Mystery of odd rotating stars solved by scientists

Washington, September 18 (ANI): A team of scientists has solved a longstanding mystery about a pair of stars called DI Herculis whose peculiar rotation had remained a mystery for three decades.

The shift in the orbit of DI Herculis was a mystery till now.

Now, MIT (Massachusetts Institute Of Technology) researchers and colleagues have determined that the stars are rotating tipped over on their sides, relative to their orbits around each other.

This produces tidal effects that counteract the expected rate for the orbits to shift orientation over time (called precession), finally explaining the mysterious anomaly.

The discrepancy in the rate of precession had been seen as a possible refutation of Einstein’s theory of relativity, so finding a conventional explanation means that relativity has withstood another possible challenge.

This discovery could also help to shed light on how binary stars (about half of all known stars) are formed and how their rotation and orbits evolve over time.

The mystery was solved by postdoctoral researcher Simon Albrecht and assistant professor of physics Joshua Winn and others, who used a high-resolution spectrograph called Sophie on a 1.93-meter telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France to make highly detailed observations that revealed the unexpected tilt – one of more than 70 degrees from vertical, the other more than 80 degrees – of the stars’ rotation axes.

The team now hopes to study other unusual binary stars to try to determine how unusual this tipped-over configuration is. (ANI)

Musharraf power theft scandal case: Low level workers punished

Islamabad, Sep 17 (ANI): The Islamabad Electric Supply Company (Iesco) has only punished 64 junior officers for their involvement in the power theft scandal involving former President Pervez Musharraf, Shaukat Aziz and others in the luxurious Chak Shahzad farmhouses.

The big guns in the electricity department have not even been touched, according to well-placed sources.

The list of punished employees includes 35-meter readers, 14 line superintendents and 15 sub-divisional officers, The News reports.

Sources said these personnel were those who had to implement the orders of the higher-ups and no high-ranking official has been touched in the order passed by Iesco on 10-9-2009.

The official spokesman for Iesco, Ameer Hussain Chaman, when asked about the punishment, said he was not aware of any such punishments.

“I have not been conveyed any such details, therefore, I cannot offer any comment over the issue,” he added.

Sources said Colonel Umer Hayat was conducting the inquiry and on 9-9-2009 his tenure was completed and on 10-09-2009 these personnel were punished.

They say that in this power-theft scandal the higher-ups passed all the orders and the junior officers had no option, but to obey the orders.

It is worth mentioning here that Musharraf had constructed a modern house on the farm obtained for breeding poultry and vegetables, but the ex-general has been enjoying the cheapest power tariff, D-2(1) connection, which is meant for agriculture tube wells and lift irrigation pumps. (ANI)

Fasting Muslims count on rosary meter

Varanasi, Sep 9 (ANI): Fasting during Ramadan, the devout Muslims have got Japanese digitised rosary meters to help them keep a count of Allah they chant during the fast in India’s northern Varanasi.

The gadget is the latest attraction among an assortment of things, which are being sold during the ongoing fasting month.

The hand-held tiny rosary meter is becoming popular among Muslims who pray and chant the name of Allah as it would help them remember the number they have counted.

“Earlier we used to use a rosary made of 100 plastic beads for chanting the name of Allah. If we would talk to someone while chanting, we would get confused and forget the last number we counted. But this rosary meter shows the last number we stopped at to talk to someone while chanting…So we would know which number to restart the chanting from,” said Mohammed Wasim, a shopkeeper.

Theses handy meters, available at Rs 250 each.

“This rosary meter is good. I had bought about three of them. When people saw these rosary meters they asked me to buy for them as well. So I have come here to buy these high-tech rosaries for them,” said Mohammed Israel, another shopkeeper.

The rosary machine is very light and comes with a digital meter. The faithful can chant the name of Allah 10,000,00 times without making an error in the number of counting. They can stop in between to do other chores and then pick up from the number they had left at. (ANI)

Beefed-up diets of Asia’s middle class may lead to chronic food shortages

Washington, August 30 (ANI): Scientists have said that the beefed-up diets of Asia’s expanding middle class could lead to chronic food shortages for the water-stressed region.

According to a report in National Geographic News, the threat was highlighted in a study by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which estimate that Asian demand for food and livestock fodder will double in 40 years.
Asia’s growing economy and appetite for meat will require a radical overhaul of farmland irrigation to feed a population expected to swell to 1.4 billion by 2050, scientists warned at Stockholm’s World Water Week recently.
At current crop yields, East Asia would need 47 percent more irrigated farmland and to find 70 percent more water, the study found.
South Asia would have to expand its irrigated crop areas by 30 percent and increase water use by 57 percent.
Given existing agriculture pressure on water resources and territory, that’s an impossible scenario, according to the study authors.

Scientists urge modernization of existing large-scale irrigation systems, most of which were installed in the 1970s and 1980s.
It’s estimated that India, the world’s largest consumer of underground water, has 19 million unregulated groundwater pumps.
Groundwater in northern India is receding by as much as a foot (0.3 meter) a year due to rampant water extraction, most of it for crop irrigation, according to a study.
More than 109 cubic kilometres of groundwater were drained from the region between 2002 and 2008, according to the satellite image-based study led by scientists with NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
“Governments’ inability to regulate this practice is giving rise to scary scenarios of groundwater over-exploitation, which could lead to regional food crises and widespread social unrest,” said Tushaar Shah of IWMI.

As for China, the country’s per capita “water footprint” for food production has almost doubled since 1985, according to Junguo Liu of the Beijing Forestry University.
“A switch from traditional rice and noodles to a meatier diet is behind the change,” Liu said. “Changes in food consumption are the major cause of worsening water scarcity in China,” he added.
Total water requirements for food production in China are predicted to rise by 40 to 50 percent in the next 30 years, he further added.
“Where do you get such a big amount of water? It is a really big question and a big challenge,” he said.
“If other developing countries follow China toward a Western diet, the global water shortage becomes even more serious,” he added. (ANI)

Image of different regions of Trifid Nebula captured by European Southern Observatory

Munich, August 27 (ANI): A new image by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) has captured the different regions of the Trifid Nebula, which is a rare combination of three nebula types, as seen in visible light.

This massive star factory is so named for the dark dust bands that trisect its glowing heart, revealing the fury of freshly formed stars and presaging more star birth.

Smoldering several thousand light-years away in the constellation of Sagittarius (the Archer), the Trifid Nebula presents a compelling portrait of the early stages of a star’s life, from gestation to first light.

The heat and “winds” of newly ignited, volatile stars stir the Trifid’s gas and dust-filled cauldron.

In time, the dark tendrils of matter strewn throughout the area will themselves collapse and form new stars.

The French astronomer Charles Messier first observed the Trifid Nebula in June 1764, recording the hazy, glowing object as entry number 20 in his renowned catalogue.

Observations made about 60 years later by John Herschel of the dust lanes that appear to divide the cosmic cloud into three lobes inspired the English astronomer to coin the name “Trifid”.

Made with the Wide-Field Imager camera attached to the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, the new image prominently displays the different regions of the Trifid Nebula as seen in visible light.

In the bluish patch to the upper left of the image, called a reflection nebula, gas scatters the light from nearby, Trifid-born stars.

The largest of these stars shines most brightly in the hot, blue portion of the visible spectrum.

This, along with the fact that dust grains and molecules scatter blue light more efficiently than red light, imbues this portion of the Trifid Nebula with an azure hue.

Below, in the round, pink-reddish area typical of an emission nebula, the gas at the Trifid’s core is heated by hundreds of scorching young stars until it emits the red signature light of hydrogen, the major component of the gas, just as hot neon gas glows red-orange in illuminated signs all over the world.

The gases and dust that crisscross the Trifid Nebula make up the third kind of nebula in this cosmic cloud, known as dark nebulae, courtesy of their light-obscuring effects.

Within these dark lanes, the remnants of previous star birth episodes continue to coalesce under gravity’s inexorable attraction.

The rising density, pressure and temperature inside these gaseous blobs will eventually trigger nuclear fusion, and yet more stars will form. (ANI)

Dead Sea shrinking by 1 meter every year

Washington, August 27 (ANI): Reports indicate that the Dead Sea is still shrinking fast, with water levels continuing to drop at the rate of about 1 meter per year.

Praised far and wide for the reputed healing powers of its minerals and waters, the Dead Sea has been luring visitors for thousands of years.

But these days, tourists see a very different lake from the one that others would have witnessed a few decades ago.

According to a report in National Geographic News, the sea sits in the lowest place on earth, and for years, the water level was 1280 feet below sea level. However, in the last 40 years, it’s dropped more than 80 feet.

Today, the Dead Sea continues to drop at the rate of about 1 meter per year.

This dramatic shortage is particularly evident at Israel’s Ein Gedi Spa, on the southern shores of the Dead Sea.

“The beach was here, and now (it’s) far away. You can see it’s more than one kilometre from here. In 30 years, the beach (will have) disappeared,” said Alon Shachal, Ein Gedi Spa Manager.

The need to change the status quo and find a solution to the Dead Sea’s alarming shrinking has been a concern for years for ‘Friends of the Earth Middle East’, a non-governmental organization that brings together Palestinian, Israeli and Jordanian environmentalists.

“After the ’60′s, we started to see a dramatic decrease in the surface area of the Dead Sea. And according to the different studies, in 50 years from now, at the same rate, which is 1 meter per year of drop in the surface level of the Dead Sea, means that this sea will not be the same. It will be more of a very small lake; not the same area that we have today,” said Iyad Aburdeieneh, Project Coordinator, Friends of the Earth Middle East Bethlehem.

According to Gidon Bromberg, from Friends of the Earth Middle East Tel Aviv, “The Dead Sea has had its taps closed from both ends. From the North, in fact here in front of us is where the Jordan River should be flowing to the Dead Sea, but the Jordan River basically doesn’t flow anymore.”

“Ninety-five per cent of its waters have been diverted by Israel, by Syria, by Jordan, so that what’s left in the Jordan River – a river holy to half of humanity – is little more than agriculture runoff, fish farm waste and, mostly, untreated sewage waters,” he said. (ANI)

Indian origin scientist’s supercomputer can perform 28.16 trillion calculations per second

Washington, August 22 (ANI): A scientist of Indian origin has created a new supercomputer, called Cystorm, which can carry out 28.16 trillion calculations per second.

Cystorm, a Sun Microsystems machine, was developed by Srinivas Aluru from the Iowa State University.

The 3,200 computer processor cores that power Cystorm makes it perform 28.16 trillion calculations per second, which is five times the peak of CyBlue, an IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer that’s been on campus since early 2006 and uses 2,048 processors to do 5.7 trillion calculations per second.

According to Aluru, the Ross Martin Mehl and Marylyne Munas Mehl Professor of Computer Engineering and the leader of the Cystorm project, the new machine also scores high on a more realistic test of a supercomputer’s actual performance: 15.44 trillion calculations per second compared to CyBlue’s 4.7 trillion per second.

That measure makes Cystorm 3.3 times more powerful than CyBlue.

“Cystorm is going to be very good for data-intensive research projects,” Aluru said. “The capabilities of Cystorm will help Iowa State researchers do new, pioneering research in their fields,” he added.

The supercomputer is targeted for work in materials science, power systems and systems biology.

Aluru said that materials scientists will use the supercomputer to analyze data from the university’s Local Electrode Atom Probe microscope, an instrument that can gather data and produce images at the atomic scale of billionths of a meter.

Systems biologists will use the supercomputer to build gene networks that will help researchers understand how thousands of genes interact with each other.

Power systems researchers will use the supercomputer to study the security, reliability and efficiency of the energy infrastructure of the US.

Computer engineers will use the supercomputer to build a software infrastructure that helps users make decisions by identifying relevant information sources.

“These research efforts will lead to significant advances in the penetration of high performance computing technology,” said a summary of the Cystorm project. (ANI)

Now, Bolt wants to be knighted by the Queen

Berlin (Germany), Aug.21 (ANI): Jamiacan sprinter and world record holder in the 100 meters and 200 meters dash, Usain Bolt, has set himself a new goal of being knighted by the Queen.

Bolt’s new goal was announced hours after he lopped off 0.11 seconds off his previous 200 meter mark to win in 19.19sec. Earlier, he had set a new 100 meter record of 9.58 seconds. Bolt said he like to also set a world record in the 4x100m relay.

“It would be a great thing for Queen Elizabeth to knight me and for me to get the title Sir Usain Bolt,” said the Jamaican, who is 23 today.

Bolt’s 19.19secs gave him gold by almost 10 metres – despite the first five men all going under 20 seconds.

“I can definitely say I didn’t expect it,” he said. “I was tired but thought, ‘What the heck, let’s try’.

In the space of a year and four days Bolt has won five major championship gold medals – all of them in world-record times. (ANI)

Giant robotic cages may one day roam the seas as future fish farms

Washington, August 19 (ANI): If scientists have their way, giant robotic cages may one day roam the seas as future fish farms, which could help produce greener, healthier, and more numerous fish.

According to a report in National Geographic News, scientists propose that in the future, giant, autonomous fish farms may whir through the open ocean, mimicking the movements of wild schools or even allowing fish to forage “free range” before capturing them once again.

Such motorized cages could help produce greener, healthier, and more numerous fish, just when humans need them the most.

The world’s growing population is devouring seafood as quickly as it can be caught and has seriously depleted the world’s wild fish stocks, warn experts.

Traditional fish farms typically consist of cages submerged in shallow, calm waters near shore, where they are protected from the weather and easily accessible for feeding and maintenance.

But, raising fish in such close quarters can contribute to the spread of disease among the animals, and wastes may foul the waters.

Cages must be moved to keep the waters clean and the fish healthy.

Deepwater cages offer cleaner, more freely circulating ocean water and natural food, which can yield tastier fish.

But, the deep-sea cages must be built to withstand the rigors of the deep ocean. And because they are harder for humans to access, “smarter,” self-sufficient cages could be key.

That’s one reason that Cliff Goudey, director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Offshore Aquaculture Engineering Center, is building cages that can move under their own power.

Goudey has equipped an Aquapod cage, produced by Maine-based Ocean Farm Technologies, with a pair of 2.4-meter (8-foot) diameter propellers, which can be steered easily by controllers on a boat to which the cage is tethered.

Aquapods are composed of triangular panels covered with vinyl-coated, galvanized steel netting and come in sizes from 8 to 28 meters in diameter (26 to 92 feet in diameter).

Goudey’s technology gives fish farmers a way to rotate cage locations without towing cages behind boats.

Someday such automated cages could herald an entirely new form of fish farming.

They might be turned loose to mimic natural systems by following carefully chosen ocean currents.

The robotic fish farms could help lead to larger, healthier crops of farmed fish far from crowded coastal areas, where farmed fish both suffer from poor water quality and, by producing waste, add to water woes.

Cages might even generate their own electricity by harnessing solar energy, wave energy, or other forms of renewable power. (ANI)

Bolt would have been in danger of nabbing a speeding ticket!

Berlin (Germany), Aug.18 (ANI): Jamaican Usain Bolt, who broke the world 100 meter record on Monday, is said to have run so fast that he was in danger of getting a speeding ticket.

Bolt set the world record at 9.58 seconds, a huge reduction from the old record of 9.69 he ran a year previously at the Beijing Olympics.

According to the Daily Express, no one has ever carved such a big chunk off the world’s fastest time since electronic timing was introduced.

Maurice Greene taking Donovan Bailey’s record from 9.84 to 9.79 10 years ago was thought a huge achievement – but it did not compare with this.

At his fastest Bolt clocked 30 mph.

Bolt begins again this morning in the 200m. He will be cool until the final,then let those long legs go in another explosion of pace.

His world record at the Olympics was 19.30.

Bolt wants to finish his career as a legend.

“The first few chapters are going well. It’s getting there but two seasons can’t do it,” he said.

“I have to keep doing it year after year. I could go 9.4, but I think the world stops at 9.4. For me, 9.5 is definitely a big thing. I’m proud of myself because I’m the first man to have done that,” he added. (ANI)

World’s largest and most technologically advanced telescope to debut on July 24

Washington, July 14 (ANI): The world’s largest, most technologically advanced telescope is all set to make its formal debut on July 24 in Spain’s Canary Islands.

Known as the Gran Telescopio Canarias, the telescope has a 10.4-meter diameter mirror, and has more light-collecting area than any other telescope.

Perched 7,874 feet above sea level on a mountain on the island of La Palma, the GTC has 6 square meters more light collecting area than any of the roughly one dozen 8- to 10-meter telescopes worldwide.

With a mirror composed of 36 hexagonal segments thought to have the smoothest surfaces ever made, it is also the world’s most technologically advanced optical telescope.

Sensors keep the mirrors aligned to counteract the force of gravity, with the result that they act as a single surface, even as the telescope is rotated and aligned in place.

According to Stan Dermott, chairman of UF’s (University of Florida’s) astronomy department, the GTC’s size and technical attributes enable it not only to gather more light than any other telescope, but also resolve the light into sharper and clearer focus.

“For astronomers, those capabilities make it a powerful tool to study cosmic origins – the early days of the universe and the very early moments in the mysterious births of stars, planets and galaxies,” he said.

“The interpretation of the structure of the disks where new planets form is highly dependent on the quality of the image,” he said, adding that the GTC also will enable the discoveries of new planets, possibly including the first habitable planet.

At the inauguration of the telescope, officials and astronomers from the University of Florida, the only US institution that is part of the project, will join more than 500 astronomers, journalists and celebrities in a ceremony presided over by Spain’s King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia. (ANI)

Taliban attack makes Attock’s carpet industry bleed

Attock, July 7 (ANI): Apart from being responsible for the current dismal security situation of Pakistan, the Taliban has also forced Attock’s famous handmade carpet industry to the brink of collapse.

The carpet industry is suffering from lack of foreign buyers and tourists, leading to a 50 per cent decline in the sales.

The Attock carpets which once sold for around 120 to 150 dollars per square meter, are now unlikely to fetch half that amount.

“At the current price I cannot meet my labour and raw material (wool thread) expenses besides charges for dying and washing the carpets,” said Akhtar Afghani, a carpet trader.

“Over 10000 square meter carpet had been lying in store due to non-availability of buyer, where as middle men not offered actual price of it and want to purchase it less the manufacturing cost,” he added.

Afghani said many of his fellow manufactures have left their inherited carpet manufacturing businesses and moved to other sectors, such as selling dry fruit, shoes, clothes and Chinese made toys and electronic items.

Attock became a hub of carpets industry after thousands of Afghan refugees fled the Russian occupation of Afghanistan to settle there during 1980s.

Earlier, only Afghans living in Attock used to make carpets, but eventually the native locals also entered the business.

Thereafter, big manufacturers based in Lahore and Karachi set up large-scale plants in the region in hope of cashing-in on the skilled labour force here.

The exponential boom of the industry, however, has been hit by the recent security problems.

When Taliban militants started targeting carpet manufacturers, the visitors stopped coming here. Various plants had to be shut down.

The final nail in the coffin came when Taliban started expressly targeting foreigners, and claimed Malakand division. (ANI)

Sonia Gandhi inaugurates Bandra Worli sea link in Mumbai

Mumbai, June 30 (ANI): Congress president Sonia Gandhi inaugurated the much-awaited Bandra Worli sea link on Tuesday.

The 5.6 kilometers long cable-stayed bridge has been designed to allow for speedy road travel between Bandra and Worli in and traffic-clogged city of Mumbai.

The eight-lane bridge will reduce the travel time between the two points from 60-90 minutes to 6-8 minutes.

It costs Rs. 50 to take a trip on the link, and will cost Rs. 75 for a round trip- it would be nothing compared to the Rs 100 crore per year that the link will save in the vehicle operating cost alone.

The project, which was conceived in the 1990s was plagued by a series of Public Interest Litigations (PILs) from fishermen and environmentalists, the work was finally started in October 2004.

The agitations forced The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) to make around 80 per cent changes in the design of the bridge, which increased the cost of the project from Rs 1,306 to Rs 1,650 crore.

The link is equipped with state-of-the-art systems for traffic monitoring, emergency support and an automated toll system.

Two cable stayed bridges, a 600-meter long at Bandra channel and the other twin-tower supported 350 meter long at the Worli channel. It rests on two towers, each 126 metres tall or equivalent to a 43-storeyed building.

People said that the new bridge would save a lot of commuting time.

“The construction of the sea link would save people’s time,” said Leen Montri, another resident. (ANI)

How ferocious piranhas got their fearful bite

Washington, June 26 (ANI): Researchers from Argentina, the US and Venezuela have uncovered the jawbone of a striking transitional fossil that sheds light on how the ferocious piranhas got their teeth.

Named ‘Megapiranha paranensis’, this previously unknown fossil fish bridges the evolutionary gap between flesh-eating piranhas and their plant-eating cousins.

Present-day piranhas have a single row of triangular teeth, like the blade on a saw, explained the researchers.

But, their closest relatives – a group of fishes commonly known as pacus – have two rows of square teeth, presumably for crushing fruits and seeds.

“In modern piranhas, the teeth are arranged in a single file,” said Wasila Dahdul, a visiting scientist at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in North Carolina.
But, in the relatives of piranhas, which tend to be herbivorous fishes, the teeth are in two rows,” said Dahdul.

Megapiranha shows an intermediate pattern: it’s teeth are arranged in a zig-zag row, which suggests that the two rows in pacus were compressed to form a single row in piranhas.

“It almost looks like the teeth are migrating from the second row into the first row,” said John Lundberg, curator at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and a co-author of the study.

If this is so, Megapiranha may be an intermediate step in the long process that produced the piranha’s distinctive bite.

To find out where Megapiranha falls in the evolutionary tree for these fishes, Dahdul examined hundreds of specimens of modern piranhas and their relatives.

“What’s cool about this group of fish is their teeth have really distinctive features. A single tooth can tell you a lot about what species it is and what other fishes they’re related to,” said Dahdul.

Her phylogenetic analysis confirms their hunch that Megapiranha seems to fit between piranhas and pacus in the fish family tree.

Cione’s find suggests that Megapiranha lived between 8-10 million years ago in a South American river system known as the Parana.

By comparing the teeth and jaw to the same bones in present-day species, the researchers estimate that Megapiranha was up to 1 meter (3 feet) in length, which is at least four times as long as modern piranhas.

“Although no one is sure what Megapiranha ate, it probably had a diverse diet,” said Cione. (ANI)

New instrument may detect groundwater deep inside Mars

Washington, June 25 (ANI): A team of Boulder (US) scientists and engineers has tested a new instrument prototype that might be used to detect groundwater deep inside Mars.

Known as the Mars Time Domain Electromagnetic Sounder (MTDEM), the instrument uses induction to generate electrical currents in the ground, whose secondary magnetic fields are in turn detected at the planetary surface.

In this way, the electrical conductivity of the subsurface can be reconstructed.

“Groundwater that has been out of atmospheric circulation for eons will be very salty,” said the project’s principal investigator Dr. Robert Grimm, a director in the Space Science and Engineering Division at Southwest Research Institute. “It is a near-ideal exploration target for inductive systems,” he added.

The inductive principle of the MTDEM is distinct from the wavelike, surface-penetrating radars MARSIS and SHARAD presently orbiting Mars.

“The radars have been very useful in imaging through ice and through very dry, low-density rock, but they have not lived up to expectations to look through solid rock and find water,” said Grimm.

The time-domain inductive method uses a large, flat-lying loop of wire on the ground to generate and receive electromagnetic signals.

In order to do this robotically, the team developed a launch system that shoots two projectiles, each paying out spooled wire as they fly.

Data taken during the test launches allowed Warden and Grimm to scale the system for a flight mission. The MTDEM prototype deployed to a distance of more than 70 meters.

For Mars, a system deploying a 200-meter loop would be less than 6 kilograms mass and could detect groundwater at depths up to 5 kilometers (3 miles). Most of the instrument’s mass would be in the loop and deployment system.

According to Barry Berdanier, the Ball electrical engineer who built the MTDEM electronics, the flight electronics would comprise just a few hundred grams.

“Electromagnetic induction methods are widely used in groundwater exploration,” said James Pfieffer of Zapata Incorporated, a geophysical firm that provided field support.

“Subsurface, liquid water on Mars could be a habitable zone for microbes. We know that huge volumes of discharged groundwater have shaped Mars’ ancient surface,” said Grimm. (ANI)

Cell phone viruses poised to reach epidemic proportions

Washington, May 22 (ANI): Unlike computer viral epidemics, no major outbreaks of mobile phone viral infection have been reported to date. Ever wondered why?

Well, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, director of the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University, says that it is because a highly fragmented market share has effectively hindered outbreaks thus far.

He warns that cell phone viruses will pose a serious threat once a single mobile operating system’s market share grows sufficiently large, and that that may not be far off considering the 150 percent annual growth rate of smart phones.

“We haven’t had a problem so far because only phones with operating systems, so-called ‘smart phones’, are susceptible to viral infection,” said Marta Gonzalez, one of the authors of a study report published in the journal Science.

“Once a single operating system becomes common, we could potentially see outbreaks of epidemic proportion because a mobile phone virus can spread by two mechanisms: a Bluetooth virus can infect all Bluetooth-activated phones in a 10-30 meter radius, while Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) virus, like many computer viruses, spreads using the address book of the device. Not surprisingly, hybrid viruses, which can infect via both routes, pose the most significant danger,” Gonzalez added.

The experts reckon that Bluetooth viruses eventually start infecting all susceptible handsets.

Given that human behavioural patterns have been restricting the spread of such infections thus far, the experts believe that there should be sufficient time to deploy countermeasures like antiviral software to prevent major Bluetooth outbreaks.

Although human behavioural patterns do not restrict the spread of MMS viruses, they are still constrained because the number of susceptible devices is currently much smaller.

The experts say that the unprecedented challenges will surface once people become increasingly connected.

They think that studies categorized as computational social science are necessary to understand group behaviour and organization, assess potential threats, and develop solutions to the issues faced by our ever-changing society. (ANI)

Mushroom prices all set to rise in Himachal due to bad crop

Kullu (Himachal Pradesh), May 21 (ANI): Shortfall in mushroom production in Kullu valley due to unfavourable weather conditions leads to an increase in the prices of the crop up to 15,000 rupees per kilogram, bringing cheer to the mushroom growers.

Morel mushrooms, the honeycomb capped mushrooms, known as ‘Guchhi’ in the local language has become centre of attraction in the Banjar fair.

The fair is dedicated to Shringa Rishi, the chief deity of Banjar.

Several other deities as well participate in this four-day long fair.

Normally, farmers bring their yield to Banjar fair and get rupees 6000-8000 per kilogram.rishan Lal, a resident said that whole families are dependent on these mushrooms for their livelihood.

“The main attraction in this Banjar fair are the wild mushrooms. We sell mushrooms what’s known as ‘Dunglu’ in the local language. This fair is very important for us, as the kids and elder’s earn a living from it by selling these wild mushrooms,” said Lal.

This year, the trend is different. Due to lack of rains and snowfall in winter, there is less production. Mushrooms, which used to cost rupees 11000 per kilogram till last year, are now costing as high as 15000 per kilogram.

Tek Singh, a trader said the prices of mushrooms are expected to touch rupees 15,000 per kilogram this year.

“This year, due to lack of rains, we had very bad crop of mushrooms. We are expecting the rates of rupees 15,000 per kilogram,” said Singh.

Morel mushrooms and the honeycomb-capped mushrooms are commonly found under deciduous trees rather than conifers. They are not yet farmed successfully on large scale.

The commercial morels industry is largely based on harvest of wild mushrooms at elevations of 2000 meter in most of the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. By Prem Thakur (ANI)

Phelps makes splashing comeback after suspension

Washington, May 16 (ANI): Olympic golden boy Michael Phelps has returned with a bang after three-month suspension following the pot scandal.

The 23-year-old swimmer easily qualified for the finals of two events at the Charlotte Ultraswim with a record time.

Phelps was second in the last heat of the 200-meter freestyle at 1 minute, 50.46 seconds, and came back to win the final heat of the 100 butterfly in 53.41 seconds.

In both events, he had the third-fastest time overall.

Phelps says that he is eager to start working toward some new goals.

“It’s kind of like Tiger (Woods) working on his putting game or his pitching game,” CBS News quoted Phelps as saying,

“It’s sort of completing the whole package,” he added. (ANI)

Bolt says he can beat his own world 100 meter record

Jamaica (West Indies), May 16 (ANI): The world’s fastest man, Jamaican Usain Bolt, has told Sky News that he can beat his own world 100m record.he 22-year-old Jamaican – who has been recovering after a car crash, said: “I think I can go 9.50-something. My coach said that in Beijing I probably would have gone 9.54.”

“My coach has never been wrong about a time yet so I think, with me getting back on form, anything is possible.” I smiled when I heard he had a project (Project Bolt) named after me. I think everyone wants to be the best. It’s not a problem, doesn’t matter who,” Bolt added.

He said the ultimate aim this year is the track and field world championships in Berlin in August.

Bolt has been training with his footballing heroes at Manchester United as the club prepares for a potentially title-winning Premier League game against Arsenal.

He was hoping to pass on some sprinting tips to the likes of Cristiano Ronaldo and Wayne Rooney and said he may be able to learn something from Sir Alex Ferguson about preparation for big races. (ANI)

World’s largest space telescope aims to explore depths of the Universe

Berlin, May 12 (ANI): Herschel, the largest space telescope ever built, would explore the depths of the Universe, once it launches into orbit aboard the latest ESA (European Space Agency) mission on May 14th.

In 1.5 million kilometers distance from Earth, the space probe will orbit the Sun for 3 and a half years.

With its three instruments, it will especially detect and analyze infrared radiation, which contains information on a wide range of phenomena in the Universe, like the evolution of distant galaxies and the existence of water in our solar system.

The Universe reveals many of its secrets in the infrared.

Just like every object on Earth, the icy nebulae, galaxies and stars from the depths of the Universe emit infrared heat radiation.

The Earth’s atmosphere is impervious to these wavelengths.

The instruments aboard the Herschel space probe investigate space in the wavelength range between 55 and 672 micrometers.

No other infrared observatory so far has offered such a bandwidth in combination with the spatial resolution of a 3.5-meter telescope.

For the first time, the scientists are able to resolve the cosmic infrared background into its individual sources and thus to determine the development of the Universe.

The evolution of stars and galaxies, the formation of planetary systems, the history of our own solar system and the chemical composition of molecular clouds, stars and galaxies are the most important topics on which Herschel will provide information.

“With the start of this space telescope a dream comes true for which we have worked hard for more than ten years”, said Eckhard Sturm from Max Planck Institute (MPE).

“With Herschel, we will resolve the cosmic infrared background into individual galaxies and so be able to study the most active stage of star formation in the history of the Universe,” said Dieter Lutz, Sturm’s colleague.

Herschel also opens up new opportunities for our understanding of the trans-Neptunian region – remains of the disc from which our planets formed. (ANI)