Suicide bomber attacks Karzai's brother's memorial, 4 killed

KANDAHAR: A suicide bomber concealing explosives in his turban blew himself up inside a mosque in southern Afghanistan on Thursday during a memorial service for the president's assassinated half brother, officials said. At least four people were killed.

Among the victims of the attack in Kandahar city was Hekmatullah Hekmat, head of the clerical council for the province, and a young child, the interior ministry said. At least 15 people were wounded, including a parliamentarian, Bismillah Afghanmal.

The Kandahar provincial government said all other high-ranking officials at the ceremony were safe and had been taken to a secure location.

No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attack, which added weight to assertions that the slaying of president Hamid Karzai's younger brother would further destabilize a violent region of Afghanistan.

The Sarra Jamai mosque in the southwest of the city had been filled with relatives and friends of Ahmed Wali Karzai, who was killed earlier this week. They were offering their condolences to the family of the provincial leader.

Officials believe the bomber got the explosives past security by hiding them in his turban.

Kandahar Governor Tooryalai Wesa, who was attending the memorial, said he saw the man's turban explode. Provincial intelligence chief Gen. Mohammad Naeem Momin said authorities drew the came conclusion after examining the bomber's remains.

The attacker approached Hekmat after mourners ended a prayer, the governor said.

“There was a prayer going on and after that prayer the man came close to the director of the religious council and exploded,'' Wesa said. “It looks like he was targeting the director.''

Wali Karzai was shot at close range by a confidant on Tuesday, leaving President Karzai without a powerful ally in Kandahar province, a former Taliban stronghold and the site of recent military offensives by the U.S.-led military coalition.

The Taliban claimed responsibility for the killing, which has threatened to create a power vacuum in the south.

Wali Karzai was regarded as the most powerful man in southern Afghanistan. He was head of the provincial council, the influential Populzai tribe, and the Afghan president's confidant and emissary.

Beyond his more official roles, Wali Karzai was also known as a master operator who played Kandahar's hard-line tribal and political factions against one another to retain ultimate control over the restive province.

Even the international alliance begrudgingly accepted Wali Karzai's sweeping influence in southern Afghanistan, despite their strong suspicions that he was involved in opium trafficking, smuggling and other criminal enterprises.

The mosque bombing was the second attack in Kandahar city on Thursday. Earlier in the morning, a bomb exploded near a police vehicle in the city, killing one civilian, said provincial police Chief Abdul Raziq.

As the conflict intensifies in the south and southeast of

Afghanistan, the United Nations said Thursday that civilian deaths jumped 15 percent in the first half of 2011. The U.N. blamed a rise in insurgent roadside bombings and suicide attacks for the increase.

The U.N. said 1,462 Afghan civilians lost their lives _ many in the crossfire of battle between Taliban insurgents and Afghan, U.S. and NATO forces. During the first half of last year, 1,271 Afghan civilians were killed.

But many of the most contentious incidents continue to be international military strikes in which residents routinely claim civilians are killed.

In the latest such dispute Thursday, government officials in eastern Afghanistan accused NATO troops of killing six civilians in an overnight raid, and more than 1,000 people poured into the streets of Khost province in anger.

The military alliance said the joint patrol with Afghan forces in Khost province killed six fighters from a militant group allied with the Taliban known as the Haqqani network and injured one civilian.

“I don't have any indication that we killed civilians,'' Capt. Justin Brockhoff told The Associated Press.

But the reports stirred up anger in Khost and hundreds of people marched on the capital, shouting, “Death to America! Death to the government!'' Men in the crowd carried the bodies of the dead on their shoulders.

The raid took place in the village of Toora Worai in an area known as Matoon, about four miles (seven kilometers) from the provincial capital of Khost city.

“The coalition last night ran an operation in that village and unfortunately they were acting on an incorrect report that there was a meeting of Haqqani network commanders going on,'' said Mubarez Zadran, a spokesman for the provincial government. “The operation left six civilians dead.''

Khost provincial council member, Gul Mohammad Zazi, said international troops stormed into the village around midnight and fired into the windows of houses. Zazi said the dead were not connected to the insurgency.

Brockhoff said that NATO and Afghan forces were going after a Haqqani leader who was responsible for attacks and weapons trafficking in the area.

“As the security force was clearing a compound in the area, multiple insurgents armed with AK-47 rifles and pistols, opened fire on the force,” Brockhoff said. Among those killed in the firefight was a woman who was armed with a pistol and fired on the troops, he added.

He said the international troops administered first aid to the female civilian who was wounded and transported her to a medical facility.

Asif Khan, a resident of Toora Worai who lives next to some of those who were killed said all of the dead were civilians. A spokesman for local schools, Sayed Musa Majro, said the dead included a teacher and two students.

Meanwhile, NATO said one of its service members was killed Wednesday in an attack in eastern Afghanistan. The coalition did not provide further details or the nationality of the service member.

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Factbox: Afghanistan: Who is fighting the insurgency?

July 18 – Afghan government, backed by thousands of international force are fighting a growing insurgency in Afghanistan since the Islamist movement was toppled by U.S.-led coalition and Afghan forces in late 2001 in the wake of September 11 attacks on the United States.

Despite repeated peace overtures by President Hamid Karzai to Taliban and other insurgent groups, only the Hezb-i-Islami movement has shown interest, sending their delegates to meet Afghan officials in Kabul earlier this year. However, there was no breakthrough.

In a major international conference this week in Kabul, one of the main themes of Afghan government will be to boost its reintegration efforts to woo low-level fighters who make up the backbone of Taliban insurgency.

There are three main militant groups in the country that lead a bloody insurgency campaign against the Afghan government and around 150,000 foreign troops under NATO’s command.

There are now some 20,000 to 30,000 active fighters within their ranks, according to a government official.

TALIBAN

A Talib, singular form for Taliban means a religious student. The group rose to power in 1994 in southern city of Kandahar under the leadership of Mullah Mohammad Omar who was then imam of a village mosque.

The puritan religious student mostly drawn from seminaries, run in the lawless tribal areas of neighboring Pakistan offered a simple but harsh form of Islamic Justice that appealed to many who were weary of brutal warlords who ignited a bloody civil when the Soviets departed from Afghanistan in 1989.

After years of factional fighting among the anti-Soviet groups over power, Mullah Omar’s young and fanatical fighters managed to capture Kabul in September 1996 where they imposed ultra strict Islamic sharia by banning music, TV and forbidding women to work and girls to school.

After being toppled in 2001, most of the leaders, including Mullah Omar, fled to Pakistan where they formed a council called “Quetta Shura,” a Pakistani city in the province of Balochistan.

The Taliban began to regroup in the south then relaunched their insurgency in 2005 with a wave of guerrilla attacks, suicide and roadside bombs that has grown steadily ever since.

Violence in the country has sharpened, threatening thousands of NATO and bulk of Afghan troops into a stalemate.

Karzai’s idea of peace negotiations to reach out to insurgents who denounce violence and accept Afghan constitution has the backing of international community, but the Taliban have repeatedly rejected the offer, saying foreign troops should leave the country before start of any peace talks.

HAQQANI NETWORK

Headed by Jalaluddin Haqqani, the Haqqani network is allied with the Taliban and is believed to have close links to al Qaeda. It has been behind several high-profile attacks in Afghanistan including an assassination attempt on President Hamid Karzai during a military parade in 2008, and last month attacked a major peace assembly.

Although the attacks caused no serious casualties, President Karzai sacked his interior and intelligence agency chiefs over security lapses.

Haqqani rose to prominence during the 1980s, receiving weapons and funds from the CIA and Saudi Arabia to fight the Soviet occupation and has also had long-standing links with Pakistan’s military Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).

Effective leadership of the group has now passed from Jalaluddin, who is in his 70s, to his more radical eldest son Sirajuddin, security analysts say.

Sirajuddin told Reuters last year that his group, mainly active in the eastern parts of Afghanistan and based in the North Waziristan of Pakistan, was under the overall command of Mullah Omar and admitted ties with al Qaeda.

HEZB-I-ISLAMI

Hezb-i-Islami or the Islamic Party was founded by veteran former Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in mid 1970s was one of the main mujahideen groups fighting the Soviet invasion in the 1980s from its base in Pakistan. It received the lion’s share of U.S. and Saudi arms and money channeled through the Pakistani intelligence service.

After the Soviet withdrawal Hekmatyar fought and made fleeting alliances with most other mujahideen factions during the resulting civil war and is blamed for killing thousands in Kabul with indiscriminate rocket attacks on the capital.

By the rise of the Taliban in 1994, Hekmatyar was sidelined by Pakistan in favor of Mullah Omar and after losing to their forces when the Taliban took Kabul in 1996, Hekmatyar fled to Iran.

Many of his fighters joined the Taliban ranks. He served briefly as prime minister in 1996 before the Taliban took control.

After the September 11 attacks Hekmatyar declared himself against the U.S. invasion and took up the fight in alliance with the Taliban. Its fighters number in thousands are most active in the east of the country and in pockets in the north.

In March this year, a high-profile Hezb delegation met Karzai and a U.N. special envoy in Kabul. Although the talks appeared to be preliminary, the public acknowledgement of meeting was unprecedented and could signal a division within the insurgency.

An Afghan army general, Murad Ali Murad, told Reuters this month that members of Hezb was supplying intelligence on Taliban whereabouts to NATO and the Afghan government that led to the killing or arrest of several key commanders in the north.

(For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: here) (Compiled by the Kabul Bureau; Editing by David Fox) (hamid.shalizi@thomsonreuters.com; +93 799 390 693

(If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)

FACTBOX-Afghanistan: Who is fighting the insurgency?

July 18 – Afghan government, backed by thousands of international force are fighting a growing insurgency in Afghanistan since the Islamist movement was toppled by U.S.-led coalition and Afghan forces in late 2001 in the wake of Sept. 11 attacks on the United States.

Despite repeated peace overtures by President Hamid Karzai to Taliban and other insurgent groups, only the Hezb-i-Islami movement has shown interest, sending their delegates to meet Afghan officials in Kabul earlier this year. However, there was no breakthrough.

In a major international conference this week in Kabul, one of the main themes of Afghan government will be to boost its reintegration efforts to woo low-level fighters who make up the backbone of Taliban insurgency.

There are three main militant groups in the country that lead a bloody insurgency campaign against the Afghan government and around 150,000 foreign troops under NATO’s command.

There are now some 20,000 to 30,000 active fighters within their ranks, according to a government official.

TALIBAN

A Talib, singular form for Taliban means a religious student. The group rose to power in 1994 in southern city of Kandahar under the leadership of Mullah Mohammad Omar who was then imam of a village mosque.

The puritan religious student mostly drawn from seminaries, run in the lawless tribal areas of neighboring Pakistan offered a simple but harsh form of Islamic Justice that appealed to many who were weary of brutal warlords who ignited a bloody civil when the Soviets departed from Afghanistan in 1989.

After years of factional fighting among the anti-Soviet groups over power, Mullah Omar’s young and fanatical fighters managed to capture Kabul in September 1996 where they imposed ultra strict Islamic sharia by banning music, TV and forbidding women to work and girls to school.

After being toppled in 2001, most of the leaders, including Mullah Omar, fled to Pakistan where they formed a council called “Quetta Shura”, a Pakistani city in the province of Balochistan.

The Taliban began to regroup in the south then relaunched their insurgency in 2005 with a wave of guerrilla attacks, suicide and roadside bombs that has grown steadily ever since.

Violence in the country has sharpened, threatening thousands of NATO and bulk of Afghan troops into a stalemate.

Karzai’s idea of peace negotiations to reach out to insurgents who denounce violence and accept Afghan constitution has the backing of international community, but the Taliban have repeatedly rejected the offer, saying foreign troops should leave the country before start of any peace talks.

HAQQANI NETWORK

Headed by Jalaluddin Haqqani, the Haqqani network is allied with the Taliban and is believed to have close links to al Qaeda. It has been behind several high-profile attacks in Afghanistan including an assassination attempt on President Hamid Karzai during a military parade in 2008, and last month attacked a major peace assembly.

Although the attacks caused no serious casualties, President Karzai sacked his interior and intelligence agency chiefs over security lapses.

Haqqani rose to prominence during the 1980s, receiving weapons and funds from the CIA and Saudi Arabia to fight the Soviet occupation and has also had long-standing links with Pakistan’s military Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).

Effective leadership of the group has now passed from Jalaluddin, who is in his 70s, to his more radical eldest son Sirajuddin, security analysts say.

Sirajuddin told Reuters last year that his group, mainly active in the eastern parts of Afghanistan and based in the North Waziristan of Pakistan, was under the overall command of Mullah Omar and admitted ties with al Qaeda.

HEZB-I-ISLAMI

Hezb-i-Islami or the Islamic Party was founded by veteran former Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in mid 1970s was one of the main mujahideen groups fighting the Soviet invasion in the 1980s from its base in Pakistan. It received the lion’s share of U.S. and Saudi arms and money channelled through the Pakistani intelligence service.

After the Soviet withdrawal Hekmatyar fought and made fleeting alliances with most other mujahideen factions during the resulting civil war and is blamed for killing thousands in Kabul with indiscriminate rocket attacks on the capital.

By the rise of the Taliban in 1994, Hekmatyar was sidelined by Pakistan in favour of Mullah Omar and after losing to their forces when the Taliban took Kabul in 1996, Hekmatyar fled to Iran.

Many of his fighters joined the Taliban ranks. He served briefly as prime minister in 1996 before the Taliban took control.

After the Sept. 11 attacks Hekmatyar declared himself against the U.S. invasion and took up the fight in alliance with the Taliban. Its fighters number in thousands are most active in the east of the country and in pockets in the north.

In March this year, a high-profile Hezb delegation met Karzai and a U.N. special envoy in Kabul. Although the talks appeared to be preliminary, the public acknowledgement of meeting was unprecedented and could signal a division within the insurgency.

An Afghan army general, Murad Ali Murad, told Reuters this month that members of Hezb was supplying intelligence on Taliban whereabouts to NATO and the Afghan government that led to the killing or arrest of several key commanders in the north. (For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: here) (Compiled by the Kabul Bureau; Editing by David Fox) (hamid.shalizi@thomsonreuters.com; +93 799 390 693 (If you have a query or comment on this story, send an email to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan, July 18

July 18 (Reuters) – Following are security developments in Afghanistan reported at 1000 GMT on Sunday.

KABUL – A suicide bomb blast aimed at a convoy of foreign forces killed four Afghan civilians in a crowded part of the capital on Sunday, a police source said. There was no immediate word about casualties among the troops.

KANDAHAR – A roadside bomb killed a police officer and an Afghan civilian in the southern city of Kandahar on Sunday, an official said.

FARAH – Taliban guerrillas staged a series of attacks on police posts before blowing up the gate of a main prison in western Farah’s town on Sunday, an official said. Twenty-three inmates initially managed to escape, but some were rearrested, he said.

FARAH – Afghan police killed a would-be suicide bomber before he could ram a car laden with explosives against a convoy of Afghan police in an area of Farah on Saturday, the interior ministry said.

BAGHLAN – Afghan and foreign forces killed five insurgents during an operation on Friday to the north of Pul-i-Khumri, the provincial capital of northern Baghlan, the ministry said.

ZABUL – Taliban guerrillas killed four police in an attack in an area of southern Zabul province on Friday, the ministry said separately.

(Compiled by Sayed Salahuddin; Editing by Jonathan Thatcher)

(For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: here)

(sayed.salahuddin@thomsonreuters.com; Kabul newsroom: +93 799 335 285))

If you have a query or comment about this story, send an e-mail to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)

“Act of Dishonor” takes on grim Afghan traditions

EDINBURGH (Hollywood Reporter) – In a remote village in Afghanistan, a well-meaning Western film crew asks a teenaged bride-to-be to act on-camera, not realizing the peril she then faces in Nelofer Pazira’s quietly effective drama “Act of Dishonor.”

The film combines a sensitive depiction of traditions that horrify outsiders with photography that conveys the desperate hardscrabble nature of life there and the astonishing beauty that arises from an unforgiving landscape. It will attract festival interest, might thrive in art houses and later prove an instructive piece for television and educators.

India-born Pazira grew up in Kabul and spent time in Pakistan before immigrating to Canada, where she won an acting prize for “Kandahar,” which centered on her fruitless attempt to find a childhood friend in Afghanistan.

She writes, directs and stars in “Dishonor,” playing Mejgan, an Afghan woman who grew up in Canada and returns to her homeland with a film crew hoping to sort out her conflicted emotions. Her friendship with a beautiful young woman named Mena (Marina Golbahari) prompts the crew’s director, Ben (Greg Bryk), to ask her to be in the film he is making. Reluctantly, and with the promise of a burqua that she needs for her wedding night, the girl agrees.

As villagers begin to gossip about the dishonor they consider Mena’s behavior visits not only on her family but also on the village, her father (Ghafar Quoutbyar) and betrothed (Masood Serwary) begin to contemplate the ultimate punishment.

Meanwhile, many of those who fled the region when the Taliban took over have returned only to find that others now occupy their homes and that they are regarded as foreigners. One of them, an engineer named Ali (Ali Hazara), tries to act as intermediary between the Canadians and the locals as the filmmakers’ presence causes escalating provocation.

The individual conversations that Mejgan has with Ali and Mena shine a light on the ferociously held and deeply ignorant principles that keep women in docile captivity and prevent intelligent men from doing anything to change things. The tragedy is written in the beautiful eyes of the girl and the dazed despair of her forlorn father, and the film does them justice, even if they don’t find it elsewhere.

Gates sees progress in Afghan war, security handover

WASHINGTON, June 20 (Reuters) – U.S.-led forces are making progress against insurgents in Afghanistan despite significant casualties and concerns about the quality of Afghan troops, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said on Sunday.

Gates told the “Fox News Sunday” program that U.S. General Stanley McChrystal and other military leaders are confident that the campaign against Taliban insurgents, particularly in southern Afghanistan, is moving in the right direction.

McChrystal is the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan.

“It is a tough pull and we are suffering significant casualties,” Gates said, adding that the Pentagon had expected a fierce battle in the southern city of Kandahar and other Taliban-controlled areas.

“He (McChrystal) is confident he will be able to demonstrate by December that not only do we have the right strategy but that we are making progress,” Gates said.

The U.S. defense secretary, however, said it was too early to be able to say how many U.S. troops would be withdrawn from Afghanistan and how quickly they would leave when a planned drawdown began in July 2011.

“That absolutely has not been decided,” Gates said.

President Barack Obama decided in December to send 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan as part of a revised strategy that focuses on securing Kandahar, the Taliban’s birthplace, to try to turn the tide in the nearly nine-year-old war.

Obama also announced the July 2011 date for the gradual withdrawal of troops. Transferring responsibility for security to Afghan troops in certain parts of the country is one of the linchpins of the Obama strategy.

But doubts remain that Afghan troops will be able to assert control if given broader authority next year — recent reports have suggested that Kabul’s army is poorly trained and suffers high rates of desertion.

Some top military officials have said privately that they doubt they will really know if the war strategy is working or not until next summer, around the time Obama plans to begin a troop withdrawal, conditions permitting.

White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel told ABC’s “This Week” program that the July 2011 drawdown date was “firm,” adding that Washington was seeing signs that the Afghan government was making headway on security.

“We are now at that point in Afghanistan, and in fact for the first time in eight years, nine years, they’re actually meeting their police recruitment requirements as well as their army recruitment requirements,” he said in an interview aired on Sunday.

Gates said he was confident that Afghan troops would be ready to take over primary responsibility for security in some parts of Afghanistan.

(Writing by Paul Simao, Editing by Will Dunham)

CORRECTED-FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan, June 15

(Reuters) – Following are security developments in Afghanistan reported at 1600 GMT on Tuesday (* denotes new or updated items):

KANDAHAR – A district chief and two other passengers were killed when their car was struck by an explosive device on Tuesday, the governor’s spokesman said.

* SOUTHERN AFGHANISTAN – Two NATO-led service members were killed in separate insurgent attacks in the south of the country, the alliance said. EASTERN AFGHANISTAN – Two NATO-led service members were killed in separate insurgent attacks in the east of the country, the alliance said.

MAIDAN WARDAK – Four policemen were killed when their vehicle was struck by an explosive device on Monday in Maidan Wardak, west of Kabul, the Interior Ministry said.

GHAZNI – Taliban insurgents attacked an Afghan police post and killed five officers on Tuesday in Ghazni, southwest of Kabul, a provincial official said.

NANGARHAR – Five insurgents were killed on Monday in a clash with Afghan police and foreign troops in eastern Nangarhar province, the interior ministry said on Tuesday.

The clash erupted after the militants ambushed a convoy, it said, adding two Afghan police were also killed.

KAPISA – Afghan and foreign troops killed several insurgents overnight in Kapisa to the northeast of Kabul, the NATO-led force said on Tuesday.

HERAT – A roadside bomb killed two civilians in an area of western Herat on Monday, a provincial official said. (Compiled by Kabul Newsroom; Editing by David Fox)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan, June 13

(Reuters) – Following are security developments in Afghanistan at 1400 GMT on Sunday (* denotes new or updated item):

* SOUTHERN AFGHANISTAN – A service member of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) for Afghanistan died in an improvised explosive device (IED) blast.

KANDAHAR/URUZGAN – Afghan police and foreign forces killed 39 insurgents during two separate operations in southern Uruzgan and Kandahar provinces on Friday, the Afghan Interior Ministry said.

The Taliban could not be immediately reached for comment and Reuters could not independently verify the report. (Compiled by Jonathon Burch; Editing by David Fox) (For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: here)

Analysis: Slow Afghan gains weigh on Obama strategy

(Reuters) – The slower pace of U.S. military advances in the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar may weigh heavily on President Barack Obama’s efforts to sustain public support for the war in Afghanistan.

World

Obama has ordered a review of U.S. strategy in December and had been counting on progress in Kandahar, the Taliban’s birthplace, to show momentum is shifting and troops can start to pull out in July 2011 as planned.

But the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, General Stanley McChrystal, said on Thursday that after lessons learned in neighboring Helmand province, he wanted more time to shore up Afghan support for the Kandahar operation and to build up local governance and capacity to get the job done.

McChrystal said he expected there would be progress by year-end but warned of “very, very difficult days” ahead and that the pace would be slower in Kandahar than expected.

The balance between military priorities and political agenda will become harder to manage as pressure mounts on the U.S. government to stick to its July 2011 pullout deadline.

Obama needs to show progress by December to bolster his case for a continued U.S. commitment and ask for more time to consolidate gains, said Lisa Curtis, an expert on Afghanistan at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative thinktank.

“But if the situation seems unchanged and there is still a stalemate then it will be much more difficult. The withdrawal date will them loom much more heavily,” added Curtis,

Kandahar had been billed as the linchpin to turn around war in Afghanistan but U.S. officials say it has been tough to win local support and show the public the Afghan government is not corrupt and can be trusted to deliver services.

“Ultimately the equation is not how many schools can we open by July of next year or how many miles of tarmac can we lay, but what is the governance situation and do people believe that the government that is there has their long term interests at heart,” said Alex Thier of the U.S. Institute of Peace.

“That is very much an open question,” added Thier, who is joining the Obama administration next week to work on Afghanistan and Pakistan issues.

KARZAI FACTOR

One big risk factor for Obama is how President Hamid Karzai handles Kandahar, where his half-brother is a powerful political figure. Karzai is set in the coming weeks to hold joint community meetings there with McChrystal.

Eyebrows were raised last weekend when Karzai fired his interior minister and intelligence chief, two cabinet members who were broadly respected by Washington and some in Congress are worried about that as well as the slowdown in Kandahar.

“I think there is some cause for concern there both to that (the slowdown), and with the firing,” said Democratic Senator Ted Kaufman.

Karzai has had prickly relations with the White House and before his visit to Washington last month there was a war of words between the two, particularly after the Afghan leader made a string of anti-Western statements.

But U.S. officials say they planned now to keep criticism of Karzai behind closed doors so that diplomatic spats did not sour activities on the battlefield.

Karzai said during his Washington visit that the issue of his brother had been “resolved”.

Kimberly Kagan, president of the Institute for the Study of War, said that despite these assurances, Karzai’s brother complicated the situation in Kandahar and NATO forces needed to serve as a buffer between the population and the government.

“The fundamental list of grievances of Afghans is that the government is predatory and they need a system of justice and they need to be able to have a say over how their community is organized,” said Kagan.

JULY PULL-OUT LOOMS

Another concern of the Afghan population is the July 2011 pullout date and whether the United States is committed long-term to the country’s interests.

“I think one of the biggest problems is the president’s continued statement that we’re leaving in the middle of next year. It gives a degree of uncertainty to our allies and gives encouragement to our adversaries,” said Arizona Sen. John McCain, ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee.

Another circle on Obama’s political timetable will be U.S. congressional midterm elections in November where his own Democratic Party is expected to lose some seats.

However, several experts said that could actually work in Obama’s favor as Republicans tend to be more supportive of the Afghan war effort than some Democrats are, particularly the more liberal wing of his party.

(Additional reporting by Susan Cornwell)

ANALYSIS-Slow Afghan gains weigh on Obama strategy

WASHINGTON, June 11 (Reuters) – The slower pace of U.S. military advances in the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar may weigh heavily on President Barack Obama’s efforts to sustain public support for the war in Afghanistan.

Obama has ordered a review of U.S. strategy in December and had been counting on progress in Kandahar, the Taliban’s birthplace, to show momentum is shifting and troops can start to pull out in July 2011 as planned.

But the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, General Stanley McChrystal, said on Thursday that after lessons learned in neighboring Helmand province, he wanted more time to shore up Afghan support for the Kandahar operation and to build up local governance and capacity to get the job done.

McChrystal said he expected there would be progress by year-end but warned of “very, very difficult days” ahead and that the pace would be slower in Kandahar than expected.

The balance between military priorities and political agenda will become harder to manage as pressure mounts on the U.S. government to stick to its July 2011 pullout deadline.

Obama needs to show progress by December to bolster his case for a continued U.S. commitment and ask for more time to consolidate gains, said Lisa Curtis, an expert on Afghanistan at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative thinktank.

“But if the situation seems unchanged and there is still a stalemate then it will be much more difficult. The withdrawal date will them loom much more heavily,” added Curtis,

Kandahar had been billed as the linchpin to turn around war in Afghanistan but U.S. officials say it has been tough to win local support and show the public the Afghan government is not corrupt and can be trusted to deliver services.

“Ultimately the equation is not how many schools can we open by July of next year or how many miles of tarmac can we lay, but what is the governance situation and do people believe that the government that is there has their long term interests at heart,” said Alex Thier of the U.S. Institute of Peace.

“That is very much an open question,” added Thier, who is joining the Obama administration next week to work on Afghanistan and Pakistan issues.

KARZAI FACTOR

One big risk factor for Obama is how President Hamid Karzai handles Kandahar, where his half-brother is a powerful political figure. Karzai is set in the coming weeks to hold joint community meetings there with McChrystal.

Eyebrows were raised last weekend when Karzai fired his interior minister and intelligence chief, two cabinet members who were broadly respected by Washington and some in Congress are worried about that as well as the slowdown in Kandahar.

“I think there is some cause for concern there both to that (the slowdown), and with the firing,” said Democratic Senator Ted Kaufman.

Karzai has had prickly relations with the White House and before his visit to Washington last month there was a war of words between the two, particularly after the Afghan leader made a string of anti-Western statements.

But U.S. officials say they planned now to keep criticism of Karzai behind closed doors so that diplomatic spats did not sour activities on the battlefield.

Karzai said during his Washington visit that the issue of his brother had been “resolved”.

Kimberly Kagan, president of the Institute for the Study of War, said that despite these assurances, Karzai’s brother complicated the situation in Kandahar and NATO forces needed to serve as a buffer between the population and the government.

“The fundamental list of grievances of Afghans is that the government is predatory and they need a system of justice and they need to be able to have a say over how their community is organized,” said Kagan.

JULY PULL-OUT LOOMS

Another concern of the Afghan population is the July 2011 pullout date and whether the United States is committed long-term to the country’s interests.

“I think one of the biggest problems is the president’s continued statement that we’re leaving in the middle of next year. It gives a degree of uncertainty to our allies and gives encouragement to our adversaries,” said Arizona Sen. John McCain, ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee.

Another circle on Obama’s political timetable will be U.S. congressional midterm elections in November where his own Democratic Party is expected to lose some seats.

However, several experts said that could actually work in Obama’s favor as Republicans tend to be more supportive of the Afghan war effort than some Democrats are, particularly the more liberal wing of his party. (Additional reporting by Susan Cornwell)

NATO warns Afghan success not yet assured

BRUSSELS, June 11 (Reuters) – NATO warned on Friday of tough times ahead in Afghanistan and said success was not yet assured in its struggle against a widening Taliban insurgency.

NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen told a meeting of defence ministers of the 28 NATO states the alliance force in Afghanistan was facing fierce resistance from insurgents in the Taliban heartlands of Helmand and Kandahar provinces.

A statement by the ministers said military operations were making “measured progress” in extending the reach of the Afghan government and marginalising the insurgency. However, it added:

“Significant challenges remain, and success is not yet assured.”

Rasmussen said NATO needed to step up its training effort to allow the start of a handover of security responsibility to Afghan forces, hopefully by the end of the year. But he said NATO’s commitment would be long term.

“There will be many difficult days ahead but a stable, sovereign Afghanistan means a safer world for all of us and we will do what is necessary for as long as necessary to make it happen,” he said.

SOBER ASSESSMENT

The sober assessment of the difficulties facing a mission now involving more than 122,000 foreign troops and worsening casualties came after the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan said a long-awaited campaign in the Taliban’s birthplace Kandahar would unfold more slowly than planned.

Citing shortcomings that set back the last big U.S.-led offensive in neighbouring Helmand, General Stanley McChrystal said on Thursday he wanted more time to shore up Afghan support for the campaign in Kandahar and to prepare local authorities to provide services when security improves.

The decision to move more slowly on what has been billed as the biggest operation of the nearly nine-year-old war adds to doubt about what can be achieved by this year’s end, when the White House is holding a review and demanding signs of progress.

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said gains would need to be seen by then in order to maintain public support for the war in NATO countries, which has eroded as the death toll has risen. At least 17 foreign troops have been killed this week.

The massive military operation in Kandahar is the linchpin of McChrystal’s strategy to turn the tide this year, using the bulk of 30,000 reinforcements sent by U.S. President Barack Obama in a final “surge” of extra troops announced in December.

Obama embraced a counterinsurgency strategy devised by McChrystal last year that aims to push the Taliban from key population centres. But in agreeing to send McChrystal extra troops, the White House also set a goal of starting a gradual withdrawal in July 2011, making the next 12 months critical.

McChrystal sees slower pace for Kandahar operation

BRUSSELS, June 10 (Reuters) – Military operations to gain control of Kandahar, the Taliban’s birthplace, will roll out more slowly and take longer than initially planned, the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan said on Thursday.

The shift, outlined by General Stanley McChrystal on the sidelines of a NATO conference in Brussels, is aimed at buying more time to shore up Afghan support for the operation and to build up the capabilities of local authorities to provide services as security improves.

“It’s more important we get it right than we get it fast,” McChrystal told reporters of the Kandahar operation. Though he did not detail the revised timing, McChrystal said, “I think it will take a number of months for this to play out… We want this thing to be as shaped as possible before we go.”

McChrystal’s reassessment puts a spotlight on the limited window available to turn the tide against the Taliban.

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates warned on Wednesday that NATO and Afghan forces will have to show gains by year-end to maintain public support at home and in Europe for the eight-year-old war.

Asked if the United States would know by year-end whether the operation in Kandahar was successful, McChrystal said, “I think we’ll know whether it’s progressing… I don’t know whether we’ll know whether it is decisive.”

McChrystal said the changes in Kandahar reflected lessons learned by the U.S. military during a more difficult than expected offensive earlier this year in Marjah in neighbouring Helmand province.

“As we did it, we found that it’s even more complex than we thought and so we need to educate ourself from that and do it even better in Kandahar,” McChrystal told reporters.

“I want to make sure we’ve got conditions shaped politically with the local leaders, with the people. We really want the people to understand and literally pull the operation towards them as opposed to feel as though they are being forced with something they didn’t want,” he said.

McChrystal said he still envisages a gradual campaign in Kandahar aimed at delivering security and governance, as opposed to one big military assault.

But he said, “I do think that it will happen more slowly than we had originally intended.

“We are already in the process of doing political and military shaping but … I think that the timing in which we can be decisive in the environs around the city will probably happen more deliberately than we had originally laid out.”

U.S. commanders had initially seen the main thrust of military operations in Kandahar running from June to the beginning of August, before the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, according to an internal schedule seen by Reuters in March.

The campaign would have then shifted from a “clearing” phase to a “secure and deliver government” phase, expected to last at least until mid-October.

But McChrystal said “there will be signficant things happening after Ramadan as well”, and made clear he expected to show progress by year-end, rather than complete the operation outright.

In March, Admiral Mike Mullen, the chairman of the U.S. military’s Joint Chiefs of Staff, described Kandahar as Afghanistan’s “center of gravity” and the key to reversing the Taliban’s momentum this year, Obama’s goal when he ordered the deployment of 30,000 extra U.S. troops in December.

But Gates said on Wednesday in London that he believed Kandahar was an important piece of a successful strategy, but not the only piece. “Kandahar and Helmand are important but they are not the only provinces in Afghanistan that matter in terms of the outcome of this struggle,” Gates said. (Editing by Louise Ireland)

June 10 (Reuters) – South Korea plans to give banks, both domestic and foreign, two years to adjust their currency forward positions when it announces restrictions on such trades early next week, an online media outlet reported on Thursday.

Afghanistan (Reuters) – At least 40 people were killed and 77 injured by a suicide bomb attack on a packed wedding party in insurgency-plagued southern Afghanistan, officials said on Thursday.

World

“A suicide bomber went inside the party where hundreds of people were sitting and blew himself up,” a police official said of the blast at around 9:30 p.m. (1700 GMT) on Wednesday in Arghandab district, north of Kandahar, where foreign troops are focusing on a push in coming months to whittle out the Taliban.

A Kandahar policeman said many of the guests had links to local police officials or a local militia, which was why it was likely targeted, although the Taliban denied responsibility.

“We condemn such a brutal act,” Taliban spokesman Qari Yousuf Ahmadi told Reuters from an undisclosed location. “The Taliban wage Jihad (holy war) in order to free the people from the hands of occupiers. How can we kill them?”

The Taliban have previously claimed responsibility for insurgent attacks, but recanted once civilian casualties have become clear.

Ahmadi laid blame at the feet of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) for Afghanistan, which has killed hundreds of civilians in misdirected air strikes. Taliban attacks have claimed more civilian lives.

An ISAF spokeswoman said it was not involved in the blast and had helped local security forces in follow up operations.

“This is an Afghan matter,” the spokeswoman said.

CHILDREN AMONG DEAD

Witnesses described scenes of chaos at the wedding, which had drawn around 400 celebrants including women and children from nearby villages.

“Some people were waiting for food, others were dancing inside a big tent, when I heard a deafening blast,” a wounded survivor named Aminullah said.

“The dust went up in the sky and I saw dead bodies everywhere. Women and children were screaming. I thought it was end of the world.”

Children were among the dead, the Interior Ministry said in a statement.

The Taliban have regrouped since their U.S.-led overthrow in 2001 and now engage a foreign force that is expected to grow to 150,000 in coming months as part of an offensive against insurgent strongholds in the south.

A favored tactic is improvised explosive devices (IEDs) or suicide attacks on foreign or Afghan forces, but pro-government sympathizers are also targeted and the insurgency used as a cover to settle old scores.

Rural wedding parties in Afghanistan can often be raucous affairs with large gatherings of people and frequently accompanied by celebratory gunfire. Several have mistakenly been attacked in the past by foreign forces.

(Additional reporting by Hamid Shalizi in Kabul; Writing by David Fox; Editing by Dan Williams)

Fresh Kandahar offensive may be delayed until fall

Washington/Kandahar, May 18 (ANI): A fresh offensive against a regrouping Taliban in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar could be delayed until the fall, American commanders and policy makers have revealed.

With the Taliban taking the Afghanistan war to the streets and launching a campaign to assassinate key public officials, key military operations have been delayed to improve local governance and end the sense of dread that prevails on to Kandahar”s dusty streets, the Christian Science Monitor (CSM) reports.

NATO officials had last year indicated major progress against the Taliban, but now, at the urging of Afghan leaders, U.S. officials have stopped describing the plan as a military operation.

Instead, they”ve dubbed it “Cooperation for Kandahar,” a moniker meant to focus attention on efforts to build up local governance while reducing fears of street battles.

US commander in Afghanistan General Stanley McChrystal said: “It”s important that we engage the population so that we shape the leaders, the natural leaders, the elders, political and economic leaders so that their participation helps shape how we go forward.”

American and Afghan officials, however, so far have made little headway in building a foundation for a respected local government capable of winning the confidence of the nearly a million Afghans who live in and around Kandahar.

The largest impediment remains President Hamid Karzai”s half-brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai, a controversial kingpin and reputed drug smuggler who reportedly has been paid by the CIA.

He reportedly wields virtually unchecked power over the region as the chairman of the provincial council as well as through local militias, security firms awarded lucrative contracts by the U.S.-led international force and an alliance with a small band of powerful tribal leaders.

Karzai denies any wrongdoing, and U.S. officials say they”ve been unable to uncover incriminating information on him.

Many U.S. defense officials and analysts are concerned that continuing to work with Ahmed Wali Karzai could jeopardize the public support that General McChrystal concedes is vital to his plan”s success. (ANI)

UK commander says Karzai”s step-bro would rather watch Chelsea play

Kabul, May 14 (ANI): A senior British commander attached with the NATO forces in southern Afghanistan, has revealed that Afghan President Hamid Karzai’s half-brother, Ahmad Wali Karzai, would “rather be watching Chelsea” play football than be involved in sorting out his nation”s problems.

Powerful Wali Karzai has repeatedly been accused of having links with drug tafficking and corruption – which he denies.

Major General Nick Carter, the British commander of NATO forces in southern Afghanistan, said: “Ahmad Wali Karzai is an avid Chelsea supporter.

“He tells me he would far rather be watching Chelsea win the Premiership than wasting time trying to settle disputes at his house in south-western Kandahar city.”

The senior soldier also revealed concerns over Kandahar”s powerful provincial council providing “much more governance than perhaps it is mandated to do through the Afghan Constitution.”

He suggested that Wali Karzai is willing to relinquish some of his influence.

The British commander said the situation in Kandahar was more complicated than in Helmand, but it was “essentially a political problem”. (ANI)

US not fighting Afghan people: Clinton reassures

Washington, May 14 (ANI): US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has rubbished reports of the ambitious Kandahar reclamation operation having a devastating effect on the city and its people.

Clinton maintained that Washington has learnt its lessons after the counter-insurgency operations in Iraq.

“They want to have a successful counter-insurgency operation that doesn”t destroy Kandahar in the effort to save Kandahar,” BBC News quoted Clinton as saying with reference to US commanders in Afghanistan.

“We”re not fighting the Afghan people,” she added during a visit to the US Institute of Peace with President Karzai.

The goal was “to help the people of Kandahar to recover the entire city to be able to put it to the use and the benefit of the people of Kandahar,” she said.

Meanwhile the Obama administration has expressed its willingness to accept the surrender of militants who have cut ties with Al-Qaeda, as long as they renounce their obsolete views regarding women and display respect for women’s rights.

It was “essential that women”s rights and women”s opportunities are not sacrificed or trampled on in the reconciliation process,” said Clinton, earlier on Thursday to three senior female Afghan officials travelling with Mr Karzai, the report said. (ANI)

Afghan leaders distrust threatens American war strategy

Jalalabad (Afghanistan), May 13 (ANI): The success of the NATO offensive in the coming weeks in Kandahar, the Taliban heartland, may well depend on whether Afghans can overcome their corrosive distrust of President Hamid Karzai and his government, the New York Times reports.

According to the paper, Afghan elders met Tuesday at a Marine base near Marja in Helmand Province, as part of an American plan to build mutual trust.

But both Americans and Afghans have struggled to establish a local government that can win the loyalty of the Afghan people, something that is essential to keeping the Taliban at bay, it adds.

Karzai was confronted with that issue when he met with American officials this week, including President Obama on Wednesday.

Both leaders are seeking to repair months of badly strained relations.

The insurgency has spread to some new places, notably the north and northwest of the country, although it has diminished in a few areas. It is now made up of more than half a dozen groups with different agendas, making it that much harder to defeat, or negotiate with, even if the Americans and Afghans could agree on a strategy for doing so.

In 120 districts that the Pentagon views as critical to Afghanistan’s future stability, only a quarter of residents view the government positively. And the government has full control in fewer than a half dozen of these districts.

According to Nader Nadery of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, 18 months is simply not enough to have a stable and secure Afghan government in place.

The current strategy inevitably will allow insurgents some havens, as long as those are in sparsely populated areas where they are unlikely to have much impact.

A NATO officer said Colonel George said he hoped that if he could embolden Afghan citizens to combat corruption in the more populated river valleys and provincial towns in their areas, they would at least create a government they could support.

Diplomats who have spent years in the country working with Afghans give the Americans credit for trying, but they warn that it is easy to underestimate the complexity of Afghan tribal relationships and the profound antipathy for the government. (ANI)

Outcome of US-led ‘War On Terror’ hinges on ‘Battle Of Kandahar’ success

New York, May 12 (ANI): The slated US offensive against Taliban in Kandahar could be the defining moment in the US-led war on terror in Afghanistan. More than 20,000 US troops are being mobilized for the do-or-die operation that will see the US go all out to reclaim the nerve center of the Afghan Taliban.

According to Stephen Biddle, a civilian adviser to Gen. Stanley McChrystal, the outcome of the entire war is riding on it.

“If we fail to secure this population, it”s hard to see how the campaign could succeed,” CBS News quoted Biddle as saying.

The operation is already under way with more than a hundred Taliban operatives being reportedly captured or vanquished.

Operation Cooperation for Kandahar, the official name for the operation, is unprecedented in scale and far outstrips previous US attempts at weeding out the Taliban militia from Marjah.

Right now there are only 12,000 U.S., Canadian and Afghan troops in and around Kandahar, and according to Michael Semple, an Irish EU official who has spent more than two decades in Afghanistan and is a Taliban expert, that”s not enough to stop the Taliban”s reign of terror, the report said.

Between now and July, the number of troops will essentially double. American and Canadian troops will set up bases in the districts surrounding Kandahar and spread out into the villages where the Taliban have their safe havens, the report said.

At the same time, U.S. and Afghan forces will establish checkpoints – 40 in all – on roads leading into Kandahar. Inside the city, U.S. troops will man every police station alongside Afghan police, though Semple has his reservations about the Afghan Police’s ability.

“The weak point in the strategy is the Afghan police. They have yet to prove themselves,” Semple said.

“The operation in Kandahar is 100 times more important than the operation in Marjah, that was a sideshow; Kandahar is the real thing,” he added

The Marjah operation is still not over and U.S. officers do not expect the Kandahar operation to produce results until the end of the year. (ANI)

US describes Marja offensive as a success

Kandahar, May 7 (ANI): While terming their offensive on the Taliban stronghold of Marja as successful, American officials maintain that steep challenges remain insofar as improving local government functions throughout Afghanistan is concerned.

As Afghan President Hamid Karzai prepares to travel to Washington next week, Pentagon officials hope the upcoming visit will lead to an improvement in ties between the two countries.

According to the Los Angeles Times, lawmakers, military officers and other officials are looking closely at the Marja campaign and its aftermath for lessons that can be applied to the upcoming offensive in Kandahar.

American officials have said that they will try to build up and improve local government in Kandahar concurrently with military operations in the city.

Brigadier General. John W. Nicholson Jr., who directs the Pentagon”s Pakistan-Afghanistan Coordination Cell, called Marja a “work in progress, but trending in the right direction.” (ANI)

Captured Baradar providing clues on Taliban

Washington, May 6 (ANI): Captured Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar is providing important information to American officials on the inner workings of the Taliban.

According to the New York Times, these pivotal insights will help the United States look for ways to end the war in Afghanistan.

Baradar, the second-ranking Taliban leader, was arrested in January outside Karachi, in a joint operation by American and Pakistani intelligence agents.

Officials, however, said that Baradar has not revealed details of Taliban combat operations, yielding little that American commanders would like to know as they prepare for a military operation around Kandahar, the Taliban’s spiritual base and Afghanistan’s second largest city.

He has provided his American interrogators with a nuanced understanding of the strategy that the Taliban’s supreme leader, Mullah Muhammad Omar, is developing for negotiations with the government of President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan, who is visiting Washington next week.

He is also offering a more detailed understanding of what prompted Mullah Omar to issue a new code of conduct for militants last year that directed fighters to avoid civilian casualties.

American officials say the code was meant to project a softer image to the Afghan people.

Four American military, intelligence and diplomatic officials provided details of Mullah Baradar’s cooperation, but requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the delicate intelligence interrogations. (ANI)