Taliban hit Afghan police posts; free 23 prisoners

Afghanistan (Reuters) – Taliban guerrillas staged a series of raids in western Afghanistan Sunday, blowing up the gate of a jail and freeing 23 insurgent prisoners, officials said.

Ousted in a U.S.-led invasion in 2001, the Taliban have made a comeback in recent years, dealing heavy losses to Afghan and foreign forces and carrying out brazen attacks on key locations, including in the capital.

Insurgents attacked four police posts leading to the center of Farah town early Sunday, said Mohammad Younus Rasooli, the governor of western Farah province, bordering Iran.

“They kept the police preoccupied and the same time blew up the gate of Farah’s jail, which resulted in the escape of 23 prisoners,” Rasooli told Reuters by phone.

Four of the inmates were immediately arrested because they had suffered wounds in the escape, he said, adding seven more were captured.

A policeman was killed during the incident, which lasted several hours, he said.

A spokesman for the Taliban, Qari Mohammad Yousuf, confirmed that members of the movement were behind the attacks.

(Reporting by Sharafuddin Sharafyar; writing by Sayed Salahuddin; Editing by David Fox)

Taliban hit Afghan police posts; free 23 prisoners

HERAT, Afghanistan, July 18 (Reuters) – Taliban guerrillas staged a series of raids in western Afghanistan on Sunday, blowing up the gate of a jail and freeing 23 insurgent prisoners, officials said.

Ousted in a U.S.-led invasion in 2001, the Taliban have made a comeback in recent years, dealing heavy losses to Afghan and foreign forces and carrying out brazen attacks on key locations, including in the capital.

Insurgents attacked four police posts leading to the centre of Farah town early on Sunday, said Mohammad Younus Rasooli, the governor of western Farah province, bordering Iran.

“They kept the police preoccupied and the same time blew up the gate of Farah’s jail, which resulted in the escape of 23 prisoners,” Rasooli told Reuters by phone.

Four of the inmates were immediately arrested because they had suffered wounds in the escape, he said, adding seven more were captured.

A policeman was killed during the incident, which lasted several hours, he said.

A spokesman for the Taliban, Qari Mohammad Yousuf, confirmed that members of the movement were behind the attacks. (Reporting by Sharafuddin Sharafyar; writing by Sayed Salahuddin; Editing by David Fox) (For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: here) (sayed.salahuddin@thomsonreuters.com; Kabul newsroom: +93 799 335 285)) (If you have a query or comment about this story, send an e-mail to news.feedback.asia@thomsonreuters.com)

Afghanistan not prepared to go 10 years back, says Afghan MP

Kabul, June 6(ANI): Afghanistan’s Member of Parliament, Fawzia Kofi, has said that the nation or the Hamid Karzai-led Government is not ready to accept any path which threaten to throw the country back in time.

Kofi’s comments came after the Afghan’s Consultative Peace Jirga outlined a path for Karzai to negotiate with the Taliban, which included removal of senior Taliban figures from a United Nations blacklist and strengthening of Islamic law.

“This nation is not prepared to go 10 years back,” The Globe and Mail quoted Kofi, as saying.

“The delegates showed that they have already been influenced by Talibanization, making sure the insurgents’ ideology is included in these proposals. We cannot offer impunity to these people. They need to be equal before the law,” she added.

The jirga advised the government to act “immediately” on seeking the removal of the names of militant leaders from a blacklist drawn up by the UN Security Council in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the US.

The list designated Taliban and Al-Qaeda leaders, who were then based in Afghanistan, as terrorists, and helped to provide a UN-sanctioned justification for the US-led invasion of the country in November 2001. (ANI)

‘Hacker stole and posted MJ kids’ videos on You Tube’

New York, May 16 (ANI): The videos of Michael Jackson’s children Blanket and Paris were stolen and posted by a hacker, the Jackson family has alleged.

Alejandra Jackson, ex-wife of Jermaine Jackson, said that case was “a terrible invasion of our family privacy.”

“My home computer was hacked into by an unknown source and this is currently under legal investigation,” the New York Daily News quoted Jackson as telling People magazine.

The videos also feature some of Alejandra’s own children too. She has three kids – Jermajesty, Jaafar, Donte, Genevieve and Randy, Jr – with Jermaine.

She added: “The people who have unlawfully released this material are trying to portray my kids as bad children.

“They are not. In these videos, they are simply playing and pretending, like all kids do. My children and I feel horrible about this and sincerely hope the hackers will be stopped.” (ANI)

Pak jockeying for influence in Afghanistan post US withdrawal dangerous for region

Lahore, Mar. 22 (ANI): The exit of US troops from Afghanistan without a functioning democratic set-up in place, and Pakistan constantly vying for influence in the war-torn country, has all the ingredients of a recipe for disaster, the Daily Times opines.

The Bush administration’s 2003 strategy was “good for invasion and occupation, but reconstruction, rehabilitation and development of a war-ravaged society needs much more than the highly sophisticated war machinery,” the paper points out.

However, the Obama administration is hoping to compel the Taliban to come to the negotiating table after weakening them through a surge in troops and aggressive offensives in areas under their control.

It is not clear whether this strategy will succeed, the editorial points out.

What is clear, however, is that all parties involved in have changed their attitudes towards the Taliban, it says.

Even before the US announced the surge in troops, the Karzai government opened negotiations with the Taliban through Saudi mediation and offered them incentives on the condition that they renounce militancy, cut off ties with al Qaeda and accept the Afghan constitution.

Meanwhile, in an attempt to reinsert itself in the scheme of things, Pakistan started arresting top Taliban leaders who were going to play a major role in the Afghan Govt.-Taliban negotiation, it adds.

Former UN envoy to Afghanistan, Kai Eide, had said that the arrest of these leaders has “halted” the secret talks being led by the Afghan government through the UN.

“Given the critical situation, this jockeying for influence in Afghanistan is very dangerous for the entire region. Therefore, it is imperative for all parties involved to step back, take a deep breath, and come to a semblance of sanity for the sake of peace in Afghanistan and the entire region,” the editorial concludes. (ANI)

Factbox: Military and civilian deaths in Iraq

(Reuters) – A U.S. soldier was killed and two others were wounded on Saturday in an attack on their base in Diyala province, the U.S. military said in a statement.

World

Following are the latest figures for soldiers and civilians killed in Iraq since the U.S.-led invasion in March 2003:

U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES:

United States 4,382

Britain 179

Other nations 139

IRAQIS:

Military Between 4,900 and 6,375#

Civilians Between 95,606 and 104,304*

# = Think-tank estimates for military under Saddam Hussein killed during the 2003 war. No reliable official figures have been issued since new security forces were set up in late 2003.

* = From www.iraqbodycount.net (IBC), run by academics and peace activists, based on reports from at least two media sources. The IBC says on its website the figure underestimates the true number of casualties.

The U.S.-led military coalition toll includes casualties from Iraq and the surrounding area where troops are stationed.

(Writing by David Cutler, London Editorial Reference Unit)

Taliban militants killed in Pakistan chopper attack

Helicopter gunships have pounded Taliban hideouts in Pakistan’s north-western tribal district overnight, killing at least 13 militants.

Pakistani officials say the shelling destroyed three militant hideouts and two houses of Taliban commanders in the Orakzai region.

The gunships targeted hideouts in Ferozkhel, a village on the outskirts of Kalyal, the main town in Orakzai region.

The demolished houses of the two Taliban commanders were also being used as militant training centres, he said.

“At least 13 militants were killed in the attacks,” administrative official Asmatullah Khan said.

Under US pressure, Pakistan has in the past year significantly increased operations against militants in its north-west and tribal belt, which Washington has branded an Al Qaeda “headquarters” and the most dangerous region on Earth.

The rugged tribal terrain became a stronghold for hundreds of extremists who fled neighbouring Afghanistan after the US-led invasion in late 2001.

Washington says the militants use Pakistan’s semi-autonomous tribal belt to plot and stage attacks in Afghanistan, where more than 120,000 NATO and US troops are helping Afghan forces battle the Taliban.

- AFP

Archaeologists identify oldest part of China’s Great Wall

Beijing, Mar.10 (ANI): Chinese archaeologists have identified the route of a 137-km stretch of China”s oldest Great Wall in central Henan Province, on which the remnants of 30 km of wall is still standing.

“The wall structure was built no later than 221 B.C. in the Warring States period,” China.org quoted Sun Yingmin, a spokesman of the provincial Cultural Relics Bureau.

Sun said an archaeological survey since 2008 led to the finding of the Great Wall structure, which runs mainly east to west, spanning 25 counties and districts in the province.

Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who reigned from 247 B.C. to 210 B.C., has long been credited with building the Great Wall. Actually, he linked up the different sections of the wall built by different states during the Warring States Period.

Construction and repairs continued from the Qin to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

Historical records show as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu, one of the seven major powers, had constructed the Great Wall to prevent invasion from the northern states such as Wei.

Sun said the research in Henan proved most parts of the Great Wall of Chu had been built in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), and small parts built in the Warring State Period (475-221 B.C.). (ANI)

Nude photo distribution by Brendan Fevola ”violated” me: Lara Bingle

Melbourne, Mar 8 (ANI): Lara Bingle has confessed that she felt ”exploited” after ex-flame AFL star Brendan Fevola released her nude photo.

Bingle is suing Fevola for circulating her nude picture taken in a shower.

The pic was published in last week”s Woman”s Day magazine.

However, Bingle has come forward to do a “tell-all” interview with the same magazine, for a reported 200,000 dollars fee.

Her agent said that she would be donating the amount to charity.

“When I found out about it, I just felt like I had been violated,” News.com.au quoted her as telling the magazine.

She added: “I do blame him (Fevola). It was a complete betrayal at a time of my life when I trusted him. I was vulnerable and it was a total mistake to trust him.”

Bingle revealed she is suing Fevola, since she wants to send a “strong message” to others not to exploit women.

She added: “It is important for me to try and restore my own sense of dignity and self-respect by taking control of the situation and showing everyone that it is not cool or funny to send an unauthorised nude photo of someone to your friends.

“I also feel exploited and compromised by the release of a photograph I never gave permission to him to take – and one he promised he had deleted when he realised how upset I was that he would do that.

“It should never have been taken in the first place. It was definitely an invasion of my privacy and I had always understood it had been deleted.”

Bingle is currently dating Australian cricketer Michael Clarke. (ANI)

FACTBOX-Military deaths in Afghanistan

March 1 (Reuters) – A British soldier has died from wounds from an explosion in Helmand province, taking the number of British dead to 266.

Here are figures for foreign military deaths in Afghanistan caused by violence or accidents since the U.S.-led invasion in 2001:

NATO/U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES:

United States 1,007

Britain 266

Canada 140

France 40*

Germany 36**

Denmark 31***

Spain 28

Italy 22

Netherlands 21

Other nations 77

TOTAL: 1,668

NOTES:

* Figures supplied by French military.

** Figures supplied by German Ministry of Defence.

*** Figures supplied by Danish Central Command, includes one suicide.

Sources: Reuters/icasualties (www.icasualties.org/oef), compiled from official figures. (Writing by David Cutler, London Editorial Reference Unit)

Over-expressed protein may make non-invasive breast cancer invasive

Washington, Sep 9 (ANI): An over-expressed protein can convert active but non-invasive breast cancer into a different cell type, and thereby turn it into invasive breast cancer, according to scientists at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

The researchers say that overexpression of the protein 14-3-3? (zeta) launches a molecular cascade that removes bonds that tie the pre-malignant cells together, and hold them in place, converting them from stationary epithelial cells to highly mobile mesenchymal-like cells.

This epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a crucial step in metastasis, the spread of cancer to distant organs that causes 90 percent of all cancer deaths.

“We have discovered a key molecular mechanism for the deadly transition of non-invasive breast cancer into invasive disease,” said senior author Dr. Dihua Yu.

The researchers have shown that the zeta protein teams up with the oncoprotein ErbB2, also known as HER2, in a two-hit process to convert normal mammary cells to invasive cancer cells.

The findings of the study also provided a biomarker in zeta to identify high-risk patients for more aggressive treatment before their noninvasive breast cancer converts to invasive disease.

The researchers also got new therapeutic targets among the components of the molecular pathway launched by zeta.

According to Yu, some drugs already aim at these targets.

In addition, they found a solution to a puzzling mystery about how a subset of non-invasive breast cancer with excessive presence of an ErbB2/HER2 develops into invasive breast cancer.

Earlier, the researchers showed that zeta is over-expressed in many other cancer types, like lung, liver, uterine, stomach cancers.

“Our findings might have broader implications relating to the mechanism of invasion and metastasis in other types of cancer,” Yu said.

The researchers said that it would be very challenging to target zeta by drugs because it also regulates other important proteins in normal cellular processes.

The study has been published in the journal Cancer Cell. (ANI)

KNP to hold Black Day on Oct.22

London, Sep.8 (ANI): The Supreme Council of the KNP held an important meeting in Luton on September 6, which was presided by the party Chairman Abbas Butt. The meeting discussed and analysed the current situation of the Kashmiri struggle and made important decisions.

The Supreme Council strongly condemned the government of Pakistan’s latest attempts to grab territory which is legal part of State of Jammu and Kashmir. The SC said Pakistani governments have never been sincere with the cause of Kashmir and always have formulated policies to snatch Kashmir; and have deliberately deprived people of their fundamental human rights.

The SC said people of Gilgit Baltistan deserve to have their basic human rights which have been denied since 1947; but no one should be allowed to implement their imperialist designs in name of giving rights to people of the region. The KNP leaders said, if Pakistani authorities were sincere they could have discussed the issue with the people of the region and given these rights without making the region a ‘province’ of Pakistan.

PPP government claims to advance rights of people and democracy, but their policies are designed to deprive people of basic rights and advance undemocratic and unconstitutional practises. They tried to make Pakistani Administered Kashmir a province after the Shimla Pact and they plan to make Gilgit Baltistan a province and pave way for division of Jammu and Kashmir.

KNP leaders said some people of Jammu and Kashmir hold Black Day on 27th October, as that is the day when Indian army landed in Kashmir. KNP leaders said in our opinion their wisdom is misdirected. We have to look at the root cause. Indian army came after the tribal invasion and subsequent ‘Provisional Accession’.

KNP Supreme Council said, ‘It was the Pakistani tribesmen supported by the Pakistani government of the time which violated the Standstill Agreement and invaded parts of the State territory. It was these tribesmen which contravened the State sovereignty and killed thousands of innocent Kashmiri men and women. It was because of this unprovoked and unjustified attack on our sovereignty which seriously threatened life, honour and property of people that the Maharaja was compelled to seek help from India.

KNP leaders said we have serious issues with India on their Kashmir policy, as we believe Kashmir is not their internal part; but as for the Black Day is concerned we should have Black Day on 22 October because this is the day when our troubles and miseries started.

KNP SC has decided to take a lead on this matter and hold a BLACK DAY on 22 October; and in this regard various responsibilities have been given to Dr Shabir Choudhry and Nawaz Majid who will liaise with other like minded people and parties. The meeting was addressed by ZubairAnsari, Nazam Bhatti, Nawaz Majid, Asim Mirza, Abbas Butt and Dr Shabir Choudhry.

Earlier KNP held an Iftar Party in which more than eighty people were present; among them were leaders and political activists of various Kashmiri parties who spoke against the new package for Gilgit and Baltistan and condemned designs of Pakistani government. In the meeting pro Pakistan and nationalist leaders were present, and they all strongly spoke against this new package and demanded that it must be taken back.

A unanimous resolution was passed which strongly criticised the new package and demanded from government of Pakistan to withdraw it as it will seriously damage our struggle for right of self determination. The resolution fully supported fundamental rights of people of Gilgit Baltistan; but added that the State of Jammu and Kashmir is one political entity and it must not be divided. (ANI)

Once a hub of Buddhism, Pak today bereft of even relics of Gandhara civilization

Karachi, Aug.18 (ANI): The Buddhist religion is virtually extinct in Pakistan, as there is not even a single monastery in the country which once remained a hub of Buddhism.

Pakistan, where the Gandhara civilization is believed to have flourished, holds an eminent place in the Buddhist theology. However, due to continuous suppression and disregard over the years the religion slowly died out from the region.

The Goethe-Institute of Pakistan organized a visual presentation of Buddhist relics on Monday in order to arouse interest and create awareness regarding Buddhism.

The presentation which was delivered by Department of Archaeology and Museums, Assistant Director, Mehmood-ul-Hassan, focused on the life of Siddhartha Gautama Buddha and the development of the Buddhism in the region, The Daily Times reports.

Hassan said Buddhism was heavily destroyed in the region after the invasion of White Huns. Following the invasion Buddhists started migrating to Far-East Asia.

He said second Buddha was born in Swat and that is the reason why the Valley region was rich with Buddhist relics.

He urged the government to introduce courses of arts and heritage in the schools and colleges so that students could know about their culture and heritage.

“We have no other option but to save these relics, these are our cultural identities,” said Hassan. (ANI)

Worm study provides new model to study invasive cancer

Washington, August 18 (ANI): A single cell’s behaviour during the development of the reproductive tract in the C. elegans worm is providing scientists with significant insights into cancer’s deadly ability to put down roots in new tissues after spreading throughout the body, say researchers.

David Sherwood, a Duke University biologist, has spent several years studying the mechanics of a single cell in the developing body of the worm.

He points out that it is called the anchor cell, and one of its jobs is to connect the developing animal’s uterus with its vulva, a crucial step in ensuring the worm’s fertility.

To establish this slender connection, the anchor cell must work its way through two layers of basement membrane, a dense, sheet-like barrier structure lining most tissues, including the epithelial cells in humans that are the hosts of many cancers.

Writing about their study in the journal Developmental Cell, Sherwood has described how the nematode’s anchor cell uses a series of molecular signals to create a stretched opening in the membrane.

He and his colleagues believe that the process is essentially the same as the one that cancer cells use to invade new tissues.

The researchers say that, together, these molecules-called integrin and netrin-may be a valuable new target in the efforts to halt cancer’s spread via metastasis.

“Metastasis accounts for most of cancer’s lethality. It’s the most essential step in cancer progression, but it’s the least understood,” said Sherwood, who is an assistant professor of biology at Duke.

To push a hole through the basement membranes, the worm’s anchor cell forms several lancet-like points, called puncta. They look remarkably like a structure seen in cancer cells called invadopodia that are believed to have the same function, but modeling this part of metastasis in the lab has proven impossible so far because nobody has figured out how to make a basement membrane in a dish.

Sherwood says that the abundant, cheap, rapidly multiplying worms and their basement membranes enabled his team to do a variety of experiments to narrow down the genes and molecular signals in play.

He said that with the aid of newly developed imaging technologies, he and his colleagues could actually watch as the cell invasion occurs.

“In vivo, you’re dealing with individual cancer cells moving around the body. It is very hard to watch that. And then asking the cancer cell ‘what genes are you using to do that?’ is even more difficult,” Sherwood said.

He says that the latest set of findings suggest that integrin helps the anchor cell orient itself toward the basement membranes, and that it also directs netrin to build the puncta in the proper place to ease an opening through.

The researcher says that what is even more interesting about the two molecules it that they are outside the cell, which makes them easier to target with possible drug therapy.

Sherwood says that there are about 100 genes that seem to prevent cell invasion, and that his team is searching for those that might be the most effective.

He has revealed that the group is presently examining how a gene called SPARC, known to be over-active in cancer cells, helps the anchor cells invade.

He said they would like to know how the cell turns on “invasiveness” to understand the best way to interrupt this potentially lethal behaviour. (ANI)

Global warming may spell demise of key salt marsh constituent

Washington, July 14 (ANI): A new research has shown that global warming may exact a toll on salt marshes in New England, with one key constituent of marshes being especially endangered.

Pannes are waterlogged, low-oxygen zones of salt marshes.

According to Keryn Gedan, a graduate student and salt marsh expert at Brown University, despite the stresses associated with global warming, pannes are “plant diversity hotspots,”

“At least a dozen species of plants known as forbs inhabit these natural depressions,” Gedan said.

The species include the purple flower-tipped plants Limonium nashii (sea lavender), the edible plant Salicornia europaea (pickleweed) and Triglochin maritima, a popular food for Brent and Canada geese as well as ducks and other migratory waterfowl.

Gedan and her adviser, Mark Bertness, chair of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department at Brown, decided to find out how global warming may affect pannes.

In a series of experiments, the pair subjected plots of forb pannes to air as much as 3.3 degrees Celsius (about 6 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the surrounding area.

They found that the plants in the test plots responded initially by growing more but then began a rapid die-off. As they died, they were replaced by a salt marsh grass, Spartina patens.

At two sites – Nag Creek (Prudence Island, Rhode Island), and Little River (Maine) – the forbs covered less than 10 percent of the plot, from 50 percent originally, in tests that spanned the summer from 2004 to 2006.

At the third site, Drakes Island (Maine), the forb pannes cover decreased from 50 percent of the plot to 44 percent (a 12-percent decline) in just the summer of 2007.

The researchers believe the forbs disappeared due to changes in the plant-water balance in the zone.

What that means, Gedan explained, is the warmer air causes the forbs to take in more water, thus making the area less waterlogged and more hospitable to an invasion by Spartina patens, which prefers less water-soaked conditions.

“The forbs basically engineer themselves out of their habitat by making it more favorable for their competitor,” said Gedan.

The Brown experiments “demonstrate that New England salt marsh pannes are extremely sensitive to temperature increases and will be driven to local and regional extinction with the temperature increases expected to occur in New England over the next century,” Bertness said. (ANI)

UK tabloid, Scotland Yard in fresh legal trouble over high profile phone taps

London, July 10 (ANI): Lawyers representing unidentified individuals from the world of politics, television and sport have said that their clients are considering suing the tabloid News of The World and Scotland Yard for refusing to come clean on a series of phone tapping episodes.

According to The Telegraph, the tabloid is alleged to have already paid over a million pounds in out-of-court settlements following the prosecution of Clive Goodman, the newspaper’s former royal editor, and Glenn Mulcaire, a private investigator.

They were jailed for hacking into the phone messages of aides to the Royal family two years ago.

Mulcaire admitted in the trial that he had also tapped the phones of model Elle Macpherson, Member of Parliament Simon Hughes, noted publicist Max Clifford and Gordon Taylor, the chief executive of the Professional Footballers’ Association.

But it has now emerged that hundreds more may have been targeted.

Those alleged to be on the hit list of desired victims included John Prescott, the former deputy prime minister; Tessa Jowell, the Minister for the Cabinet Office; Boris Johnson, the Mayor of London; actress Gwyneth Paltrow and Nigella Lawson, the chef.

Graham Shear, a partner at law firm Teacher Stern, said a number of his clients, who include actors, sports stars and politicians, were now considering legal action. Mark Stevens, another prominent media lawyer, said he had also been contacted by a number of individuals investigating whether they could sue.

The individuals may take a private prosecution over alleged phone hacking, or sue News International, which publishes the newspaper, for a gross invasion of privacy.

Scotland Yard, however, has refused to reinvestigate the phone-hacking allegations, insisting there was no new evidence of wrongdoing.

News International defended its journalists and said it would not “shirk from vigorously defending our right and proper role to expose wrongdoing”. (ANI)

Bin Laden’s son describes his dad as evil in new memoir

Washington, July 10 (ANI): Al Qaeda chief Osama bin laden’s son, Omar, has described his father as an evil man in his new memoir.

According to the New York Daily News, Omar says that he first realized the depth of his father’s evil when his beloved dogs were taken away and gassed in a chemical warfare experiment.

Omar also confirms that his father was tipped off to a 1998 U.S. attempt to kill him.

He writes that Bin Laden got a secret communication and fled his Afghan camp two hours before cruise missiles struck it.

Omar’s book, “Growing Up Bin Laden,” written with his mother, Najwa – the Al Qaeda leader’s first wife – describes the ultimate dysfunctional family.

The Bin Ladens lived austerely as their father staked his horrific claim as the world’s most wanted man. His son eventually concluded Bin Laden hated his enemies more than he loved his family.

Omar, 28, describes himself as weeping as a teenager when told that Al Qaeda needed his pets to conduct chemical warfare tests.

“After I learned the truth about the puppies, I turned even further away from my father,” whose jihad led only to death, Omar writes in the book set for release by St. Martin’s Press later this year.

He calls the 9/11 attacks “horrific.”

They occurred after his best friend -Al Qaeda operative Abu al-Haadi – told him that a “new mission” would be much bigger than the embassy bombings.

Omar mourned al-Haadi’s death in the resulting U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. (ANI)

How plants use nitrogen to invade and take over native plants

Washington, July 7 (ANI): A research at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), US, gives important new information on how plants can change “nitrogen cycling” to gain nitrogen and how this allows plant species to invade and take over native plants.

In the research, UNL biologist Johannes Knops has demonstrated how one invasive plant species replaces native species because of its ability to take up and hold on to nitrogen.

Biologists know that nitrogen is crucial to plant growth that invasive species often grow better and acquire more nitrogen, but have been uncertain about which mechanism allows invasive species to gain an advantage.

Over seven years’ study at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in central Minnesota, Knops and PhD candidate Ramesh Laungani studied the nitrogen pool and fluxes in the ecosystem that included seven grassland and forest species, including the Eastern white pine, a species that is rapidly invading Minnesota prairies.

Over time, they discovered that the pine had accrued nearly twice as much biomass as the next most productive species, and more than three times as much biomass relative to the other species.

“The higher productivity of the white pine is caused by an increased biomass nitrogen pool that was not driven by increased ecosystem level nitrogen inputs,” Knops said.

“But we found the white pine takes up nitrogen and holds on to it much longer, with leads to an accumulation of much more nitrogen in the plant and a depletion of nitrogen in the soil. We concluded high nitrogen residence time was the key mechanism driving the significantly higher plant nitrogen pool and the high productivity of that species,” he added.

In other words, pines mine the soil for organic nitrogen, decrease soil fertility and use this nitrogen to outcompete other species.

According to Knops, the higher nitrogen residence time creates a positive feedback that redistributes nitrogen from the soil into the plant’s nitrogen cycling, and this strengthened the species to support its invasion.

“What this higher nitrogen residence time means is that the plant is taking nitrogen from the soil and using it to make the plant grow more efficiently, and it also gives them an upper hand in being able to invade other species,” he said.

This study is the first to study all together and pinpoint the mechanism that explains why this pine is a successful invader. (ANI)

Genetic key to breast cancer’s ability to survive and spread identified

Washington, July 7 (ANI): Scientists have found a genetic function behind breast cancer cells’ ability to survive and spread to the bone years after treatment has been administered.

Led by investigators at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), the study comes as scientists are looking for therapies to target this survival capacity and force the death of latent breast cancer cells before they get a chance to metastasize, or spread – a problem that accounts for a majority of breast cancer-related deaths.

The researchers used gene-expression profiling techniques, and found that breast cancer cells that infiltrate the bone marrow could survive over time, if they contained the gene product Src.

Src has known effects on cell mobility, invasion, and survival.

By genetically disabling Src activity in human breast cancer cells, it was possible to inhibit these cells from surviving in the bone marrow and forming metastases in mice.

The researchers also saw that treatment with the drug dasatinib inhibits the formation of bone metastasis by human breast cancer cells inoculated into mice.

“Our results should encourage oncologists to consider the study of Src inhibitors to attack reservoirs of disseminated, latent cancer cells and prevent metastasis in breast cancer patients after their tumour has been removed,” said the study’s senior author, Dr. Joan Massague.

The research has been published in the journal Cancer Cell. (ANI)

JKNPP opposes court’s verdict on legalising homosexual relations

New Delhi, July 4 (ANI): Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (JKNPP) workers on Saturday held a demonstration in front of the Parliament in New Delhi, to protest against Delhi High Court’s verdict that legalises homosexuality.

Bhim Singh, Chief of JKNPP, said the judgement, which legalises consensual sex among people of the same gender, ignores the feelings of majority of Indians.

“Two judges cannot change my destiny, two judges cannot change my law, two judges cannot change the will of the people,” said Bhim Singh.

Singh said legalisation of homosexuality equates to ‘cultural invasion’ and is against the ethos of Indian culture.

“What kind of philosophy you are transcending to the Indian families? This is a cultural invasion of India, which shall not be tolerated. That’s why Panther’s Party is giving this symbolic protest,” he added. (ANI)