate their cash crunch, it has emerged.

Pals say Katona’s former taxi driver hubby tried to sell the idea to her, which has made the ex-Atomic Kitten even more anxious about losing the custody of her two daughters, Molly and Lilly Sue, to their father and divorced hubby Brian Nicholas McFadden.

“Mark’s not given up hope by any means. He thinks it’s a guaranteed earner, which could make them anything up to half-a-million,” a pal was quoted by the Daily Star, as saying.

Friends say the 39-year old Croft has no plans to change his mind and he intends to use the cash from the tape’s sale to fund his extravagant lifestyle.

A friend said: “Mark thinks he knows it all and is determined to take over every aspect of Kerry’s life. He thinks that a sex tape of them, which somehow found its way on to the internet, would earn them a lot of cash – at least 250,000 pounds and possibly as much as 500,000 pounds.

“Mark is absolutely obsessed with money and has told Kerry that it could be a life-saver for them, but at the moment she’s having nothing to do with it.

“She’s scared stiff of anything so tacky being the last stop in her attempts to hold on to her two little girls by Brian McFadden.” (ANI)

Some animals can reflect upon, monitor, regulate their states of mind

Washington, September 15 (ANI): Conducting extensive research into animal cognition, psychologists at the University at Buffalo have found that some animals may share humans’ ability to reflect upon, monitor or regulate their states of mind.

“Comparative psychologists have studied the question of whether or not non-human animals have knowledge of their own cognitive states by testing a dolphin, pigeons, rats, monkeys and apes using perception, memory and food-concealment paradigms,” said Dr. J. David Smith, a comparative psychologist at the university.

“The field offers growing evidence that some animals have functional parallels to humans’ consciousness and to humans’ cognitive self-awareness,” he added.

He counts dolphins and macaque monkeys among such species.

Recounting the original animal-metacognition experiment with Natua the dolphin, Smith said: “When uncertain, the dolphin clearly hesitated and wavered between his two possible responses, but when certain, he swam toward his chosen response so fast that his bow wave would soak the researchers’ electronic switches.”

He added: “In sharp contrast, pigeons in several studies have so far not expressed any capacity for metacognition. In addition, several converging studies now show that capuchin monkeys barely express a capacity for metacognition. This last result,” Smith says, “raises important questions about the emergence of reflective or extended mind in the primate order. This research area opens a new window on reflective mind in animals, illuminating its phylogenetic emergence and allowing researchers to trace the antecedents of human consciousness.”

Smith describes metacognition as a sophisticated human capacity linked to hierarchical structure in the mind because the metacognitive executive control processes oversee lower-level cognition, to self-awareness because uncertainty and doubt feel so personal and subjective, and to declarative consciousness because humans are conscious of their states of knowing and can declare them to others.

Therefore, Smith says: “It is a crucial goal of comparative psychology to establish firmly whether animals share humans’ metacognitive capacity. If they do, it could bear on their consciousness and self-awareness, too.”

He concludes, “Metacognition rivals language and tool use in its potential to establish important continuities or discontinuities between human and animal minds.”

A research article describing his study has been published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Science. (ANI)

Deepak Chopra says MJ was “a very controlled addict”

London, Sept 14 (ANI): World-famous self-help guru Deepak Chopra believes his friend Michael Jackson could not have died of drug addiction, as he was a “very controlled addict”.

The Telegraph quoted Chopra as saying: “It was caused not by the drugs he had been taking for years…. He was a very controlled addict. But by him being given a particular drug that is so powerful that I have never heard of it being used anywhere but in an operating theatre with breathing tubes and a ventilator.”

Chopra, who is also called “the spiritualist to the stars”, wants a criminal investigation into the King of Pop’s death and blames doctors for his easy demise.

He said: “There is a plethora of designer doctors who will give patients anything they want as along as they are paid…. That’s why I’d like to see a criminal investigation. That way some good would come out of Michael’s death. But no one seems to be prepared to do anything about it – even when the drugs these doctors are prescribing are killing people.”

MJ had contacted Chopra after reading one of his books on mind, body and spirit and the two had always been in touch since then. (ANI)

Sir Elton John plans to adopt 14-month-old Ukranian boy

London, September 13 (ANI): Sir Elton John is planning to adopt a child from Ukraine with partner David Furnish.

The singer revealed that a 14-month-old boy called Lev has apparently “stolen his heart.”

The child had performed at an orphanage in Ukraine while the ‘Candle In The Wind’ hitmaker was on a visit.

The 62-year-old confessed that he had always avoided adopting someone because of his age and continuous tours.

“David and I have always talked about adoption, David always wanted to adopt a child and I always said ‘no’ because I am 62 and I think because of the travelling I do and the life I have, maybe it wouldn’t be fair for the child,” the BBC News quoted him as saying.

“But having seen Lev today, I would love to adopt him. I don’t know how we do that but he has stolen my heart. And he has stolen David’s heart and it would be wonderful if we can have a home. I’ve changed my mind today,” he added.

The death of Elton’s long-term keyboardist, Guy Babylon, has influenced him too.

He said: “Last week I lost one of my best friends; my keyboard player died of a heart attack at 52.

“It broke my heart because he was such a genius and so young and has two wonderful children.

“What better opportunity to replace someone I lost than to replace him with someone I can give a future to.” (ANI)

‘Mysterious messages’ penned by MJ in final hours emerge

London, September 13 (ANI): A string of messages penned by Michael Jackson in his final hours have come to light.

Post-its notes and sheets of paper, scribbled as “wishes for the world” have reportedly been found on the mirror in the late singer’s bathroom.

The notes allegedly show the King of Pop’s bizarre state of mind before he died of drug addiction on June 25, reports the News of the World.

Pals of the singer believe Jackson was using the notes as means to prepare himself for his comeback concerts in London.

Note number one, found on the right of Jackson’s gold-framed mirror, apparently read: “I am so grateful that I am a magnet for miracles.”

Note number two, pinned to the bottom of the mirror, a message in large handwriting said: “Love, no violence ever!” And underneath, in smaller handwriting, he had added: “Remember a beautiful future promise of tomorrow.”

Note number three was a startling reminder to perform the hit charity single he recorded with soul legend Lionel Ritchie in 1985, saying: “Do We Are The World in show”.

Note number four read “Call Temperton”, referring to British songwriter and producer Rod Temperton, who co-wrote several Jackson songs including Thriller and Rock With You.

A source said: “It’s worrying that he had to write reminders about things as obvious as these while he was rehearsing for his tour…But the drugs he was taking obviously had a huge impact on his mind and memory.” (ANI)

WAGs declare war on Capello following their World Cup ban

London, Sep 12 (ANI): England’s WAGs have blasted coach Fabio Capello after he banned them from the World Cup in South Africa and laid down strict rules for them.

Capello insisted that his stars will not go to the tournament for a holiday, and warned their wives and girlfriends: “If you don’t like it, don’t come.”

He ruled that his current squad can have just one day with their partners and families after each game next summer. And that will be the only socialising allowed.

The WAGs hit back after the team boss insisted the South Africa trip will not be a “holiday” by saying that they were a vital part of the beautiful game, the Daily Star reports.

Speaking on behalf of the international players’ wives, Lizzie Cundy, 38, wife of ex-Chelsea ace Jason, 39, said: “Fabio has made the wrong decision.”

Danielle Lloyd, 25, who is dating Portsmouth loan signing Jamie O’Hara, 22, says WAGs are vital to the game.

“I understand Fabio’s concern. It isn’t a good idea for the wives and girlfriends of the footballers to be taking them away from their careers. But it is important for us to be supporting our partners, as that will also help them with their game. I always make sure Jamie eats well and rests in the run-up to a game so he’s in the right frame of mind,” she said.

Lizzie added: “I admit that at the last World Cup the WAGs did hit the headlines but they’ve learned their lesson and have all grown up a bit.”

Capello’s hardball threat came after England’s last trip to the World Cup finals turned into a circus when the WAGs took over the picturesque town of Baden Baden in Germany. There were parties every night and the players were in almost daily contact with their loved ones. (ANI)

Pakistan to play Australia at Headingly and Lords in 2010

London, Sep.11 (ANI): Pakistan will take on Australia in a two-Test series in England in 2010.

The matches will be played at Headingley and Lord’s.

England and Wales Cricket Board chairman Giles Clark said that the selection of the two venues was made keeping the expatriate Pakistani population in mind. He said that England’s first test against Bangladesh would be shifted to Old Trafford. (ANI)

Noted Squash coach Satinder Bajwa trains poor children

Chandigarh, Sep.11 (ANI): Satinder Bajwa, an expatriate Punjabi, who is a squash coach, has set up an academy for the underprivileged children in Chandigarh to draw them to Squash.

These underprivileged children never thought about playing Squash. But, at the newly founded Squash Academy called ‘Mind, Body and Game – Connection’, they learn how to play it.

Satinder Bajwa, who has been the manager and mentor of eight times World Squash Champion Jansher Khan, has commenced this social business venture to promote the game here.

The Academy will nurture 30 children of ‘Khelshala’, a charitable trust, which serves underprivileged children through sports.

“Everybody wants to help his or her origins or the country that needs help. I am not a wealthy guy but I have something to give to kids in terms of a sport, so I thought how I give back to my country and I do a non-profit programme in the USA called Kids Squash and I thought may be its needed here in India and may be we can help kids through giving them something that they can use to help themselves,” said Satinder Bajwa, Founder of the MBG Ceonnection Academy in Chandigarh.

“You can give somebody money, money runs out but you give them something like this, may be if they are good at I, they can become very good, may be if they are good students, may be I can get them into some international university and few years down the roads, we might see some results which may enable people to help themselves,” said Bajwa.
He says the objective of the Squash Academy is to highlight that through exercise and play one can achieve a healthy body and mind for a fuller life experience.

The Academy will offer members a comprehensive set of world-class facilities including top of the line gym equipment and two squash courts, Bajwa adds.

Bajwa, who immigrated to the USA, is presently the chief coach of Squash at Harvard University. He felt the need to giver back to his homeland something valuable.

Many people in Punjab believe that Squash is a sport that has a future.

“The game is very nice. There is no age limit to play this game. Its very enjoyable and there are no chances of injuries,” said Manjit Singh, a trainee.

“We were little apprehensive in the first couple of days how may kids would be interested but we have had an amazing turnout and its been tones and tones of response from the kids and everyday more and more kids wanna come and play and its wonderful to see excitement and eagerness of all the kids ibn the village to come and play,” said Elizabeth Chaplin, a trainer in Massachusetts, US.

The MBG – Connection and Khelshala are a lifetime dream of Bajwa who also funded ‘kids squash’, a U.S.-based non-profit organization that promotes well-being through sports for children of all backgrounds.

Khelshala will also have an educational component as well as it will aim to leverage sports to help kids attain scholarships to private schools. By Sunil Sharma (ANI)

War talks can boost older adults’ mental health

London, Sept 11 (ANI): Encouraging elderly to talk about old times can actually improve their memory and limit effects of dementia, finds a new study.

The research team led by Professor Catherine Haslam, at the University of Exeter, showed that ‘reminiscence therapy’ can significantly increase cognitive recall and agility of the mind by up to 12 per cent within six weeks.

During the study, the researchers recruited 73 people – aged between 70 and 90 and some with dementia – and split them into three groups.

The first group was made to sit around once a week in sets of five and reminisce about the old days such as childhood, weddings and family holidays, as well objects that could spark memories such as old-fashioned ink pots and hats.

After six weeks, the standard cognitive tests showed that the memory had improved by 12 per cent. Those suffering dementia saw an improvement of about eight per cent.

In contrast, the two other groups – one that was encouraged to play skittles – and another that was encouraged to have one on one chats showed very little improvement in their brain power.

“The people we were talking to were more than happy to bring up the war. It emerged as a very important part of their lives. As well as it improving their memory some people found it incredibly enjoyable,” the Telegraph quoted Prof Haslam, a neuropsychologist as saying.

“It doesn’t actually reverse dementia but it seems to make the most of their residual abilities,” she added.

Professor Alex Haslam, her husband, who was also carrying out research into social groups at the university, said the result were very significant.

“If you had a drug that could do that you would that you would make a lot of money. The drug in this case is the social group,” he said. (ANI)

BSF deploys women guards on Pakistan border in Punjab

Ferozepur (Punjab), Sep 11 (ANI): The Border Security Force (BSF) deployed the first batch of women guards on Pakistan border in Punjab.

The move would make foolproof body frisking at border check posts and farms lying across the border fence, said an official.

“The wives of our farmers cross the fencing at the border to carry out farming activities. We need to frisk them while going and coming back, which our male constables cannot do. So we have appointed women constables so that the security angle can be covered,” said H.S. Garcha, Commandant, 43 Battalion, BSF, Ferozepur.

These personnel have been given training in weapon handling, intelligence gathering, border management, unarmed combat, frisking and guard duties.

“I was always interested in joining the armed forces, I also had NCC in my college. Since then I had this in mind that if given an opportunity, I would definitely do something like this. I always wanted to wear this uniform,” said Randeep Ranju, a BSF constable.

BSF formed its first women’s battalion when 178 recruits passed out of the BSF’s Subsidiary Training Centre at Kharga near Hoshiarpur on July 25.

BSF plans to induct 35,000 women guards in the paramilitary force in the next four years. (ANI)

Men’s sweat ‘boosts their attractiveness in the eyes of women’

London, Sept 11 (ANI): A naturally present chemical in men’s sweat may act as a primitive love potion that increases their attractiveness in women’s eyes, says a new study.

The substance is derived from the male sex hormone testosterone.

To reach the conclusion, Tamsin Saxton of the University of St Andrews studied the influence of androstadienone by dabbling a drop of it on the upper lip of 50 women who took part in the evening trial before they “dated” a series of men.

From analyses, researchers found that women of all ages rated the men slightly higher on a scale of attractiveness when given the substance, compared to water or clove oil, but the effect was greatest in younger women aged between 18 and 22, reports The Independent.

“For some of the women we gave them androstadienone and we put it in clove oil solution so they just smelt clove oil. Some of the women had clove oil alone, and the third group had just water so there was no odour at all,” she told the British Science Festival.

“We got the women to mark how attractive they thought the men were on a one to seven scale after they interacted with each man,” she said.

“We found that the women given androstadienone had given slightly higher ratings of attractiveness to the men. That suggested this constituent of sweat does seem to have some kind of impact on attraction,” she told the festival.

“Some people don’t seem to be able to smell it all, some people say it smells OK or a bit sweaty, whereas others say it smells really awful, like babies’ nappies,” Saxton said.

According to the expert, one hypothesis is that it could be a “pheromone”, or chemical messenger that acts between individuals in much the same way that hormones act as messengers within the body.

“It’s something that people investigate on the topic of pheromones. When you talk of animal pheromones, they are involved in very specific reactions,” Saxton said.

“People do value somebody’s natural skin smell and it’s worth bearing in mind that this may be part of your appeal – how you smell naturally,” she told the festival. (ANI)

Sleep can reduce mistakes in memory

Washington, Sept 11 (ANI): Here’s a pointer for students flubbing multiple-choice tests: Sleep can reduce mistakes in memory, says a new study.

The first-of-its-kind study led by a cognitive neuroscientist at Michigan State University, appears in the September issue of the journal Learning and Memory.

Kimberly Fenn, principal investigator and MSU assistant professor of psychology, said: “It’s easy to muddle things in your mind.”

“This research suggests that after sleep you’re better able to tease apart the incorrect aspect of that memory,” the expert added.

To reach the conclusion, Fenn and colleagues from the University of Chicago and Washington University in St. Louis studied the presence of false memory in groups of college students. While previous research has shown that sleep improves memory, this study is the first to address errors in memory, she said.

Study participants were exposed to lists of words and then, 12 hours later, exposed to individual words and asked to identify which words they had seen or heard in the earlier session. One group of students was trained in the morning (10 a.m.) and tested after the course of a normal sleepless day (10 p.m.), while another group was trained at night and tested 12 hours later in the morning, after at least six hours of sleep.

Three experiments were conducted, using different stimuli. In each, the students who had slept had fewer problems with false memory – choosing fewer incorrect words. (ANI)

Gecko’s tail has a mind of its own

Washington, September 9 (ANI): A new study has found that the gecko tail literally has a mind of its own, as it exhibits not only rhythmic but also complex movements, including flips, jumps and lunges, after it is shed.

Anthony Russell of the University of Calgary (U of C) and Tim Higham of Clemson University in South Carolina carried out the study.

Geckos and other lizards have long been known for their incredible ability to shed their tails as a decoy for predators, but little is known about the movements and what controls the tail once it separates from the lizard’s body.

Although one previous study has looked at movement of the tail after it is severed, no study up to this point has quantified movement patterns of the tail by examining the relationship between such patterns and muscular activity.

“What we’ve discovered is that the tail does not simply oscillate in a repetitive fashion, but has an intricate repertoire of varied and highly complex movements, including acrobatic flips up to three centimetres in height,” said Russell, a biological sciences professor at the U of C.

“An intriguing, and as yet unanswered, question is what is the source of the stimulus is that initiates complex movements in the shed tails of leopard geckos,” said Higham.

“The most plausible explanation is that the tail relies on sensory feedback from the environment. Sensors on its surface may tell it to jump, pivot or travel in a certain direction,” he added.

The ability of an animal, or part of an animal, to move without the active control of higher centres in the brain is well known, but this generally occurs as a result of traumatic physical injury.

Tails of lizards are shed under the animal’s own control.

Because of this, the behaviour of the shed part has adaptive evolutionary importance and its actions are programmed to assist in the owner’s survival.

The movements are coordinated by the part of the spinal cord that is housed in the tail.

The isolated tail serves as a vehicle for studying the ways that nerves and muscles act together to generate controlled but complex outputs in the absence of the influence of the brain.

The new study shows that the signals responsible for movements of the shed tail begin at the very far end of the tail, indicating that there is a control centre located there that is likely overridden by higher centres until the tail is shed, at which point its potential is realized. (ANI)

Aniston thinks “laziness” makes relationship fail

Washington, September 8 (ANI): Jennifer Aniston believes “laziness” causes relationships to fail.

The actress, who split from former husband Brad Pitt, actor Vince Vaughn, model Paul Sculfor and singer John Mayer, shared her relationship wisdom with Australia’s Harper’s Bazaar magazine.

“Why does the romance leave relationships? I think it’s laziness. I really do,” Contactmusic quoted her as saying.

“I think a good relationship is about collaboration. That’s the way to go in a relationship,” she added.

The “Friends” star further revealed what she thought made romances work, saying: “I think you just need to talk to each other. Say what you need. Say what you want. That way it’s not threatening.

“You just need to say, ‘This is important to me.’ Don’t expect your mate to read your mind.” (ANI)

Uttarakhand women earn a living out of forest produce

Chamoli (Uttrakhand), Sep 8 (ANI): Women of Chamoli district in Uttarakhand are rolling out herbal incense sticks and coal under the guidance of the district’s forest department.

They have formed various self-help groups to reap profits out of herbal environment friendly incense sticks and coal from leaves.

Aranyam, an eco and herbal centre in the district has appointed a few self-help groups to roll out these items.

The incense sticks are being prepared from lemongrass whereas the fallen leaves of Cheer Trees, which spreads fire in the forest are being utilised to making coal. Such attempt also helps in avoiding such fire related incidents in the forest area.

” Till this date, people were dependent only on agriculture but to improve our economic and living conditions, we have started such self help programs. Here we make coal and incense sticks,” said Bina Rawat, woman belonging to a self-help group.

On a regular basis, these women prepare around 1000 packets of incense sticks. They claim to generate enough income.

“We have been benefited a lot as we earn enough money after selling the incense sticks and the coal,” said Sunita Devi, another women.

Every woman earns almost 70 to100 rupees in a day.

The forest department official of the district said that such centre has been established to provide employment opportunities to people by utilising the forest produces.

“This centre has been established while keeping in mind to provide employment opportunities to people through the forest produce,” said Sanatan, District Forest Officer, Alaknanda forest department, Chamoli.

In a way, these herbal items benefit both the ecology and the people but it still awaits recognition by the government. (ANI)

Hamilton says he can still take the F-I title

London, Sep.4 (ANI): Lewis Hamilton says he has not given up hope of retaining his F1 title – even if people think he is crazy.

The reigning champ is a massive 45 points behind fellow Brit and championship leader Jenson Button, with just 50 to play for.

“I know it sounds crazy but I’m not going to put the title out of my mind until it’s mathematically impossible. I’ll still be going for it, trying to get every single point I can. We can keep attacking and the last five races should be good for us,” The Sun quoted 24-year-old Hamilton, as saying.

Meanwhile, Giancarlo Fisichella has been released by Force India to join Ferrari for the remaining races – and is set for the reserve driver role next year.

The Italian, 36, who scored Force India’s first points by finishing second at the Belgian GP last Sunday, replaces countryman Luca Badoer.

Ferrari moved for Fisichella after it was confirmed Felipe Massa would not be back until next season following his horror crash in Hungary. (ANI)

Soon, a portable optical atomic clock

Berlin, September 4 (ANI): In a new research work, a team of scientists has shown how optical atomic clocks in the future might become more compact and even portable, maybe even travel to space.

The research was done by scientists from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig, Germany.

Optical clocks like the strontium clock in the PTB could be the atomic clocks of the future; some of them though are already ten times more precise and stable than the best primary caesium atomic clocks.

Nowm they might also become more compact and even portable, maybe in the future even travel to space.

PTB scientists have shown how some fundamental difficulties, which a more simple set-up had previously hindered, could be avoided.

They already have a practical application in mind: the clock could help to determine geographical heights even more exactly than before.

An optical clock is so exact because its “pendulum” swings so quickly.

The “pendulum” of a caesium atomic clock swings even more quickly: that is, that microwave radiation which can bring about a spin change in each electron of a caesium atom.

Precisely the microwave frequency at which this effect is largest defines the second. An optical atomic clock works with the still higher frequency of optical radiation – that is with an even faster pendulum.

As the movement of the atoms leads to very large frequency shifts through the Doppler effect, in the best of these clocks, the atoms are slowed down to a hundredth of the speed of a pedestrian in a first preparation step with the aid of laser cooling.

As the movement of the atoms leads to very large frequency shifts through the Doppler effect, in the best of these clocks the atoms are slowed down to a hundredth of the speed of a pedestrian in a first preparation step with the aid of laser cooling.

In a lattice clock, a further step then follows in which the atoms are held in potential wells.

These are created through the intensive light field of a laser. Several tens of thousands of strontium atoms are trapped in this so-called optical lattice.

The results of the investigation have shown how the optical lattice has to be dimensioned and how many atoms may be stored in it to operate a very accurate lattice clock also with strontium-88.

A clock is now being built on this basis that is more compact and more transportable than the previous lattice clocks. (ANI)