The Bible’s ‘bad side’ – sexism, genocide

London, Sept 1 (ANI): Readers of a Christian website have identified biblical verses purportedly backing sexism, genocide and the slaughter of sorceresses as the holy book’s least endearing parts.

The survey lists the ten verses people would rather had been left out of the Bible in an attempt to show the dangers of quoting scripture selectively.

The online study was conducted by shipoffools.com, a humorous online magazine, reports The Times.

After receiving more than 1,000 responses, St Paul’s advice about whether women are allowed to teach men in church came top of the “Worst Verse” poll.

In 1 Timothy ii, 12, St Paul is quoted thus: “I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.”

Some conservative Christians have used the verse to justify opposition to women priests.

In second place is the order by Samuel, one of the early leaders of the Israelites, for his people to commit genocide: “This is what the Lord Almighty says … ‘Now go and strike Amalek and devote to destruction all that they have. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’” (1 Samuel xv, 3).

Moses’s indictment of witchcraft, in Exodus xxii, 18 came third: “Do not allow a sorceress to live.” Other disliked verses include Psalm 137, which features a line that is rarely spoken in church: “Happy is he who repays you for what you have done to us / He who seizes your infants and dashes them against the rocks.”

Another set of verses features in Judges xix, 20-25, when a man is trapped in his house by a hostile crowd and sends out his concubine to placate them. She is raped “throughout the night” and eventually returns to the house to collapse in the doorway. His response is simply to tell her to get up. “But there was no answer. Then the man put her on his donkey and set out for home.”

St Paul’s condemnation of homosexuality in Romans i, 27 is highlighted: “In the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their error.”

Other inclusions are: stories of parents, such as Abraham, undertaking to sacrifice their children in the name of God, along with the endorsement of female subservience in Ephesians v, 22 which states, “Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord,” and questionable advice to slaves in 1 Peter ii, 18: “Slaves, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to the good and gentle but also to the cruel.”

Simon Jenkins, editor of shipoffools.com, said: “It doesn’t have to be a textbook of infallible information and unbreakable laws to be God’s book. And it doesn’t have to be one big pile of lies because of its dodgy bits. In Chapter and Worse we are attempting to rescue it from rival takeover bids.” (ANI)

15pc preschoolers suffer from anxiety, depression: Canadian study

Washington, Aug 29 (ANI): Almost 15 pct of the preschoolers suffer from high levels of depression and anxiety, according to a Canadian study.

The five-year investigation showed that children with atypically high depression and anxiety levels are more likely to have mothers with a history of depression.

“As early as the first year of life, there are indications that some children have more risks than others to develop high levels of depression and anxiety,” said first author Sylvana M. Cote, a professor at the Universite de Montreal’s Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.

“Difficult temperament at five months was the most important predictor of depression and anxiety in the children,” Cote added.

During the study, the researchers examined 1,758 children born in Quebec.

“We found that lifetime maternal depression was the second most important predictor of atypically high depressive and anxiety problems during preschool years,” said Cote.

“Our study is the first to show that infant temperament and lifetime maternal depression can lead to a high trajectory of depressive and anxiety problems before school entry.

“It is critical that preventive interventions be experimented with infants who risk developing depressive and anxiety disorders.

“Health professionals should target such high risk children at infancy, as well as their parents, to have a long-term impact on their well-being,” Cote added.

The study is published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. (ANI)

UNICEF celebrates 200 episodes of Kyunki… Jeena Issi Ka Naam Hai.

New Delhi, Aug.28 (ANI): UNICEF recently celebrated the telecast of the 200th episode of its entertainment education serial Kyunki… Jeena Issi Ka Naam Hai on Doordarshan National.

A serial with all the emotional and dramatic twists and turns that make soaps so popular, Kyunki… has emerged as an innovative and effective agent for behavior change communication amongst Indian television viewers.

Watched by over 125 million viewers across India, the gripping social drama promotes life-enhancing, life-saving messages, critical to the welfare and survival of children and mothers everywhere.

From safe motherhood to HIV prevention, infant feeding to girls’ education, Kyunki promotes prosocial attitudes, behaviours, and practices that contribute directly to the reduction of infant and maternal mortality rates

Naysan Sahba, Programme Communication Specialist at UNICEF India Country Office, who conceptualized the serial says “When we began to work on the show’s concept about four years ago, at the height of the popularity of the saas-bahu sagas, everybody said impossible, there’s no audience for this. Well, we went ahead, carefully if courageously, and you can imagine our delight in that not only is our show doing well but a new wave of socially conscious TV serials, serials tackling hard-hitting issues effecting women and children, have followed suit and are taking the country by storm” .

Kyunki… has a rather unique viewership including unexpected regulars in the form of youngsters and men. A favorite of many across India, the serial is one of the top rankers in its primetime spot of 8:30 PM to 9 PM and is the leading daily soap on DD National.

Not shying away from taking up socially sensitive issues such as the ill effects of child marriage and early pregnancy, gender equality, proper use of contraceptives and prevention of HIV/AIDS, Kyunki… has been a catalyst in encouraging dialogues amongst young girls and families in rural India about things that they earlier had next to no say about.

Concurrent audience research shows that there has been a consistent increase in the number of viewers who say they intend to take action as a direct result of watching Kyunki…, including informing others about the importance of education, motivating children to join school, immunizing one’s own children and regularly washing hands with soap .

The serial has also become a helpful tool and an excellent reference point for frontline workers who promote positive changes in social and health behaviors through interpersonal communication. In depth interviews with health workers, teachers and other influencers has shown that Kyunki… in fact reinforces many of the same ideas they work with and introduces contemporary issues in an interesting, entertaining and practical manner. (ANI)

Girls’ fear of spiders may be genetic

London, Aug 28 (ANI): Even the sight of spiders and snakes makes some people yell and run – and women are more likely to get scared than men. Now, a new study has shown that females are genetically predisposed to fear creepy-crawlies and dangerous animals.

During the study, scientists found that baby girls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. However, baby boys remain blithely indifferent to this connection.

In an initial training phase, David Rakison, a developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, showed 10 baby girls and boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face.

In the following test phase, he let them watch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face.

Despite the spider’s happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the flower. The researchers took this to mean that the girls expected spiders to be linked with fear. The boys looked for an equal time at both images.

With a different group of babies, Rakison first showed a spider with a happy face, and a flower with a fearful face. Now the girls too looked at both images for the same length of time – implying that they did not have an inborn fear of spiders.

The results suggest that girls are more inclined than boys to learn to fear dangerous animals.

On the other hand, modern phobias such as fear of flying or injections show no sex difference, Rakison said.

He attributes the difference to behavioral differences between men and women among our hunter-gatherer ancestors. An aversion to spiders may help women avoid dangerous animals, but in men evolution seems to have favoured more risk-taking behaviour for successful hunting.

It makes evolutionary sense to acquire spider fear at a certain age, rather than to be born with it, Rakison said.

“There is little reason for an infant to fear an object unless it can respond to it, for example by crawling away,” New Scientist quoted him as saying.

The study has been published in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior. (ANI)

Mumbai building collapse: Case registered against shop owners

Mumbai, Aug 26 (ANI): A case has been registered against two shop owners after a portion of a four-storey residential building collapsed in Mumbai on Tuesday evening.

According to the police, Yunus Kasam Memon and Irfan Yusuf Memon, who own a shop of mobile handset covers, had allegedly added a staircase without seeking permission from the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA) and the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).

This led to collapse of the building ‘Yusuf Manzil’ at Lamington Road, they added.

Meanwhile, an 85-year-old woman, who was seriously injured, had died. Five others who were rescued suffered minor injuries and were treated at the hospital.

Among those rescued was a month-old infant.

Her condition was reported to be normal.

“We have rescued four people so far from the building. Of the four people, we have rescued a month-old infant and an 80-year-old woman,” said Pratap Damodar Kargupikar, Chief Fire Officer, Mumbai.

Milind Deora, who is the elected lawmaker from Central Mumbai, visited the spot and said that the actual cause could be ascertained only after the investigations.

“Some people say a shopkeeper began some illegal construction after pulling down the shutter of his shop. The authorities will enlighten you with the actual cause after the investigations,” he added. (ANI)

People with HIV, TB, malaria should not rely on homeopathy, says WHO

London, Aug 21 (ANI): The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned people with HIV, TB and malaria to stay away from the use of homeopathic medicines.

The WHO’s statement came following concerns of young researchers who fear that encouraging the use of homeopathy in developing countries could risk people’s lives.

A group called Voice of Young Science Network, which is part of the charity Sense About Science, had also campaigned for “evidence-based” care.he BBC quoted Dr Mario Raviglione, director, Stop TB department, WHO, as saying: “Our evidence-based WHO TB treatment/management guidelines, as well as the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care do not recommend use of homeopathy.”

Speaking on the use of Homeopathy to treat diarrhoea in children, a spokesman for the WHO department of child and adolescent health and development said: “We have found no evidence to date that homeopathy would bring any benefit.

“Homeopathy does not focus on the treatment and prevention of dehydration – in total contradiction with the scientific basis and our recommendations for the management of diarrhoea.”

Medics from the UK and Africa had written to the WHO in June asking the body to discourage the use of homeopathic treatment. They had said: “We are calling on the WHO to condemn the promotion of homeopathy for treating TB, infant diarrhoea, influenza, malaria and HIV.

“Homeopathy does not protect people from, or treat, these diseases.

“Those of us working with the most rural and impoverished people of the world already struggle to deliver the medical help that is needed.

“When homeopathy stands in place of effective treatment, lives are lost.”

Dr Robert Hagan, a biomolecular science researcher at the University of St Andrews and a member of Voice of Young Science Network, as saying: “We need governments around the world to recognise the dangers of promoting homeopathy for life-threatening illnesses.

“We hope that by raising awareness of the WHO’s position on homeopathy we will be supporting those people who are taking a stand against these potentially disastrous practices.”

Dr Nick Beeching, a specialist in infectious diseases at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, said: “Infections such as malaria, HIV and tuberculosis all have a high mortality rate but can usually be controlled or cured by a variety of proven treatments, for which there is ample experience and scientific trial data.

“There is no objective evidence that homeopathy has any effect on these infections, and I think it is irresponsible for a healthcare worker to promote the use of homeopathy in place of proven treatment for any life-threatening illness.” (ANI)

Infant dies of swine flu in Pune, toll rises to 18

Pune, Aug 13 (ANI): A nine-month-old baby succumbed to the deadly swine flu virus in Pune on Thursday taking the country’s swine flu death toll to 18.

According to sources, the infant, who was suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome, died at the Sahyadri Munot Hospital.

On Wednesday, a 48-year-old had succumbed to swine flu in Pune. This death was reported from the Sassoon General Hospital at around 4:30 p.m.

Earlier, a 50-year-old Neeta Meghani and a 33-year-old died in the same hospital.

Earlier in the day, a doctor and a 29-year-old woman had succumbed to the deadly virus in Nashik and Pune respectively.

In Nashik, 38-year-old doctor Rupesh Gangurde died at the Nashik Civil Hospital at around 2:30 a.m. this morning.

In Pune, Shrawani Deshpande died due to bilateral pneumonia following severe lung infection caused by the H1N1 virus at around the same time. 2:30 a.m.

Deshpande, a resident of Kothrud area, died at the Sasoon General Hospital.

Other swine flu deaths have occurred in Ahmedabad, Vadodra, Thane, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai. (ANI)

Indian-origin boffin offers potential new spinal muscular atrophy treatment

Washington, July 28 (ANI): A team of researchers led by Indian origin scientist has come up with a potential new treatment for spinal muscular atrophy, the second-leading cause of infant mortality in the world.

Ravindra Singh, associate professor in biomedical sciences at Iowa State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine said that more than 95 percent of the sufferers have a mutated or deleted gene called Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) that doesn’t correctly do its job of creating functional SMN proteins.

He suggested that replacing poor-performing gene with another gene could help treat the disease.

Humans need a certain level of SMN protein to ward off Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

When SMN1 fails to create functioning proteins, Spinal Muscular Atrophy is the result.

There is a gene already in humans that looks very much like SMN1, so much so that it’s called SMN2. The SMN2 gene doesn’t seem to serve any function that researchers can identify.

Singh has discovered a way of using SMN2 to produce the working SMN protein. When SMN2 makes enough SMN, it compensates for the mutated or malfunctioning SMN1 gene.

However, SMN2 doesn’t produce normal protein because of the presence of a specific intronic sequence in the gene or DNA.

To make SMN2 behave as SMN1, Singh has introduced a small antisense oligonucleotide that blocks this specific intronic sequence.

When the intronic sequence is blocked, SMN2 produces normal proteins and acts, in effect, like SMN1.

“The significance of our work is that we have this stuff called junk DNA in SMN2,” said Singh.

“We found that we could get SNM2 to behave as SMN1 by introducing a small oligonucleotide. It is a very simple experiment if you think about it,” he added.

The resulting proteins are normal just like a regular cell – free from Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

“Our cells are healthy and survive. From that point of view, this is a major achievement,” he added.

The study appears online in Landes Bioscience.(ANI)

Omega Nebula’s ‘watercolors’ revealed in new image

Munich, July 8 (ANI): A new image captured by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) has reveled the Omega Nebula, a stellar nursery where infant stars illuminate and sculpt a vast pastel fantasy of dust and gas, in all its glory.

The Omega Nebula, sometimes called the Swan Nebula, is a dazzling stellar nursery located about 5500 light-years away towards the constellation of Sagittarius (the Archer).

An active star-forming region of gas and dust about 15 light-years across, the nebula has recently spawned a cluster of massive, hot stars.

The intense light and strong winds from these hulking infants have carved remarkable filigree structures in the gas and dust.

When seen through a small telescope, the nebula has a shape that reminds some observers of the final letter of the Greek alphabet, omega, while others see a swan with its distinctive long, curved neck.

Swiss astronomer Jean-Philippe Loys de Cheseaux discovered the nebula around 1745. The French comet hunter Charles Messier independently rediscovered it about twenty years later and included it as number 17 in his famous catalogue.

In a small telescope, the Omega Nebula appears as an enigmatic ghostly bar of light set against the star fields of the Milky Way.

In recent years, astronomers have discovered that the Omega Nebula is one of the youngest and most massive star-forming regions in the Milky Way.

Active star-birth started a few million years ago and continues through today.

The newly released image, obtained with the EMMI instrument attached to the ESO 3.58-metre New Technology Telescope (NTT) at La Silla, Chile, shows the central region of the Omega Nebula in exquisite detail.

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has also imaged small parts of this nebula.

At the left of the image, a huge and strangely box-shaped cloud of dust covers the glowing gas.

The fascinating palette of subtle color shades across the image comes from the presence of different gases (mostly hydrogen, but also oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur) that are glowing under the fierce ultraviolet light radiated by the hot young stars. (ANI)

Cosmic ‘whips’ may be detected with gravitational waves

London, July 6 (ANI): A new research has determined that cosmic ‘whips’, which are topological defects in space-time larger than the observable universe, can be detected with the help of gravitational waves.

Many theories predict the existence of cosmic strings.

They say that space-time should have universe-sized snags called ‘cosmic strings’ running across it, but none have yet been found.

That could be because they broke into a tangle of smaller strings and beads soon after the big bang, say scientists.

The imprint of their extremely high gravity was expected to be seen in the cosmic microwave background – the radiation left over from the big bang – or as gravitational lenses that bend distant light towards us.

But, no convincing evidence has been seen.

Ben Shlaer of Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, and colleagues, told New Scientist that the lack of evidence could be because the strings were unstable and split into smaller and smaller pieces soon after they formed.

The first strings could have been gigantic closed loops or extremely large fragments that terminated in “beads”.

These beads would have been so-called monopoles – analogous to a magnet’s north or south pole without its partner.

As the strings broke, the team’s analysis shows that their split ends would have been capped off by more monopoles, eventually leading to a universe filled with fragmented strings with beads at their ends.

In an infant universe, these high-tension strings would have been whipping around, accelerating the massive beads to relativistic speeds.

These would have generated tight beams of gravitational waves, which could still be traveling through space-time.

“It’s possible that if you wait long enough, one of those highly focused bursts would hit the Earth, and that would cause one of our gravitational wave detectors to chirp,” said Shlaer.

The first cosmic strings were unstable and split into small pieces capped by monopoles.

Those detectors include the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory, which is currently being upgraded, and the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna.

“The possible frequency range of the waves is exceptionally large, “raising the hope of detection” of cosmic strings,” said theoretical physicist Henry Tye at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. (ANI)

Aborigine child abuse six times higher than non-Aborigine child abuse in Australia: Report

Darwin (Australia), July 3 (ANI): The latest two-yearly study of the Australian Government’s Productivity Commission damningly reveals that indigenous children are six times more likely to suffer abuse or neglect than non-indigenous children and 28 times more likely to wind up in jail.

According to The Australian, the report categorically reveals that there has been little or no improvement in many areas of social and economic inequality in spite of federal government promises to reduce indigenous disadvantage.

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has described findings of the report as devastating.

“We have to redouble and treble our efforts to make an impact,” Rudd said during the report’s release here on Thursday at a national meeting of federal, state and local government leaders.

The Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage report measured 50 indicators, including six areas targeted for improvement by federal and state governments since December 2007.

Their goals were to close the life expectancy gap within a generation, halve the difference in infant mortality and employment rates within a decade and improve indigenous education in three areas: early childhood; literacy and numeracy; and high school graduations.

On each of those counts, no significant improvements were recorded.

Although the employment rate rose from 43 per cent to 48 per cent among indigenous people in the five years to 2006, the rate remained 24 percentage points behind other Australians.

Similarly, high school graduation rates increased to more than a third but made no advance on the 74 per cent of non-indigenous people who completed year 12.

In reading, writing and numeracy, “there has been negligible change in indigenous students’ performance over the past 10 years and no closing of the gap,” the report found.

In other areas, the gulf between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians continued to grow.

Productivity Commission chairman Gary Banks said unacceptable disparities persisted in every area measured. (ANI)

WHO says TB vaccine too risky for HIV-infected infants

Geneva, July 1 (ANI): HIV-infected infants are at risk of contracting a deadly form of tuberculosis from the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, instead of receiving protection against the disease, according to research published today in the international public health journal, the Bulletin of the World Health Organization (WHO).

While the BCG vaccine is given to approximately 75 percent of newborn babies worldwide, a South African study has found that its harm may outweigh the benefits for HIV-infected infants.

The study recommends delaying vaccination until the infant’s HIV status is known.

“There is an urgent need to assess the risk versus benefits of this vaccine in settings where both HIV infection and tuberculosis burdens are high,” says co-author Professor Simon Schaaf, from the Desmond Tutu TB Centre at Stellenbosch University in South Africa.

The Bulletin of the World Health Organization is one of the world’s leading public health journals. It is the flagship periodical of the World Health Organization, with a special focus on developing countries.(ANI)

Billy Bob Thornton’s daughter charged with murder, manslaughter

London, June 26 (ANI): Actor-turned-musician Billy Bob Thornton’s estranged daughter Amanda Brumfield has been charged with murder and manslaughter after the death of one-year-old girl she was babysitting.

Amanda Brumfield, 29, from his marriage to first wife Melissa Gatlin – was arrested in May (09) following an incident last October (08), when the girl she was babysitting fell from a playpen and hit her head, reports the Daily Express.

It is alleged she did not call for help for two-and-a-half hours.

However, her mother claimed that Brumfield fell asleep with the infant – and it was only two hours later, when she awoke to find the baby’s still body, that she noticed something was terribly wrong and called for an ambulance.

“When you have a situation that does not indicate distress… there are no signs of distress, then there is no reason to immediately call police,” said Gatlin.

Meanwhile, Brumfield is being held without bail at Orange County Jail. (ANI)

Babies delivered before 39 weeks in womb have lower IQs

Toronto, June 24 (ANI): While babies born at 37 or 38 weeks are though to be full term, scientists have now found that such tots have slightly lower IQs, and a modestly higher risk of death in early infancy, as compared to those born after closer to 40 weeks in the womb.

Michael Kramer, a McGill University epidemiologist, says that the finding attains significance as births these days are increasingly induced after 37 or 38 weeks of pregnancy.

He points out that it has been assumed for years that a few weeks in the final month of pregnancy do not matter much to babies, his team have now found evidence that those extra weeks can make a difference.

While making a presentation at a conference in California this week, Dr. Kramer’s research associate Seungmi Yang revealed that the IQs of babies born at 37 weeks had been found to be 1.7 points lower than those of infants born at 39 or 40 weeks during their study.

Those seeing the presentation heard that the study involved 18,000 children who underwent cognitive testing at the age of six and a half.

“There was an increase in IQ from 37 to 40 weeks. The IQ score was highest at 40 weeks of gestational age,” the Globe and Mail quoted Dr. Yang, who works at the Research Institute of Montreal Children’s Hospital and McGill University Health Centre, as saying.

He further revealed that a similar finding surfaced when he and his colleague Xun Zhang examined the mortality rate of more 12 million babies born in the US, with those delivered at 37 and 38 weeks having a small, but significantly higher chance of dying as newborns.

The researcher revealed that infant mortality rates were highest for babies born at 37 weeks – 0.66 per 1,000 in the neonatal period and 1.68 per 1,000 in the post-neonatal period.

The rates decreased between 37 and 39 weeks, and remained stable for babies born at 40 weeks, at 0.34 per 1,000 for newborns and 1.03 per 1,000 later.

They also had an increased chance of neonatal seizures or other problems shortly after birth.

“Despite a low absolute risk of infant death at these gestational ages, the risks were more than 50 per cent higher at 37 weeks than at 40 weeks,” the researchers say in a research article, published in the Journal of Pediatrics.

Dr. Kramer conceded that those differences were relatively small, but insisted that they raised serious questions about whether inducing births at 37 and 38 weeks does more harm than good.

He stressed the need for a large clinical trial that would compare the outcomes of term births induced at different gestational ages for a variety of reasons and births that weren’t induced in similar circumstances. (ANI)

Healthy weaning diet is good for babies’ body composition

Washington, May 29 (ANI):Infants weaned on healthy home-cooked food grow up leaner, a new study has shown.

Separately, the study also found an association between longer periods of breastfeeding and low levels of fat mass.

However, the positive effects of a healthy weaning diet were independent of breastfeeding duration.

“Most studies linking infant feeding to later body composition focus on differences in milk feeding, but our study also considered the influence of the weaning diet,” said Dr. Siân Robinson, PhD, of the MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton in the United Kingdom and lead author of the study.

“We found that, independent of the duration of breastfeeding, children with higher quality weaning diets including fruits, vegetables, and home-prepared foods had a greater lean mass at four years of age,” Robinson added.

Robinson and colleagues assessed the diets of 536 children at six and 12 months of age. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire that was administered by trained research nurses to record the average frequency of consumption of specific foods.

The age at which solid foods were introduced into the infant’s diet was also recorded.

In this study ‘weaning’ is defined as the period of transition in infancy between diets based on milk feeding to one based on solid foods.

The subjects’ body composition was assessed at four years by dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Professor Cyrus Cooper, Director of the MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre,” said: These findings are enlightening. An influence of qualitative differences in the weaning diet on childhood body composition had not been described before.”

The study is published in The Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). (ANI)

37,000-year-old baby mammoth discovered

London, May 3 (ANI): The secrets of now extinct ice age beasts have been revealed after the discovery of a body of a 37,000-year-old baby mammoth.

The perfectly preserved frozen body was found in the artic tundra.

For 37,000 years, the baby mammoth has been kept locked in the rock hard permafrost of the Arctic tundra. It was discovered at the side of a river by reindeer herders on the Yamal Peninsula in northwest Siberia.

Clumps of brown hair still cling to the three-foot tall body, hinting at the coarse coat that would have once covered the infant, reports The Telegraph.

The bone month old female is helping scientists to unravel how the extinct ice age giants once lived.

Her stomach’s contents have provided scientists with valuable clues about what she and her fellow mammoths ate. The baby’s layers of fat and minerals in her teeth have provided an unprecedented insight into her health and the health of her herd.

Palaeontologists now believe the information they have gleaned from the remains can help them understand what led to the woolly mammoths’ ultimate extinction around 10,000 years ago.

It is thought that mammoths died out as they were unable to adapt to the changing world around them as temperatures soared at the end of the last ice age, although some experts believe they may have been hunted to extinction by humans.

“Mammoths were the largest and most widespread of the many animals that went extinct near the end of the last ice age,” said Dr Dan Fisher, a palaeontologist at the University of Michigan’s Museum of Palaeontology who helped to study the baby mammoth.

“This is the first time we have been able to do a detailed comparison of a mammoth’s tusk and tooth data with soft tissues from the rest of its body.

“Though she is not large, no other specimen preserves this much of the original anatomy. That makes her a remarkable scientific resource,” the expert added. (ANI)

Australian study links cot deaths to smoking

Sydney – We already know that smoking in pregnancy results in babies that are around 250 grams lighter than those born to mothers who did not smoke.

And we also know from the statistics that infants in homes where there are smokers are up to four times more likely to succumb to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) – more commonly called cot death.

Researchers in Australia believe they can explain how exposure to tobacco smoke impacts on the brains of babies.

“We think that there are certain effects on receptor systems within the brain that had led to this final mechanism of cell death,” said Sydney University’s Rita Machaalani.

In work just published in the journal Brain, Machaalani describes how she and her colleagues looked at the brain tissue of 67 infants who had undergone autopsies because their deaths were unexplained.

Such deaths, of which there are around 80 in Australia each year, are usually put down to SIDS.

To control for other factors, their findings were compared with an analysis of the brain tissue of 25 infants who had died suddenly but whose deaths were put down to a cause other than cot death.

They found that brain cell die-off was precipitated both by a pregnant woman smoking and by a mother exposing her infant to second-hand smoke. Cell death was in a region of the brain that regulates breathing and heart function.

“Smoking does change and affect their babies,” Machaalani said, noting that around 10 per cent of Australian women smoked during pregnancy. (dpa)

Nightly bedtime routine improves maternal mood, kids’sleep

Washington, May 1 (ANI): In the journal SLEEP, researchers have demonstrated that the use of a consistent bedtime routine contributes to improvements in multiple aspects of infant and toddler sleep, bedtime behavior and maternal mood.

Results indicate that the establishment of a nightly bedtime routine produced significant reductions in problematic sleep behaviors for infants and toddlers. Improvements were seen in latency and sleep onset and in the number and duration of night wakings.

Toddlers were less likely to call out to their parents or get out of their crib/bed during the night. Sleep continuity increased and there was a significant decrease in the number of mothers who rated their child’s sleep as problematic. Maternal mood also significantly improved.

According to the study, sleep problems are one of the most common concerns of parents of young children; approximately 20 to 30 percent of infants and toddlers experience sleep difficulties. Previous studies have found that successful treatment of children’s sleep problems with behavioral interventions also result in improvements in parental well-being.

According to principal investigator, Jodi Mindell, PhD, professor of psychology at Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, PA., creating a bedtime routine is an easy change that can significantly improve both the child’s sleep and the mother’s quality of life.

“There is no question that maternal mood and children’s sleep impact one another. The better a child sleeps and the easier bedtime is, the better a mother’s mood is going to be,” said Mindell.

“In addition, a mom who is not feeling tense, depressed, and fatigued is going to be calmer at bedtime, which will help a child settle down to sleep,” the expert added.

Data were collected from 405 mothers and their infant or toddler,(206 infants between the ages of 7 and 18 months and 199 toddlers between the ages of 18 and 36 months), who then participated in two age-specific three week studies.

Families were randomly assigned to a routine or control group. The first week of the study served as a baseline, during which the mothers followed their child’s usual bedtime weeks.

During the following two weeks mothers were instructed to conduct a specific bedtime routine, while the control group continued with their child’s normal bedtime procedure.

All children included in the study had a small to severe sleep problem, as identified by the mother. Problems included more than three nightly wakings, awakening for longer than 60 minutes per night, or having a total daily sleep duration of less than nine hours. All mothers completed an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BRISQ), and provided subjective data concerning their child’s sleep habits.

Parents in the infant routine group were given a three-step bedtime procedure to follow that included a bath, a massage and quiet activities (such as cuddling and singing); lights were to be turned out within 30 minutes of the end of the bath.

Mothers then proceeded to put the child to sleep as they normally did, by either putting the child to bed while awake or rocking them to sleep. Thus, the only instituted change was the routine. The toddler group followed the same routine, except that mothers were instructed to apply lotion rather than give the child a massage.

Research shows that daily routines in general lead to predictable and less stressful environments for young children and are related to parenting competence, improved daytime behaviors and lower maternal mental distress. (ANI)

Pacifiers don’t interfere with breastfeeding success

Washington, Apr 30 (ANI): Giving an infant a pacifier does not interfere with breastfeeding success, say researchers.

The team led by Dr Fern Hauck, researcher and associate professor of family medicine and public health sciences at the University of Virginia School of Medicine has found no adverse relationship between the two.

“Physicians, nurses and others who advise parents on infant care issues do need to be educated about the potential benefit of using a pacifier for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) prevention, and further, now need to be reassured that using the pacifier should not interfere with breastfeeding,” said Hauck.

The researchers reviewed 29 studies, of which four were randomized control studies (RCT), 20 were cohort studies and five were cross sectional studies.

The results from the four RCTs showed no difference in breastfeeding outcomes with different pacifier interventions, such as use with tube feedings, use after delivery or educational programs promoting non-use of pacifiers.

Most of the observational studies- cross-sectional and cohort – reported an association between pacifier use and shortened duration of breastfeeding.

According to Hauck, this association was likely due to other factors such as breastfeeding difficulties or desire to wean.

“Mothers who breastfeed are often advised not to use a pacifier. This recommendation needs to be corrected. However, if a baby refuses a pacifier, it should not be forced upon him or her,” she said.

Hauck added that the best time to introduce a pacifier is usually when the baby is three to four weeks old, after breastfeeding is well established. Most of all, mothers who choose to breast-feed need lots of support.

The results appear in Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. (ANI)

Genetic risk for anxiety, depression not predestined: Study

Washington, April 30 (ANI): Previous studies have provided a strong basis of support for hypothesis that individuals with particular genotypes are predestined to negative life outcomes such as depression, anxiety disorders. But now, a new study has challenged this view.

Researchers studied infant monkeys from four different rearing conditions to examine how social context and different forms of early adversity interact with genotype to influence behaviour.

Animals reared in small social groups were more likely to be aggressive and anxious, particularly among those with a low activity MAOA genotype.

However, no genotype effects were evident in monkeys reared in larger social cages.

There are some circumstances in a child’s development – such as abusive parenting – that everyone would agree constitutes “adversity.”

However, this study suggests that other, subtler features of the broader social environment influence development, and that genes that affect our behavioral responses are sensitive to these influences.

So even though an infant may be reared with its nurturing mother, the relative absence of other social partners, for both the mother and the infant, can result in the infant developing an anxious style of responding to challenges, particularly if it possesses a “risky” genotype.

Of particular significance, said senior author John Capitanio, Ph.D., is “that animals that were raised in rich, complex settings with mothers, other kin, and peers, were completely protected from the potentially deleterious effects of having the ‘risky’ form of the MAOA gene.”

The study is published in the May 1st issue of Biological Psychiatry. (ANI)