Mediterranean algae lost their tropical element between 5 and 7 mln yrs ago

Washington, July 8 (ANI): A new research has suggested that Coralline algae in the Mediterranean Sea lost their tropical element between 5 and 7 million years ago.

The international team of researchers studied the coralline algae fossils that lived on the last coral reefs of the Mediterranean Sea between 7.24 and 5.3 million years ago.

The research team from the University of Granada (UGR) and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italia) show coralline algae distribution patterns in the west and centre of the Mediterranean Sea (in Salento, Italy and Almería, Spain) by way of a fossil register of 21 species collected in the two areas.

The study describes and interprets the disappearance of the last Messinian coral reefs (between 7.24 and 5.3 million years ago) in the Mediterranean Sea.

“In subsequent, more recent eras, this sea has not had the right oceanographic conditions (above all a high enough temperature) to house coral reefs,” said Juan C. Braga, the chief author and a researcher at the Stratigraphy and Paleontology Department of the UGR.

During the period studied by the scientists through the coralline algae fossils found in the Mediterranean, the last few reefs boasted very little coralline diversity.

“This is the result of the long history of global cooling over the last 20 million years and the isolation (separation) of the Mediterranean from the Indian Ocean, some 15 million years ago,” according to the research.

According to the results of the research, the relative abundance of coralline algae in reefs and slope deposits is 1-5 percent and 18 percent lower respectively in the Sorbas basin (Almería) than in Salento (Italy).

Furthermore, the main components of the coralline algae assemblages found in shallow water are extant species that are very common in the Mediterranean.

“Just like reef corallines, algae flora reflects the cooling of the Mediterranean and its isolation from the Indian Ocean, and only a few tropical biotas existed in the Messinian era. Moreover, most of them already had Atlantic affinities and resembled the algae that still inhabits our coasts today,” said Braga.

The Mediterranean-Atlantic characteristics of Messinian reef corallines therefore reflect the decrease in tropical biotas that occurred during the Miocene (around 20 million years ago).

According to the research team, the widespread decline of this type of algae was due to global cooling and the isolation of the Mediterranean during the middle Miocene. (ANI)

La dolce vita with Swiss precision

Lugano, Switzerland – The southern Swiss city of Lugano, on the shores of Lake Lugano in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, blends grandezza and la dolce vita with Swiss precision. In spring, snow-capped Alpine peaks and Mediterranean palms are mirrored side by side in the lake. So, too, do the city’s languages, cultures and mentalities merge in a way that is truly unique.

“Signora” Lugano is, in short, a study in contrasts: modern and narrow-minded, industrious and indolent, effervescent and drowsy, and, despite some architectural eyesores, still beautiful.

The city’s Mediterranean climate, lakeside location between the peaks of Monte Bre and Monte San Salvatore, and Italian flair coupled with Swiss order and tidiness make it a magnet for visitors, especially from the north side of the Alps. Despite Lugano’s business efficiency, life there seems easier, cheerier and more colourful than in northern Switzerland.

On Via Nassa, the main shopping street in Lugano’s “centro storico” or historic centre, fashion designers’ and jewellers’ pricey boutiques are lined up like pearls on a string. Some pieces of jewellery and watches in the displays cost hundreds of thousands of euros.

The items find buyers. Lugano is a wealthy city – the beneficiary of decades of flourishing tourism and Switzerland’s third most important financial centre. Wealthy Italians, mainly, stash their millions in the city’s banks.

A Ferrari or Maserati is nothing special, hardly drawing a glance in front of the five-star Grand Hotel Villa Castagnola. At the foot of Monte Bre facing Monte San Salvatore, the venerable establishment seems to have sprung from a story by German writer Hermann Hesse, who lived in Ticino near Lugano.

The hotel, with many historic salons and a luxuriant palm garden, was once the summer residence of a noble Russian family. Today it is a meeting place for Lugano’s high society.

You can also come across the city’s well-to-do in the gourmet lakeside restaurants and posh piano clubs. After supper, they as well as people of more modest means, stroll through the lakeshore Parco Civico, a municipal park featuring illuminated water fountains and old-fashioned pedal boats, to the plaza that is Lugano’s “salotto,” or parlour.

“The Piazza della Riforma is our living room,” remarked Gianfranco, a waiter.

There, in front of the Renaissance facade of the town hall and its meticulously-tended geranium beds, people get together in a cafe over an espresso or aperetivo in the afternoon, and over a glass of Ticino’s own red Merlot in the evening. The locals discuss games played by their beloved ice-hockey club, seven-time Swiss champion HC Lugano, while tourists make plans for the next day.

Funicular rides up Monte Bre and Monte San Salvatore are popular, as are lake cruises on the old-fashioned boats of the Societa Navigazione del Lago di Lugano or Lake Lugano Navigation Company.

You can sail from the main landing place to the picturesque Ticino village of Morcote, which clings to the slopes of Monte Arbostora. Even on hot days, the rather strenuous climb to the church of Santa Maria del Sasso is worthwhile.

Other rewarding destinations are the former fishing village of Gandria; the casino in the town of Campione d’Italia, on the Italian side of the lake; and the markets in Porlezza and Ponte Tresa.

Internet: www. myswitzerland. com, www. lugano-tourism. ch. (dpa)

Lance Armstrong’s injury will take eight weeks to heal: Surgeon

London, Mar.26 (ANI): Cycling champion Lance Armstrong’s broken collarbone will take at least eight weeks to heal, a surgeon who operated on him, has said.

Seven-time Tour de France champion Armstrong yesterday had successful surgery on the injury he suffered in a crash on Monday.

Armstrong, 37, had a five-inch stainless steel plate and 12 screws inserted to repair the collarbone, which was broken in four places.

“Normally we see eight to 12 weeks for something like this to heal completely,” the Daily Express quoted Dr. Doug Elenz, an Austin orthopaedic surgeon, as saying.

That timeframe would appear to put Armstrong’s appearance in the Giro d’Italia – which starts on May 9 – in real jeopardy.

Before the operation, Armstrong was hopeful of riding in the Giro.

Dr Elenz revealed Armstrong’s injury was more complex than first thought, the surgery taking almost three hours. (ANI)

Doctors warn of ‘worrying’ health advertising on Google

London, Mar 20 (ANI): Google needs to keep a strict check on the its advertisements and suggested links to avoid providing users with web pages that contain dubious medical claims, warn doctors.

While writing in British Medical Journal, Dr Marco Masoni from the University of Florence in Italy revealed that as the internet is not well policed and regulated, it is up to members of the medical community to be vigilant and to suggest improvements.

Google AdWords is a service that matches key search terms to related advertising.

Through it, users can create advertisements, choose their own key words, and decide which Google queries their advertisements should match.

However, according to Masoni, Google’s automated matching to search terms sometimes places inappropriate advertisements.

Masoni revealed that he and his colleagues recently used Google Italia to search on the keyword “aloe” and found sponsored links to websites recommending aloe arborescens for the prevention and treatment of cancer and offering it for sale.

Although Google has improved its filters and automatically pulls ads from pages with disturbing content, the authors said more is required.

Google has often said that it wishes to enter the healthcare arena in many ways.

The research team said: “We think that a necessary first step for Google is to improve its filters and algorithms so as to prevent possible harm to its users.”

“The internet has brought the canon of medical knowledge into the hands and homes of ordinary people, and this should be welcomed and encouraged as good for patients and doctors alike,” said Joanne Shaw from NHS Direct.

“It is true that the Internet may be a further source of alarm for the worried well, but equally it encourages early presentation and action that could improve survival and reduce complications from long term conditions,” she added. (ANI)

Search to be carried out for long-missing Norwegian explorer’s plane

Search to be carried out for long-missing Norwegian explorer's plane Oslo – Norwegian defence forces said Monday they would take part in a search for the plane of famed Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen who went missing in
1928.

Amundsen (1872-1928) became a national hero in Norway after leading an expedition to the geographic South Pole in 1911, beating Britain’s Robert F Scott in an epic race.

The Norwegian joined in a search for Italian airship Italia piloted and designed by Umberto Nobile that was reported missing in May 1928 after flying over the North Pole.

Nobile, an Italian engineer who also designed the airship Norge, and nine surviving crew members were later rescued from an ice floe off the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago.

Amundsen’s seaplane Latham with several French crew members disappeared without a trace in June 1928 en route from Tromso, northern Norway to Spitsbergen.

A theory is that the seaplane crashed near Bear Island, the southernmost island in the Svalbard archipelago.

The Norwegian navy said it would deploy the KNM Tyr, equipped with modern sonar and other equipment during the two-week operation planned to begin at the end of August.

The coast guard was also to deploy a vessel in the search. Other partners include the Norwegian Aviation Museum, Kongsberg Maritime that has developed an autonomous underwater vehicle to study the sea bottom, and Berlin-based TV production company Context TV.

In recent years several expeditions have been launched to find the wreckage of the missing plane. (dpa)