ARIAD Presents Updated Clinical Data on Its Investigational Pan-BCR-ABL Inhibitor, AP24534, in Drug-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

~ Additional data on safety and clinical activity against broad spectrumof
BCR-ABL mutations

~ Evidence of major molecular responses and durability of response
CHICAGO–(Business Wire)–
ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: ARIA) today announced updated clinical data
from an ongoing Phase 1 study of its investigational pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor,
AP24534, in patients with resistant and refractory chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML). The data confirm strong clinical evidence of hematologic, cytogenetic and
molecular anti-leukemia activity of AP24534, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor,
in heavily pretreated patients with CML, including those with the T315I mutation
of the target protein, BCR-ABL. The data are being presented this afternoon at
the 46th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
being held in Chicago, IL.

Data on fifty-seven patients in seven dosing cohorts (2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 45 and 60
mg administered orally once daily) are being reported at ASCO. Fifty-three of
the patients have resistant and refractory CML or Philadelphia-chromosome
positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Ninety-four percent of these
53 patients have been treated with, and were resistant to, at least two of the
available first-line and second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors for CML.
Sixty-six percent of the patients were pretreated with three or more prior
tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including imatinib (Gleevec®), dasatinib (Sprycel®),
and nilotinib (Tasigna®) and investigational agents.

“The updated findings from this study confirm in a larger number of patients,
that AP24534 continues to be well-tolerated and produce beneficial and durable
anti-leukemia activity in patients who have failed prior tyrosine kinase
inhibitor therapy for CML, including patients with the T315I mutation for which
there are no currently available treatments,” stated Moshe Talpaz, M.D.,
Associate Director of Translational Research and Associate Chief of Hematologic
Malignancies, Trotman Professor of Leukemia Research, University of Michigan
Medical Center, and study investigator. “We are highly encouraged by the
documentation of efficacy at the molecular level and the anti-leukemic activity
that looks to be durable. Pending completion of further clinical trials, AP24534
represents a potential significant advance for CML patients who have become
resistant to currently available therapies and who are in great need of new
treatment options.”

Updated results from the open-label, dose-escalating study presented at ASCO
include:

* AP24534 was well tolerated at therapeutic dose levels including the newly
evaluated 45 mg/day dose. This dose cohort was initiated in December 2009. With
the exception of the DLTs of elevated amylase and lipase and grade 2
pancreatitis observed at 60 mg, the safety profile is similar when doses equal
to or greater than 30 mg/day (the dose associated with sustained blood levels
above the target inhibitory concentration) are compared with all doses in the
trial.
* Of the 57 patients treated with AP24534, thirty-seven patients (65 percent)
currently remain on study. At doses equal to or greater than 30 mg/day, 25 of 33
patients (76 percent) continue to be treated with AP24534.
* With this update, molecular responses have begun to emerge. Of 32 resistant
chronic phase CML patients evaluated at least once since baseline, 8 achieved a
major molecular response (MMR), some of them after only 2 months of treatment
with AP24534. Four of these MMRs were seen in patients with the T315I mutation;
4 others were seen in patients with other mutations. These observations are
consistent with the pre-clinical profile of AP24534 as a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor.
* With longer follow-up now available, responses appear to be durable. Out of 12
major cytogenetic responses (MCyR) in patients with chronic phase CML, 11 remain
on therapy without progression after an average of almost a year on treatment
(327 days). Nine of the 12 patients had cytogenetic response confirmed with at
least a second assessment after three months. Only one patient experienced CML
progression after having achieved a MCyR and this was in a patient enrolled in
the sub-therapeutic 4 mg dose cohort.
* Of 26 chronic phase CML patients evaluable for cytogenetic response across all
dose levels, 46 percent (12 of 26) experienced a MCyR, with 31 percent (8 of 26)
a complete cytogenetic responses (CCyR). In patients treated at dose levels
equal to or greater than 30 mg/day, the MCyR rate in chronic phase patients is
58 percent (7 of 12). Three of twelve evaluable patients with accelerated phase,
blast phase or Ph+ ALL experienced a MCyR (including one CCyR).
* A complete hematologic response (CHR) was observed in 85 percent (22 of 26) of
chronic phase CML patients evaluable for hematologic response (16 patients
entered the study with a baseline CHR). A major hematologic response was
observed in five of twelve (42 percent) evaluable patients with accelerated
phase, blast phase or Ph+ ALL.
* Anti-leukemic activity was seen in patients with resistant BCR-ABL mutations.
Of the 21 CML patients with the T315I mutation in the study, 57 percent (12 of
21) have chronic phase disease. Nine of these patients are currently evaluable
for response: eight (89 percent) have achieved a CHR and six (67 percent) have
experienced a MCyR (including CCyR in 5 patients).

“These are remarkable results that now suggest that responses to AP24534 are
persistent and include molecular responses in heavily pretreated patients with
resistant leukemia,” said Frank G. Haluska, M.D., Ph.D., vice president,
clinical affairs at ARIAD. “With a larger number of patients and longer term
follow-up, the response rates continue to be highly encouraging, and the
clinical benefit from AP24534 appears to be durable. The data provide evidence
that AP24534 is well tolerated at therapeutic dose levels and constitute the
foundation for our pivotal trial to begin in the second half of this year.”

AP24534 Poster and Investigator Slides

The poster and investigator slides on the additional safety and clinical data of
AP24534 being presented at ASCO can be accessed by visiting the investor
relations section of ARIAD`s website at http://investor.ariad.com

About CML and Ph+ ALL

CML is characterized by an excessive and unregulated production of white blood
cells by the bone marrow due to a genetic abnormality that produces the BCR-ABL
protein. After a chronic phase of production of too many white blood cells, CML
typically evolves to more aggressive phases such as accelerated or blast crisis.
Ph+ ALL is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that carries the Ph+
chromosome that produces BCR-ABL. It has a more aggressive course than CML and
is often treated with a combination of chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase
inhibitors. Because both of these diseases express the BCR-ABL protein, this
would render them potentially susceptible to treatment with AP24534.

About ARIAD

ARIAD`s vision is to transform the lives of cancer patients with breakthrough
medicines. The Company`s mission is to discover, develop and commercialize
small-molecule drugs to treat cancer in patients with the greatest and most
urgent unmet medical need – aggressive cancers where current therapies are
inadequate. ARIAD`s lead product candidate, ridaforolimus, is an investigational
mTOR inhibitor being developed by Merck Sharpe & Dohme Corp. and is in Phase 3
clinical development in patients with advanced sarcomas. ARIAD`s second
internally discovered product candidate, AP24534, is an investigational
pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor completing Phase 1 clinical development in patients with
hematological cancers, notably chronic myeloid leukemia. For additional
information about the Company, please visit http://www.ariad.com.

This press release contains “forward-looking statements” including, but not
limited to, statements relating to the updated clinical data for AP24534,
continued enrollment in the Phase 1 clinical trial, the potential for data from
this trial forming the basis for a pivotal registration trial of AP24534 and the
timing of the start of such trial. Forward-looking statements are based on
management’s expectations and are subject to certain factors, risks and
uncertainties that may cause actual results, outcome of events, timing and
performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such
statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to,
preclinical data and early-stage clinical data that may not be replicated in
later-stage clinical studies, the costs associated with our research,
development, manufacturing and other activities, the conduct, timing and results
of pre-clinical and clinical studies of our product candidates, the adequacy of
our capital resources and the availability of additional funding, and other
factors detailed in the Company’s public filings with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission. The information contained in this press release is believed
to be current as of the date of original issue. The Company does not intend to
update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this document to
conform these statements to actual results or to changes in the Company’s
expectations, except as required by law.

Gleevec® and Tasigna® are registered trademarks of Novartis AG, and Sprycel® is
a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc.

ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Maria E. Cantor, 617-621-2208

Copyright Business Wire 2010

Hana Biosciences to Present at the Jefferies 2010 Global Life Sciences Conference

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., June 3, 2010 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Hana Biosciences,
Inc. (OTCBB:HNAB), a biopharmaceutical company focused on strengthening the
foundation of cancer care, today announced its participation in the Jefferies
2010 Global Life Sciences Conference to be held June 8 through June 11, 2010 in
New York City at the Grand Hyatt New York.

Steven R. Deitcher, M.D., President and Chief Executive Officer, is scheduled to
present an overview of the company and its pipeline programs at 1:30 pm Eastern
Time on Thursday, June 10, 2010.

A live audio web cast of the presentation will be available for 10 business days
on the company’s website at www.hanabiosciences.com.

About Hana Biosciences, Inc.

Hana Biosciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing
and commercializing new, differentiated cancer therapies designed to improve and
enable current standards of care. The company’s lead product candidate,
Marqibo(R), potentially treats acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas. The
Company has additional pipeline opportunities some of which, like Marqibo,
improve delivery and enhance the therapeutic benefits of well characterized,
proven chemotherapies and enable high potency dosing without increased toxicity.
Additional information on Hana Biosciences can be found at
www.hanabiosciences.com.

The Hana Biosciences, Inc. logo is available at

http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/prs/?pkgid=3290

CONTACT: Hana Biosciences, Inc.
Investor & Media Contacts:
Investor Relations Team
(650) 588-6641
investor.relations@hanabiosciences.com

Booze during pregnancy could lead to acute myeloid leukemia in kids

Washington, May 6 (ANI): Drinking alcohol during pregnancy could increase the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children, according to a recent paper.

The study has been published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Julie Ross, Ph.D., director of the division of pediatric epidemiology and clinical research at the University of Minnesota, said there are about 700 cases of AML in the United States in children each year.

“It”s quite rare, so we want to be careful about worrying parents too much,” said Ross, who was not involved in the study, but is an editorial board member of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Ross and the lead researcher of this study, Paule Latino-Martel, Ph.D., research director at the Research Center for Human Nutrition in France, agreed that these findings should strengthen the public health recommendation against alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

“Despite the current recommendation that pregnant women should not drink alcohol during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy is 12 percent in the United States, 30 percent in Sweden, 52 percent in France, 59 percent in Australia and 60 percent in Russia,” said Latino-Martel.

Latino-Martel and colleagues analyzed 21 case control studies. Alcohol intake during pregnancy, defined as a response to a yes or no question, was associated with a 56 percent increased risk of AML in children. The risk of AML was higher in children aged 0 to 4 years old at diagnosis. There was no significant association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ANI)

Potential new way to prevent relapse of leukaemia

Washington, March 26 (ANI): Researchers at Children”s Hospital Boston have found a possible new way to kill off chemo-resistant leukemia stem cells, and prevent them from initiating a relapse.

Their study shows that leukemia stem cells cannot thrive without a particular cell pathway, known as the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, suggesting that targeting this pathway may prevent acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients from having a relapse.

“The biggest potential for this study is in suppression of leukemia recurrence by a drug that inhibits beta-catenin,” says Scott Armstrong, of Children”s Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and senior author of the study.

The researchers zeroed in on beta-catenin as an important player in leukemia stem cells by working with two different types of early blood cells – blood stem cells, which generate all the different types of blood cells, and granulocyte/macrophage-restricted progenitors, more mature, differentiated cells that only generate certain white blood cells.

They did this by activating two genes previously found to induce AML, Hoxa9 and Meis1, then injecting the cells into mice.

Activation of the two genes induced AML in mice injected with the blood stem cells, but not in mice injected with the progenitors. Genetic analyses revealed the progenitors lacked an active beta-catenin pathway.

Though this pathway is still active in blood stem cells after a person is born, it plays a vital role only during fetal development, and is completely inactive in more differentiated progenitor cells.

This led the team to think beta-catenin was needed for leukemia stem cells to develop, thrive and induce leukemia.

To test this idea, the researchers introduced an active form of beta-catenin into the progenitor cells after activating Hoxa9 and Meis1. Once injected into mice, these progenitor cells later induced leukemia.

The researchers further confirmed the role of beta-catenin by treating mice they had injected with leukemia stem cells with the drug indomethacin, which blocks the beta-catenin pathway.

Tests showed the number of leukemia stem cells dwindled in the mice that received the drug. Indomethacin also reduced the number of stem cells in mice with fully developed leukemia.

Most young children with AML develop the disease as a result of what researchers call mixed lineage leukemia fusion proteins, which can activate the Hoxa9 and Meis1 genes.

To see if one of these proteins also affected the beta-catenin pathway, the team treated progenitor cells with the mixed lineage leukemia fusion protein MLL-AF9. MLL-AF9 activated Hoxa9 and Meis1, as well as the beta-catenin pathway, and the mice injected with these progenitor cells developed leukemia.

But when the mice were treated with an agent to deactivate the beta-catenin pathway in vivo, the leukemia stem cells could not thrive.

This research suggests that leukemia stem cells need the beta-catenin pathway to survive, and treatments that block this pathway may eradicate the leukemia stem cells and prevent AML patients from having a relapse.

The study has been published online March 26th in the journal Science. (ANI)

Nearby bone cells may trigger some blood cancers

Certain blood cancers may be triggered by signals sent from surrounding bone cells, not by individual cells going bad, and interrupting those signals may offer a new approach to treating leukemia, US researchers said.

“Cancer is generally thought to be a single cell going rogue. It does so by accumulating a series of genetic injuries,” said Dr. David Scadden of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, whose study appears in the journal Nature.

But Scadden and colleagues instead found that genetic changes in bone cells — where blood stem cells reside — can cause mice to develop myelodysplasia, a condition that can lead to an acute form of the blood cancer leukemia.

Studies in mice showed that when the team altered a gene in the bone cells called Dicer1, it had a damaging effect on blood stem cells as well.

“The blood started to take on a picture which resembled a very poorly understood human disease called myelodysplasia,” Scadden, who directs the Center for Regenerative Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, said in a telephone interview.

“It has a complication of developing leukemia,” he said, which is exactly what some of the animals in the study did.

“The reason that this is important is it says the environment can actually become such an important part of the function of the tissue — the blood in this case — that it can lead to the emergence of new genetic abnormalities that can become fatal for the whole organism,” Scadden said.

He said the findings offer a new understanding of the source of some cancers, which can come from outside of cells.

Scadden said interrupting the communication between surrounding cells and cancer cells could offer another approach to making cancer drugs.
Agencies

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US folk singer Mary Travers passes away at 72

London, Sept 17 (ANI): Mary Travers, a member of the hugely popular 1960s US folk group Peter, Paul and Mary, has died in the US. She was 72.

Heather Lylis, the band’s publicist, said Travers passed away yesterday at the Danbury Hospital in Connecticut. She had battled leukemia for several years, reports The Times.

Travers joined forces with Peter Yarrow and Noel Paul Stookey in the early 1960s. The trio formed the folk band Peter, Paul and Mary, mingling their music with liberal politics, both onstage and off.

Peter, Paul and Mary had hits including If I Had a Hammer, Lemon Tree and Puff, The Magic Dragon.

They won five Grammies and released a five-disc box set of their greatest hits, Carry It On.

They were strong supporters of the civil rights movement and opponents of the Vietnam War. (ANI)

Soon, simple jab to prevent prostate cancer

Washington, Sept 8 (ANI): A simple jab may soon help prevent prostate cancer, say researchers.

The research team from University of Utah and University of Columbia have identified a virus, known to trigger leukaemia, in malignant human prostate cancer cells.

The research team hopes that the virus, XMRV (Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus), would open opportunities for developing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies for treating the cancer.

“We found that XMRV was present in 27 percent of prostate cancers we examined and that it was associated with more aggressive tumours,” said Dr Ila R. Singh, associate professor of pathology at University of Utah and the study’s senior author.

“We still don’t know that this virus causes cancer in people, but that is an important question we’re going to investigate,” Singh added.

The study also makes it evident that XMRV is present in malignant cells, and that XMRV is a gammaretrovirus, a simple retrovirus first isolated from prostate cancers in 2006 by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and the Cleveland Clinic, known to cause cancer in animals.

During the study, the researchers examined more than 200 human prostate cancers, and compared them to more than 100 non-cancerous prostate tissues.

They found 27 percent of the cancers contained XMRV, compared to only 6 percent of the benign tissues.

The viral proteins were found almost exclusively in malignant prostatic cells, suggesting that XMRV infection may be directly linked to the formation of tumors.

The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Novel targeted therapy shows promise to eliminate leukaemia stem cells

Washington, July 3 (ANI): A piece of research has shown that it is possible to eliminate stem cells related to human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a notoriously treatment-resistant blood cancer, using a new targeted therapy.

Associate Professor Richard Lock, from the Children’s Cancer Institute Australia and the University of New South Wales, has revealed that the new therapeutic approach has been found to selectively attack human cancer cells grown in the lab as well as in animal models of leukaemia.

AML is a cancer of the white blood cells that has an extremely poor prognosis and does not respond well to conventional chemotherapy.

“The cellular and molecular basis for this dismal picture is unclear. However, previous research has suggested that leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) may lie at the heart of post-treatment relapse and chemoresistance,” says Lock.

LSCs are cells that can initiate AML and are critical for its long-term growth.

Lock and his colleagues exploited the fact that the molecule CD123 is expressed at very high levels on LSCs but not on normal blood cells.

The researchers created a therapeutic antibody that recognized and bound to CD123, hoping that the antibody would selectively interfere with AML-LSC survival.

When AML-LSCs from human patients were transplanted into mice treated with the antibody, called 7G3, cytokine signalling in the tumour cells was blocked.

The research team also observed that 7G3 impaired migration of the AML-LSCs to bone marrow, and activated the innate immune system of the host mouse to destroy the AML-LSCs.

They say that, overall, treatment with 7G3 substantially improved mouse survival when compared with control groups.

Lock and his colleagues are currently using a CD123-targeting antibody in phase 1 clinical trials of advanced AML. They say that there are no signs of treatment-related toxicity.

These results hold substantial promise for future cancer therapeutics.

“The recent characterization of defined populations of cancer stem cells in a range of human malignancies, as well as their relative resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, supports the broad applicability of our approach and provides rationale for the progression of AML-LSC-targeted therapeutics from preclinical evaluation to clinical trials,” concludes Associate Professor Lock.

A research article on the study has been published in the journal Cell Stem Cell. (ANI)

Green tea may help treat leukemia

An active ingredient of green tea has been found effective in treating leukaemia patients, say researchers.

The study led by Mayo Clinic researchers has shown that patients could fairly tolerate high doses of the chemical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), derived from the green tea.

“We found not only that patients tolerated the green tea extract at very high doses (in capsule form), but many of them saw regression to some degree of their chronic lymphocytic leukemia,” said Dr Tait Shanafelt, Mayo Clinic hematologist and lead author of the study.

“The majority of individuals who entered the study with enlarged lymph nodes saw a 50 percent or greater decline in their lymph node size,” Shanafelt added.

The researchers hope that EGCG can stabilize CLL for early stage patients or perhaps improve the effectiveness of treatment when combined with other therapies.

After the success of the first trial, researchers have moved to the second phase of clinical testing. involving roughly the same number of patients. All will receive the highest dose administered from the previous trial.

The findings appear online in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Green tea extract may help treat leukemia

Washington, May 27 (ANI): An active ingredient of green tea has been found effective in treating leukaemia patients, say researchers.

The study led by Mayo Clinic researchers has shown that patients could fairly tolerate high doses of the chemical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), derived from the green tea.

“We found not only that patients tolerated the green tea extract at very high doses (in capsule form), but many of them saw regression to some degree of their chronic lymphocytic leukemia,” said Dr Tait Shanafelt, Mayo Clinic hematologist and lead author of the study.

“The majority of individuals who entered the study with enlarged lymph nodes saw a 50 percent or greater decline in their lymph node size,” Shanafelt added.

The researchers hope that EGCG can stabilize CLL for early stage patients or perhaps improve the effectiveness of treatment when combined with other therapies.

After the success of the first trial, researchers have moved to the second phase of clinical testing. involving roughly the same number of patients. All will receive the highest dose administered from the previous trial.

The findings appear online in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. (ANI)

Popular cancer drug rituximab may lead to oft-fatal viral brain infection

Washington, May 19 (ANI): Scientists are concerned that the popular cancer drug, rituximab, may increase a person’s chances of acquiring an often fatal viral brain infection, known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML), which attacks the brain’s white matter.

The worries about this possible harmful effect of rituximab emerged after MRI brain scans and biopsies were conducted on a 57-year-old lawyer in New York and an 83-year-old woman in Chicago, both of whom had been taking the drug before they developed the brain infection.

The two patients are currently part of a new study from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine RADAR project, an international consortium of physicians that collaborate to identify adverse reactions to medications and devices, which is being led by Dr. Charles Bennett.

Knowing more about the suggested link between rituximab and PML is important because, besides its use as a cancer drug, this medicine is also used for treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus and autoimmune anaemias.

Bennett has revealed that, from 1997 to 2008, as many as 57 patients with anemia, rheumatoid arthritis or lymphoma developed the fatal brain disease after taking rituximab.

They died an average of two months after being diagnosed, he said.

“Rituximab is one of the most prominent drugs in a new class called monoclonal antibodies. It’s now the third monoclonal antibody that is associated with PML,” added Bennett.

The researcher points out that the brain infection is often overlooked and undiagnosed because it is so subtle at first.

“People may think it’s early Alzheimer’s disease or depression. Many of these patients have cancer and when they die, people assume it’s the cancer that killed them,” he said.

He admitted that it was yet to be found out how rituximab is connected to the brain virus and who might be at risk.

Bennett said that the study results illustrate a need for caution in prescribing rituximab.

“The drug has tremendous usefulness in lymphoma, but as its use expands to diseases that are not cancer, we might have to reconsider the risk benefit. Some cancer patients take this drug chronically for non-fatal chronic leukemia where the risk-benefit calculations differ from lymphoma,” he said.

He suggested if people on rituximab develop any strange neurological symptoms like forgetfulness, disorientation or mood changes, their doctors should be alerted.

A research article on the study has been published in the journal Blood. (ANI)

Embryo’s heartbeat triggers blood stem cell formation

Washington, May 14 (ANI): In a breakthrough study, researchers have found that heartbeat and blood circulation play key role in the formation of blood cells in embryos.

The finding might provide an answer to why embryonic heart begins beating so early even before the tissues actually need to be infused with blood.

Researchers hope that clues about how blood forms could provide new strategies for treating blood diseases such as leukemia, immune deficiency and sickle cell anaemia.

During the study, Dr Leonard Zon, of the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Children’s and Director of its Stem Cell research program used zebrafish, whose transparent embryos allow direct observation of embryonic development.

They found that compounds that modulate blood flow had a potent impact on the expression of a master regulator of blood formation, known as Runx1.

The study, appearing in journal Cell, showed that nitric oxide, whose production is increased in the presence of blood flow, is the key biochemical regulator.

Increasing nitric oxide production restored blood stem cell production in the mutant fish embryos, while inhibiting nitric oxide production led to reduced stem cell number.

“Nitric oxide appears to be a critical signal to start the process of blood stem cell production,” said Zon.

“This finding connects the change in blood flow with the production of new blood cells,” he added.

Another study published in Nature, showed that blood flow also triggers blood-forming or hematopoietic stem cell production in mouse embryos.

The researchers showed that shear stress – the frictional force of fluid flow on the surface of cells lining the embryonic aorta – increases the expression of master regulators of blood formation, including Runx1, and of genetic markers found in blood stem cells.

It also increased formation of colonies of progenitor cells that give rise to specific lineages of blood cells.

This showed that biomechanical forces promote blood formation.

“In learning how the heartbeat stimulates blood formation in embryos, we’ve taken a leap forward in understanding how to direct blood formation from embryonic stem cells in the petri dish,” said lead researcher Dr George Q.

Daley, director of the Stem Cell Transplantation Program at Children’s Hospital Boston. (ANI)

‘Pied piper’ molecule key in treating prostate cancer, leukemia

Washington, Apr 29 (ANI): Scientists from Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) have identified what they called a ‘Pied Piper’ molecule that can offer a key in treating prostate, breast and colon cancers as well as leukemia.

The molecule within blood cells, called Liar, leads other molecules into the nucleus of the cell.

Associate Professor Ingley said the findings were a leap forward in the understanding of how blood cells develop and divide, which could offer them a key to turning off cancerous cell growth.

“Liar is like a key, which opens a pathway into the nucleus of a blood cell for a number of other molecules, allowing them to flow in – and these molecules are what signal the cell to develop and divide,” he said.

“From here, if we could control Liar, the hope is that we could use it to switch off the growth of abnormal, or cancerous, cells.

“Because Liar is present in every blood cell, this knowledge could help treat a huge range of conditions and diseases, but where it has most potential is in cancers of the prostate, breast, colon and blood where activity of the enzyme Lyn is heightened,” he added

The cellular enzyme Lyn acts as a switch that ‘turns on’ blood cell development.

“We could see Lyn had a big influence on blood cell development, so to understand how it works, we looked at what it interacts with and the effects it has,” said Professor Ingley.

“What we then saw was Lyn interacting with Liar, and noticed it also interacted with other molecules that signal the cell to behave a certain way.

“Now we have identified Liar and Lyn and we know what they do, we’ll be looking at them more closely to find out how they may have the potential to help treat cancers,” he added.

The study appears in journal Blood. (ANI)

Drug that inhibits acute leukemia cell growth discovered

Washington, Apr 25 (ANI): American researchers have found how to turn off a certain receptor that promotes the growth of leukemia cells.

The study by researchers from the Children’s Cancer Hospital at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center has been presented in a platform session at the 22nd annual meeting of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO).

“There is a certain receptor we now know is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells called Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A (TRKA),” said Mauricio Ghisoli, M.D., fellow at the Children’s Cancer Hospital at M. D. Anderson.

“When TRKA gets turned on by a nerve growth factor (NGF) ligand, the AML cells start to rapidly grow,” the expert added.

Ghisoli and researchers at M. D. Anderson have found that using a TRK inhibitor, AZ23, turns off NGF, which led to a 50 percent reduction of AML cells in mice with no immune system.

When studied in mice with an immune system present, researchers found that 60 percent of the mice treated with AZ23 had long-term survival with no presence of leukemia cells.

They also found AZ23 to be more effective in human AML cell lines that expressed higher levels of TRKA. This pre-clinical discovery could potentially allow clinicians to decipher which patients may have the best response to the drug in the future, explained Ghisoli.

Acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children, according to the American Cancer Society. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the more common type, has a cure rate of 80 percent, but children with the rarer type, AML, have only a 50 percent chance of a cure in comparison.

“Young patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia have a great chance of being cured using the standard treatments available out there today,” said Patrick Zweidler-McKay, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor at the Children’s Cancer Hospital and senior investigator.

“However, we have to find alternatives to increase the chance of cure for pediatric patients diagnosed with AML. Understanding how to turn off switches that promote cancer cell production is one way to do this,” the researcher said.

In pre-clinical tests on solid tumor cell lines, AZ23 was found effective against the tumors. A Phase I clinical trial is planned to open this year for adults with solid tumor cancers. (ANI)

‘Molecular key’ to successful blood stem cell transplants identified

Washington, April 23 (ANI): Researchers at University of British Columbia have identified a ‘molecular key’ that has the potential to increase the success of blood stem cell transplants.

Blood stem cell transplants are currently used to treat diseases such as leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and aplastic anemia.

During the procedure, donor blood stem cells – which can produce red and white blood cells and platelets – are injected into the recipient to produce new blood.

The stem cells then need to travel to the thymus – an organ near the heart – and produce T-cells, a type of white blood cell that orchestrates the body’s immune system.

A common problem with blood stem cell transplants is the failure of stem cells to repopulate the thymus and generate T-cells. Without T-cells the patient is unable to fight infection and post-transplant prognosis is poor.

Now, Prof. Hermann Ziltener and his research team at UBC’s Biomedical Research Centre have identified a molecule called S1P that can tell the thymus to ‘open the gates’ and accept more stem cells.

“This discovery gives us a handle on determining whether the thymus will be receptive to migrating stem cells. By treating patients with drugs that control S1P, scientists can now manipulate the thymic gates to either open or close,” said Ziltener, a professor in the Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

The new study is published in the April issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine. (ANI)

Biphosphonates may prevent radiation-induced leukaemia

Washington, Apr 20 (ANI): A new study has revealed that treatment with biphosphonates could prevent radiation-induced leukaemia.

Lead researcher Dr Alexandra Miller, a senior scientist at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, said that the study will not only help military and space agency personnel exposed to risky levels of radiation, it will also be beneficial for civilian populations.

“It is possible, although not yet proven, that the compound we studied could have a general effect on leukemia associated with causes other than radiation, such as age, which is much more common,” said Miller.

During the study, the research team studied biphosphonates known to scientists as ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-biphosphonate (EHBP) and carballylic amido bis phosphonic acid (CAPBP).

Biphosphonates have emerged as an attractive chemopreventive agent due to earlier research that suggests they prevent bone metastasis and because they have an ability to remove uranium from the body.

The researchers irradiated laboratory mice at 3.5 Gy and found that all of the mice who were not treated with either EHBP or CAPBP developed leukemia.

By contrast, if they were treated with six doses of EHBP only 75 percent of mice developed leukemia. Similarly, only 65 percent of mice treated with CAPBP developed leukemia.

The study was presented at the American Association for Cancer Research 100th Annual Meeting 2009. (ANI)

Pharmaceutical firm Roche’s first quarter sales increase

Basel – Roche, the Swiss pharmaceutical giant, said it was confident it would meet full year targets after reporting an 8 per cent growth in sales in the first-quarter.

Last month Roche bought for 46.8 billion dollars the remaining 44 per cent stake in the US biotech firm Genentech that it did not already own.

The Swiss company said in July it would set out its plan for the rest of the year to include Genentech, including bringing a head of the US company to the Roche board.

New drugs Roche produced for leukemia and cancer had received approval by state regulators in the United States and the European Union.

Along with other well performing products, especially medicines for cancer, these were expected to further push sales growth in the remaining quarters.

Given the sales increases in both its pharmaceuticals and diagnostics divisions, Roche Chief Executive Officer Severin Schwan said in a statement he was “confident that we can achieve our full-year targets.”

The Roche Group recorded total sales of 11.6 billion Swiss francs in the first quarter of 2009. In local currencies, this was an increase of 8 per cent and 7 per cent in Swiss francs when compared to the same period last year.

However, the sales presented a 1 per cent drop in US-dollar- terms, due to the recent strengthening of the currency. (dpa)