Early man used crude version of ‘sat nav’ system to navigate across England

London, September 15 (ANI): In a new research, a scientist has found that prehistoric man navigated his way across England using a crude version of a satellite navigation system, which was based on stone circle markers.

According to a report in the Telegraph, the research, by historian and writer Tom Brooks, shows that Britain’s Stone Age ancestors were “‘sophisticated engineers” and far from a barbaric race.

Brooks studied all known prehistoric sites as part of his research.

He found that the prehistoric man was able to travel between settlements in England with pinpoint accuracy, thanks to a complex network of hilltop monuments.

These covered much of southern England and Wales and included now famous landmarks such as Stonehenge and The Mount.

New research suggests that they were built on a connecting grid of isosceles triangles that ‘point’ to the next site.

Many are 100 miles or more away, but GPS co-ordinates show all are accurate to within 100 metres.

This provided a simple way for ancient Britons to navigate successfully from point A to B without the need for maps.

“To create these triangles with such accuracy would have required a complex understanding of geometry,” said Brooks.

“The sides of some of the triangles are over 100 miles across on each side and yet the distances are accurate to within 100 metres. You cannot do that by chance,” he added.

“So advanced, sophisticated and accurate is the geometrical surveying now discovered, that we must review fundamentally the perception of our Stone Age forebears as primitive, or conclude that they received some form of external guidance,” he further added.

Brooks analyzed 1,500 sites stretching from Norfolk to north Wales. These included standing stones, hilltop forts, stone circles and hill camps.

Each was built within eyeshot of the next.

Using GPS co-ordinates, he plotted a course between the monuments and noted their positions to each other.

He found that they all lie on a vast geometric grid made up of isosceles ‘triangles’. Each triangle has two sides of the same length and ‘point’ to the next settlement.

Thus, anyone standing on the site of Stonehenge in Wiltshire could have navigated their way to Lanyon Quoit in Cornwall without a map.

According to Brooks, many of the Stone Age sites were created 5,000 years ago by an expanding population recovering from the trauma of the Ice Age.

“The triangle navigation system may have been used for trading routes among the expanding population and also been used by workers to create social paths back to their families while they were working on these new sites,” he said. (ANI)

Here’s how Zimbabwe’s blind cricket commentator Dean du Plessis bowls audiences

London, September 12 (ANI): He was born blind and has never seen a single match in his life, but has proved that all one requires to become a great cricket commentator is a mix of erudite descriptions of action, comprehensive knowledge of great players, faultless recall of statistics, and needle-sharp sense of timing and judgment.

Needless to say, Zimbabwean-born Dean du Plessis, 32, possesses all these attributes, and has been delivering commentaries on matches for nine years.

He has shared the commentary box in Tests, one-day, and Twenty20 tournaments involving all the Test-playing nations in worldwide radio broadcasts.

The commentators he has worked with include Tony Cozier, Geoffrey Boycott, Ravi Shastri, and Australia’s former spin bowler Bruce Yardley, who himself lost an eye.

In 2004, du Plessis and Yardley made the first ever team to deliver a commentary with a single eye between them.

It is du Plessis’s accentuated sense of hearing that makes up for being sightless.

He relies upon sounds heard via the stump microphones to tell who is bowling from the footfalls and grunts, a medium or fast delivery by the length of time between the bowler’s foot coming down, and the impact of the ball on the pitch.

He can tell whether a delivery was a yorker from the sound of the bat ramming down on the ball, whether a ball is on the off or on-side, and when it’s hit a pad rather than bat.

When the wicketkeeper’s voice goes flat, du Plessis tells him a draw is in the offing.

Though he can’t play the role in the commentary box of the anchor, du Plessis can tell from the crowd noise whether a ball has been gathered in a fielder’s hands or spilled.

“I have to work with the anchor. I am the guy who supplies, well, the colour,” Times Online quoted him as saying.

Andy Pycroft, the Zimbabwean opening batsman from 1979 to 2001, said: “The thing about Dean is the intuition. The public love to listen to him. If he has the right person at anchor to support him he is brilliant.”

Du Plessis hated the “blind cricket” he was taught to play with a plastic-wrapped volleyball at the blind school he attended.

At 14, while feeling bored one day, du Plessis tuned the radio in to a station devoted to ball-by-ball commentaries, and that was what was to change his life.

“There was a phenomenal noise in the background, 80,000 people in a stadium in India, people roaring. I realised it was cricket. I was fascinated,” du Plessis said.

He pushed his way into the commentary box at Harare Sports Club in 2001, and was allowed to try out with the microphone.

He never looked back. (ANI)

Musharraf terms his meeting with Saudi King a success

Lahore, Sep 7 (ANI): Former Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf has said that his recent meeting with Saudi King Abdullah was a success.

“I was accorded full protocol during my visit to Saudi Arabia to meet King Abdullah, I deem him as my elder brother and can contact him whenever I want,” a private TV channel quoted Musharraf, as saying.

He said during his visit, he discussed the recent political situation of Pakistan at length with the Saudi king, adding that the king had concerns about the situation in Pakistan.

Talking to the channel, Musharraf said the army operation against the Taliban in Malakand had proven successful.

“The operation was undoubtedly successful. The Pakistan Army has always rendered sacrifices and played a vital role to safeguard the territorial integrity of the country,” he said.

Earlier, the ‘royal’ treatment being given to Musharraf during his Saudi Arabia visit has his opponents worried.

The special treatment has sparked speculations that Riyadh is trying to use its influence to ask the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) to shun its demand for Musharraf’s trial under the Article Six of the Constitution.

Sources said King Abdullah sent his special airplane to London to fetch Musharraf.

Reports regarding Saudi Arabia cracking its whip on the PML-N and other anti-Musharraf parties has probably forced PML-N to come out with clarifications. (ANI)

Rat as big as a cat found in extinct volcano in Papua New Guinea

London, September 7 (ANI): An expedition team has found a new species of giant rat in an extinct volcano in the jungle of Papua New Guinea, which at 82cm length, is as big as a cat.

According to a report by BBC News, the creature, which has not yet been formally described, was discovered by an expedition team filming the BBC programme ‘Lost Land of the Volcano’.

The rat, which has no fear of humans, is among the largest species of rat known anywhere in the world.

Like the other exotic species, the rat is believed to live within the Mount Bosavi crater, and nowhere else.

“This is one of the world’s largest rats. It is a true rat, the same kind you find in the city sewers,” said Dr Kristofer Helgen, a mammalogist based at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History who accompanied the BBC expedition team.

Initially, the giant rat was first captured on film by an infrared camera trap, which BBC wildlife cameraman Gordon Buchanan set up in the forest on the slopes of the volcano.

The expedition team, from the BBC Natural History Unit, recorded the rat rummaging around on the forest floor, and was awed by its size.

Immediately, they suspected it could be a species never before recorded by science, but they needed to see a live animal to be sure.

Then trackers accompanying the team managed to trap a live specimen.

“I had a cat and it was about the same size as this rat,” said Buchanan.

The trapped rat measured 82cm in length from its nose to its tail, and weighed approximately 1.5kg.

It had a silver-brown coat of thick long fur, which the scientists who examined it believe may help it survive the wet and cold conditions that can occur within the high volcano crater.

The location where the rat was discovered lies at an elevation of over 1,000m.

Initial investigations suggest the rat belongs to the genus Mallomys, which contains a handful of other out-sized species.

It has provisionally been called the Bosavi woolly rat, while its scientific name has yet to be agreed.

Mount Bosavi, where the new rat was found, is an extinct volcano that lies deep in the remote Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.

The expedition team entered the crater to explore pristine forest, where few humans have set foot.

The island which includes Papua New Guinea and New Guinea is famous for the number and diversity of the rats and mice that live there. (ANI)

American glaciers shrinking dramatically in response to global warming

Washington, September 6 (ANI): Reports indicate that most glaciers in Washington and Alaska in the US are dramatically shrinking in response to a warming climate.

During the past 50 years, USGS (US Geological Survey) scientists have measured changes in the mass (length and thickness) of three glaciers: Alaska’s Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers and Washington’s South Cascade Glacier.

These are the longest such records in North America and among the longest in the world.

These three glaciers are known as benchmark glaciers because they are widely spaced, represent different climate regimes, and can be used to understand the thousands of other glaciers in nearby regions.

In addition to these three glaciers, more than 99 percent of America’s thousands of large glaciers have long documented records that show an overall shrinkage as climate warms. (ANI)

Engineers design buildings that can stand plumb after violent quakes

Washington, September 3 (ANI): A team of engineers from the Stanford University has designed a new earthquake-resistant structural system for buildings, which will not only help a multi-story building hold itself together during a violent quake, but also return it to standing up straight on its foundation afterward, true and plumb, with damage confined to a few easily replaceable parts.

Professor Greg Deierlein, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, used the world’s largest shake table to test a new structural design that lets buildings rock during earthquakes, then pull themselves into plumb when the shaking stops, confining damage to replaceable steel “fuses.”

During testing on a massive shake table, the system survived simulated earthquakes in excess of magnitude 7, bigger than either the 1994 Northridge earthquake or the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in California.

“This new structural system has the potential to make buildings far more damage resistant and easier to repair, so people could reoccupy buildings a lot faster after a major earthquake than they can now,” said Greg Deierlein, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford, who led the team that designed the new system.

The system dissipates energy through the movement of steel frames that are situated around the building’s core or along exterior walls.

The frames can be part of a building’s initial design or could be incorporated into an existing building undergoing seismic retrofitting.

They are economically feasible to build, as all the materials employed are commonly used in construction today and all the parts can be made using existing fabrication methods.

“What is unique about these frames is that, unlike conventional systems, they actually rock off their foundation under large earthquakes,” Deierlein said.

The rocking frames are steel braced-frames, the columns of which are free to rock up and down within steel “shoes” secured at their base.

To control the rocking and return the frame to vertical when the shaking stops, steel tendons run down the center of the frame from top to bottom.

These tendons are made of high-strength steel cable strands twisted together and designed to remain elastic during shaking.

When shaking is over, they rebound to their normal length, pulling the building back into proper alignment.

At the bottom of the frame sit steel “fuses” designed keep the rest of the building from sustaining damage.

“The idea of this structural system is that we concentrate the damage in replaceable fuses,” Deierlein said.

The fuses are built to flex and dissipate the shaking energy induced by the earthquake, thereby confining the damage. (ANI)

1 in 3 teenage girls in UK has suffered sexual abuse by their boyfriends

London, Sep 1 (ANI): One in three girls in their teens has been a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of a boyfriend, while one in four has suffered violence in a relationship, according to an in-depth study.

Conducted by the NSPCC and Bristol University, the survey of 1,353 teenage girls and boys questioned across the UK, found that 90 percent of girls in the age group of 13-17 had been in an intimate relationship.

A similar number of boys had also been in relationships.

The research found that 25 percent of girls had suffered physical violence in some form or the other, including being slapped, punched or beaten by their boyfriends.

For the study, the investigators questioned 91 young people at length.

Among the girls, one in six said that they had been pressured into having sex, and one in 16 claimed that they had been raped.

Other participants said that they had been pressured or forced to kiss or intimately touch their boyfriends.

A small minority of the boys – one in 17 – reported being pressured or forced into sexual activity, and almost one in five suffered physical violence in a relationship.

A large number of girls said that they felt they had to put up with the abuse because they felt scared or guilty, or feared they would lose their boyfriend.

According to the NSPCC, having an older boyfriend placed young girls at a higher risk of abuse, with three-quarters of them saying they had been victims.

Even young women from a family where an adult had been violent towards them were also at greater risk.

For boys, having a violent group of friends actually made it more likely that they would become a victim, or be a perpetrator of violence, in a relationship.

“The high rate and harmful impact of violence in teenagers’ intimate relationships, especially for girls, is appalling,” the Guardian quoted Professor David Berridge, of Bristol University, one of the authors of the report, as saying.

“It was shocking to find that exploitation and violence in relationships starts so young. This is a serious issue that must be given higher priority by policymakers and professionals,” he added.

The report reminds schools of the need to raise awareness of relationships where there is harmful, controlling and abusive behaviour.It has also recommended that anti-bullying groups at school should tackle violent relationships and that child protection professionals should consider teenagers who are in intimate relationships, especially girls with older boyfriends.

Diane Sutton, head of policy and public affairs at the NSPCC suggested that parents and schools could perform a vital role in teaching children about loving and safe relationships and what to do if they are suffering from violence or abuse. (ANI)

Scientists create world’s tiniest laser squeezing light

London, August 31 (ANI): A team of American scientists have created the world’s smallest laser by squeezing light into a space smaller than a protein molecule.

Project leader Xiang Zhang, a professor at the University of California (UC) at Berkeley, says that the breakthrough heralds a revolution in optical technology.

The researcher believes that this advance may pave the way for “nanolasers” that can probe and manipulate DNA.

It may also prove helpful in creating super-fast computers and for telecommunications, the researcher says.

“This work shatters traditional notions of laser limits and makes a major advance towards applications in the biomedical, communications and computing fields,” the Scotsman quoted Prof. Zhang as saying.

According to Prof. Zhang, the new “plasmon” laser compresses light into a gap five nanometres wide, the size of a single protein molecule.

Plasmons are the wave-like motions of excited electrons on the surfaces of metals. Binding light to these oscillations allows it to be squeezed much further than normal.

“Plasmon lasers represent an exciting class of coherent light sources capable of extremely small confinement. This work can bridge the worlds of electronics and optics at truly molecular length scales,” said Prof. Zhang.

The research team behind this breakthrough hope that one day they will be able to shrink light down to the size of an electron’s wavelength, about one billionth of a metre.

A research article on their latest work has been published in the journal Nature. (ANI)

Screen Actors Guild bosses ban members from being part of MJ’s docu

London, Aug 30 (ANI): The feature length documentary on Michael Jackson being made by Sony has been hit with controversy, as union bosses at the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) have warned members not to be part of the project.

They claim that film’s producers have not agreed to the minimum basic terms and conditions for performers and background actors employed on the project, the Daily Express reports.

A statement from the union reads: “Guild members are reminded of their obligation not to accept employment on any non-signatory project, as well as their obligation to confirm with the guild that a project is signatory. Employment on any non-signatory project within the guild’s jurisdiction may subject a member to a Rule One violation.”

The film is set to feature behind-the-scenes footage of the King of Pop during his rehearsals for his comeback This Is It concert, which Sony had purchased from concert promoters AEG Live.

However, the union did not have jurisdiction over the footage.

Sony has planned to release it on 28 October and run it in theatres for two weeks worldwide. (ANI)

New computer program studies handwriting to detect liars

Washington, Aug 29 (ANI): While experts have long been trying to use handwriting as a tool in forensic labs or their personality traits, researchers have now developed a computerized tool that can measure handwriting characteristics more effectively, making it greatly useful in lie detection.

Headed by Gil Luria and Sara Rosenblum at the University of Haifa, the researchers utilised a computerized tablet that measured the physical properties of the subject’s handwriting, which are difficult to consciously control (for example: the duration of time that the pen is on paper versus in the air, the length height and width of each writing stroke, the pressure implemented on the writing surface).

And they have found that these handwriting characteristics differ when an individual is in the process of writing deceptive sentences as opposed to truthful sentences.

The handwriting tool has the potential to replace, or work in tandem, with popular, verbal-based lie detection technology such as the polygraph to ensure greater accuracy and objectivity in law enforcement deception detection.

Besides, polygraphs are often intrusive to the subject and sometimes inconclusive.

Thus, the handwriting tool provides ease and increased accuracy over common, verbal-based methods.

The study appears in an upcoming issue of Applied Cognitive Psychology. (ANI)

Meet roach Heathcliffe, contender for World’s Heaviest Insect title

Melbourne, Aug 28 (ANI): Heathcliffe, a giant burrowing cockroach, could be the world’s heaviest insect.

The cockroach, 85mm in length and 40mm in width, gives birth to live young ones, unlike other members of its family who lay eggs.

The Australian giant lives in burrows and feeds on leaves.

The Daily Telegraph quoted Nathan Lo, senior biology lecturer in Sydney University as saying: “Native to western NSW and north Queensland, they can reach 30 to 35g and more than 85mm in length.”

He added: “They are the world’s heaviest cockroach and if not the heaviest of all insects, they are certainly a contender.

“They are different to other insects in a lot of ways and are totally unrelated to the American or German cockroaches found in Australian households.”

Speaking on the age and breeding habits of the Heathcliffe, Lo said: “Giants can live up to eight years, which is pretty amazing for an insect.

“When they give birth it’s to live young, not eggs, and they leave the babies in their burrows, come out in the evening to collect leaf litter and bring it back to the burrow for the young ones to eat.

“They look after them for several months.”

Heathcliffe will be displayed at the Sydney University this weekend. (ANI)

Archaeologists uncover 7th century ship in Sweden

Stockholm (Sweden), August 28 (ANI): Swedish archaeologists have announced the find of a 7th century burial ship, the oldest of its kind to be discovered in Scandinavia.

According to a report in The Local, the ship, thought to be from the Vendel era (550-793) of Swedish prehistory, was found in Sunnerby on the island of Kallandso in Lake Vanern in central Sweden.

Officials at the Lake Vanern Museum have said that this is the only known ship burial to be uncovered in Sweden.

Archaeologists from Lake Vanern Museum and Gothenburg University are busy excavating the find that includes equipment, gifts and animal sacrifices.

“In Sunnerby, the number of boat rivets found so far indicate that there is a ship hidden in the Kungshogen mound, that is to say a vessel of more than 10 metres and possibly up to 20 metres in length,” the museum writes in a statement.

The ship is a burial vessel and the museum reports that only people in the highest echelons of society were afforded such a grand farewell.

The museum compares the find to the important Sutton Hoo ship burial find in south east England, though archaeologists believe the Swedish find is unlikely to yield as many significant artifacts as the Suffolk ship.

The ship would have been loaded with the deceased, animal sacrifices, equipment and gifts and the whole vessel set alight in a huge funeral pyre.

Annelie Nitenberg and Anna Nyqvist Thorsson, archaeologists at Lake Vanern Museum, hope that the Kungshogen find will help to shed light on Vendel era cultural life by Sweden’s largest lake.

The excavation of the Kungshogen find will now continue until October. After a break for the winter, the work will resume in 2010. (ANI)

Girls’ fear of spiders may be genetic

London, Aug 28 (ANI): Even the sight of spiders and snakes makes some people yell and run – and women are more likely to get scared than men. Now, a new study has shown that females are genetically predisposed to fear creepy-crawlies and dangerous animals.

During the study, scientists found that baby girls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. However, baby boys remain blithely indifferent to this connection.

In an initial training phase, David Rakison, a developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, showed 10 baby girls and boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face.

In the following test phase, he let them watch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face.

Despite the spider’s happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the flower. The researchers took this to mean that the girls expected spiders to be linked with fear. The boys looked for an equal time at both images.

With a different group of babies, Rakison first showed a spider with a happy face, and a flower with a fearful face. Now the girls too looked at both images for the same length of time – implying that they did not have an inborn fear of spiders.

The results suggest that girls are more inclined than boys to learn to fear dangerous animals.

On the other hand, modern phobias such as fear of flying or injections show no sex difference, Rakison said.

He attributes the difference to behavioral differences between men and women among our hunter-gatherer ancestors. An aversion to spiders may help women avoid dangerous animals, but in men evolution seems to have favoured more risk-taking behaviour for successful hunting.

It makes evolutionary sense to acquire spider fear at a certain age, rather than to be born with it, Rakison said.

“There is little reason for an infant to fear an object unless it can respond to it, for example by crawling away,” New Scientist quoted him as saying.

The study has been published in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior. (ANI)

Britney Spears to end Circus in “nice place” Melbourne

Melbourne, Aug 27 (ANI): Britney Spears has decided to end her Circus world tour with a final performance in Melbourne, Australia.

The singer wants to finish off her tour in “a nice place” and wants to celebrate her birthday on December 2, according to her promoter Paul Dainty.

The ‘Womanizer’ hitmaker had three shows lined up for the town before adding one more.

“It is her first trip to Australia and she is really excited. We really wanted more shows in Melbourne … so we talked at length with her management and they thought why not,” News.com.au quoted Paul as saying.

Spears will play at Rod Laver Arena from November 11-13, after which she’ll perform in Sydney and Brisbane.

Ultimately, she will come back to Melbourne for her final show on November 27.

Paul added: “It is by far the biggest pop spectacle to be seen here in years,” (ANI)

Female fruit flies prefer keeping sex short to get a reproductive boost

Washington, August 22 (ANI): A new study has shown that female fruit flies prefer keeping sex short and sweet because they get a reproductive boost from shorter intercourse.

Since males like sex to last longer, a fight ensues.

“After about a minute and a half (of mating), the female begins kicking and struggling,” National Geographic News quoted Kirsten Klappert, of the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, as having written in the study report.

The researcher notes that when mating lasts longer, female flies have less time to mate again with a different male, if they do so at all.

Although that is good for males flies, as it means that their sperm have less competition, it can be disastrous for females.

“Many male Drosophila montana are infertile, so if you only mate with one you have a high risk of no offspring at all,” Klappert said.

During the study, Klappert’s team paired live males with dead females to see how much control female flies have over mating length.

The dead insects were propped up to convince the males that they were still alive, and ready for sex, said the researchers.

The team observed that male flies’ sex with the dead insects lasted 1.5 times longer than it did with live females.

This finding does attain significance because scientists at other institutions believe that humans can relate to the female fruit fly’s desires.

Rhonda Snook, a senior lecturer at the University of Sheffield in England who studies sexual selection and reproductive behaviour in fruit flies, said: “I don’t know you could say human females want longer copulation, per se. It’s really the foreplay, not the actual act of copulation. In the insects, prior to that, there’s courtship going on, and that’s like foreplay in humans.”

A research article describing Klappert’s study has been published in the journal BMC Evolutionary Biology. (ANI)

Scientists discover signaling pathway which ensures that plants remember to flower

Washington, August 21 (ANI): A team of scientists has discovered signaling pathway that ensures plants remember to flower, even without positive signals from the environment.

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Germany found the solution to the mystery that why do some plants blossom even when days are short and gray.

According to the researchers, an endogenous mechanism allows them to flower in the absence of external influences such as long days.

A small piece of RNA, a so-called microRNA, has a central role in this process, as a decline of its concentration in the shoot apex triggers flowering.

MicroRNAs are very short RNA snippets that have emerged in recent years as essential regulators of gene function in both plants and animals.

By binding to complementary motifs in a messenger RNA, they inhibit its translation into protein. This process thus blunts the activity of the corresponding gene.

In Tubingen, developmental biologists have discovered that the common wallcress, Arabidopsis, uses this regulatory mechanism to switch from vegetative to reproductive development.

A group of related regulators, the SPL proteins, play an important role in promoting the onset of flowering.

In young plants, high levels of microRNA156 prevent production of SPL proteins.

Jia-Wei Wang and colleagues demonstrate that independent of external cues, the concentration of the microRNA declines over time, like sand running through an hourglass.

When the microRNA concentration falls below a certain level, enough SPL proteins are produced to activate the flowering process even in the absence of other regulators that measure day length or external temperature.

This in turns allows a sufficiently old plant to flower, even in an unfavorable environment.

Interestingly, the SPLs do double duty, since they have supporting roles when plants flower in response to long days.

Furthermore, both the SPLs and other regulators eventually converge on a similar set of targets crucial for flowering.

According to Detlef Weigel, director at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, “Flowering is crucial for the long-term survival of plants. The redundancy of environment-dependent and independent mechanisms ensures that plants do not wait forever until flowering.” (ANI)

Why people walk in circles when lost

Washington, Aug 21(ANI): It’s true: When people are lost, they walk in circles. That’s the conclusion of a new research which has also found the reason behind it.

Scientists in the Multisensory Perception and Action Group at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, led by Jan Souman and Marc Ernst, have presented the first empirical evidence that people really walk in circles when they do not have reliable cues to their walking direction.

The study has been published in the journal Current Biology.

The boffins examined the walking trajectories of people who walked for several hours in the Sahara desert (Tunisia) and in the Bienwald forest area (Germany). They used the global positioning system (GPS) to record these trajectories.

The results showed that participants were only able to keep a straight path when the sun or moon was visible. However, as soon as the sun disappeared behind some clouds, people started to walk in circles without even noticing it.

Speaking about the study, Jan Souman said: “One explanation offered in the past for walking in circles is that most people have one leg longer or stronger than the other, which would produce a systematic bias in one direction. To test this explanation, we instructed people to walk straight while blindfolded, thus removing the effects of vision. Most of the participants in the study walked in circles, sometimes in extremely small ones (diameter less than 20 metres).”

However, it turned out that these circles were rarely in a systematic direction. Instead, the same person sometimes veered to the left, sometimes to the right. Walking in circles is therefore not caused by differences in leg length or strength, but more likely the result of increasing uncertainty about where straight ahead is.

“Small random errors in the various sensory signals that provide information about walking direction add up over time, making what a person perceives to be straight ahead drift away from the true straight ahead direction,” according to Souman.

Marc Ernst, Group Leader at the MPI for Biological Cybernetics, added: “The results from these experiments show that even though people may be convinced that they are walking in a straight line, their perception is not always reliable. Additional, more cognitive, strategies are necessary to really walk in a straight line.

“People need to use reliable cues for walking direction in their environment, for example a tower or mountain in the distance, or the position of the sun.” (ANI)

Big Ben ice sculpture being created in London

London, August 20 (ANI): Sculptors are creating Big Ben on ice as part of a reconstruction of the London skyline.

The sculpture, measuring 10m in length and 3m in height, is being crafted by some of the world’s top ice sculptors amongst five landmarks.

“This is the first time we have been asked to design and produce a project of this scale,” the Telegraph quoted sculptor Duncan Hamilton as saying.

“The challenge to present such unique large sculptures in five city centres, at the same time and on the same day is wonderful,” he added.

Each scaled-down replica, weighing up to a 3.5 tonnes, is estimated to take four men about five hours to assemble and create.

They are to be unveiled by the Smirnoff Co in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Manchester, Liverpool and London on September 11. (ANI)

Tunisian woman due to deliver 12 babies tagged ‘a fraud’

London, August 19 (ANI): A Tunisian woman, recently reported to be due to give birth to a record-breaking 12 babies, has gone into hiding after being exposed as a fraud.

The North African teacher, from Gafsa, had claimed that she was expecting six boys and six girls this month after having fertility treatment.

But an investigation by the country’s Health Ministry has revealed that the 34-year-old woman, known only as AF, has “psychological problems and is unlikely even to be pregnant”.

“Our staff interviewed her at length, but even her pregnancy appears to be in her imagination,” the Telegraph quoted a spokesman in Tunis, the capital, as saying.

“She’s claiming to be nine months pregnant with six boys and six girls, but there’s absolute nothing about her appearance which indicates this.

“The woman has refused point blank to undergo a medical examination. Now we can’t even contact her. She’s gone into hiding,’ the spokesman added.

A doctor at No’man al Adab Hospital, the only one in the town of Gafsa, also said: “It may be that she’s trying to make money from television. These kind of people can make thousands from appearing on programmes. Perhaps that’s what motivated her.”

Medical experts had previously cast a shadow of doubt over the extraordinary feat, saying if the 12 babies, called duodecaplets, were all born alive, they would represent a medical miracle.

Peter Bowen-Simpkins, a fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said: “How could you get 12 babies into the womb at the same time? The womb just doesn’t expand that much. She would have to be about seven feet tall.” (ANI)