IAEA report shows Iran’s nuclear defiance says U.S.

(Reuters) – The latest report by the U.N. nuclear watchdog underscores Iran’s refusal to comply with international requirements needed to allow constructive talks on its nuclear program, the White House said on Monday.

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“This latest IAEA report clearly shows Iran’s continued failure to comply with its international obligations and its sustained lack of cooperation with the IAEA,” White House National Security Council spokesman Mike Hammer said.

He was referring to a confidential report obtained by Reuters that said Iran has been preparing extra equipment for enriching uranium to higher levels.

President Barack Obama’s administration is leading a push for new U.N. Security Council sanctions against Iran. The West accuses Iran of trying to develop nuclear weapons. Tehran says its purpose is strictly for civilian electricity generation.

Iran first started refining small batches of uranium to 20 percent purity in February, saying it wanted to produce fuel for a medical research reactor. This raised Western suspicion because that takes enrichment closer to the 90 percent purity needed to make atomic weapons.

The International Atomic Energy Agency report said Iran has added a second set of 164 centrifuges — nuclear enrichment machines — to help refine uranium to 20 percent purity.

“Most notably, the report outlines Iran’s continued uranium enrichment at both 3.5 percent and near 20 percent levels, construction of a heavy water research reactor, and refusal to permit the IAEA the access necessary to answer the ongoing questions regarding Qom and long outstanding questions that surround a possible military dimension to its nuclear program,” Hammer said.

“In sum, the IAEA’s latest report underscores that Iran has refused to take any of the steps required of it by the UNSC (U.N. Security Council) or IAEA Board of Governors, which are necessary to enable constructive negotiations on the future of its nuclear program,” he said.

(Reporting by Matt Spetalnick; Editing by Eric Beech)

Solar wind strips off water from Venus

Washington, September 16 (ANI): Observations by the European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Venus Express mission have provided strong new evidence that the solar wind has stripped away significant quantities of water from Earth’s twin planet Venus.

The SPICAV and VIRTIS instruments carried by the spacecraft have been used to measure concentrations of water vapor in the Venusian atmosphere at altitudes ranging from the lowest 10 km up to 110 km, high above the cloud tops.

Studies led by scientists from Belgium and Russia have found that the ratio of heavy water, which contains the isotope deuterium instead of hydrogen, to normal water is nearly twice as high above the clouds compared to its value in the lower atmosphere.

According to Dr. Emmanuel Marcq of the LATMOS laboratory in France, “Water vapor is a very rare species in the Venusian atmosphere: if it were in liquid form now, it would cover the surface of Venus with just a few centimeters of water. However, we believe Venus once had large volumes of water that have since escaped into space or stripped away by the solar wind.”

“These results from Venus Express demonstrate that the heavier water containing deuterium has not been able to escape Venus’s gravity as easily as normal H2O. This enrichment of heavy water provides strong evidence that water loss is occurring in the upper atmosphere and that Venus was probably more humid and Earth-like in the distant past,” he said.

Other studies by groups at the LESIA laboratory and the University of Oxford show that concentrations of water vapor decline from around 44 parts per million in the hot lower atmosphere to 25 parts per million at an altitude of 30-40 km.

At this level, the amounts of water vapor vary according to the overlying sulfuric acid cloud cover, with regions of thicker cloud containing less water vapor. (ANI)

Iran inaugurates new nuclear fuel facility

ran’s president has inaugurated a new facility producing uranium fuel for a planned heavy-water nuclear reactor. The West fears the reactor could eventually be used for producing a nuclear weapon.

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has announced the plant’s opening during a ceremony in the central city of Isfahan. The plant will produce pellets of uranium oxide to fuel the heavy-water research reactor, which is scheduled to be completed in 2009 or 2010.

Iran denies any intention to build a nuclear weapon. The US and its allies have expressed concerns Iran could reprocess spent fuel from the heavy-water reactor into plutonium for building a warhead.

The process is distinct from uranium enrichment, which produces fuel for a light-water reactor. Highly enriched uranium can be used to build a warhead as well. Iran’s enrichment program presents more immediate concerns to the West than the hard-water reactor, because it is far more advanced.

The announcement comes a day after the United States announced it would participate directly in group talks with Iran over its nuclear program, another significant shift from President George W Bush’s policy toward a nation he labeled part of an axis of evil.

Iran says it controls entire nuclear fuel cycle

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has said Iran now controls the entire nuclear fuel cycle – from extracting uranium ore to producing nuclear fuel pellets.

Speaking on state television on Saturday, Ahmadinejad said the next step for Iran is to achieve proficiency in building nuclear power plants without help from foreign countries.

Iran inaugurated a new facility producing uranium fuel for a planned heavy-water nuclear reactor on Thursday. Production of nuclear fuel pellets is the final step in the long chain of nuclear fuel cycle.

The US and some of its allies accuse Iran of seeking to build nuclear weapons. Iran has denied the charges, saying its nuclear program is merely geared towards power generation.

Policy shift: Obama offers face-to-face nuke talks with Iran 10 Apr 2009, 0008 hrs IST, AGENCIES

WASHINGTON: Barack Obama
is offering face-to-face talks with Iran on its suspected nuclear weapons programme, as part of America’s new attitude
to its arch foe.

The Obama administration said it will participate directly in group talks with Iran over its suspect nuclear program in another significant shift from George Bush’s policy. “If countries like Iran are willing to unclench their fist, they will find an extended hand from us,” Obama said.

The State Department said the US would be at the table “from now on” when senior diplomats from the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany meet with Iranian officials to discuss the nuclear issue.

Meanwhile, Iran’s president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad inaugurated a new facility producing uranium fuel for a planned heavy-water nuclear reactor on Thursday. The West fears the reactor could be used for producing nuclear arms

TIMELINE – Iran’s nuclear programme

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad will inaugurate the country’s first nuclear fuel production complex later on Thursday, an Iranian official told Reuters.

Iran said earlier it would review an offer of talks on its nuclear programme from the United States and five other world powers.

Details of Iran’s nuclear programme first emerged in Aug. 2002 when the exiled opposition National Council of Resistance of Iran reported the existence of a uranium enrichment facility at Natanz and a heavy water plant at Arak. Here is a timeline of Iran and its nuclear programme in the last two years.

April 18, 2007 – IAEA says Iran has started up more than 1,300 centrifuge machines in an accelerating campaign to lay a basis for “industrial scale” enrichment in the Natanz complex.

Nov. 2 – Six powers — Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Russia and China — agree to push ahead with more sanctions.

Dec. 3 – A U.S. National Intelligence Estimate says Iran put its bid to build a nuclear bomb on hold in 2003 and it remains on hold. Two days later Ahmadinejad declares victory over the United States and IAEA head Mohamed ElBaradei says Iran has been “somewhat vindicated”.

Dec. 11 – The opposition NCRI says Iran did shut down its programme in 2003 but restarted it a year later. The group says recent U.S. analysis gives the wrong impression.

Jan. 11-12, 2008 – ElBaradei makes a rare visit to Tehran to push for swifter cooperation in wrapping up the IAEA inquiry.

March 3 – U.N. Security Council adopts a third sanctions resolution targeted at Iran’s nuclear programme.

July 19 – Iranian officials rule out any freeze in uranium enrichment during talks in Geneva on the programme, attended for the first time by a senior U.S. diplomat.

Aug. 2 – An informal deadline lapses for Iran to respond to an offer from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, China and Russia for talks on its disputed nuclear programme.

Aug. 5 – Iran delivers a letter to world powers but gives no concrete reply to a demand to freeze its nuclear activity, a defiant step the U.S. says amounts to obfuscation. The next day the U.S. and Britain say major powers agreed to consider more U.N. sanctions.

Sept. 15 – The IAEA says Iran has blocked a U.N. inquiry into whether it researched ways to make a nuclear bomb as Britain said it would push hard for tougher sanctions.

Nov. 26 -Iran says it is now running 5,000 uranium enrichment centrifuges, signalling an expansion of work the West fears is aimed at making nuclear weapons.

– This is higher than the 3,800 such machines the IAEA cited in a Nov. 19 report, which was based on a visit by its inspectors to Iran’s Natanz enrichment plant on Nov. 7.

Feb. 5, 2009 – Russia says it plans to start up a nuclear reactor at the Bushehr plant by the end of 2009.

Feb. 19 – A new IAEA report shows a significant increase in Iran’s reported stockpile of low-enriched uranium since November to 1,010 kg, enough, some physicists say, for possible conversion into high-enriched uranium for one bomb.

Feb. 25 – Iran denies it has slowed down its nuclear activities and says it plans to install 50,000 centrifuges to enrich uranium over the next five years.

March 20 – New U.S. President Barack Obama calls for “engagement that is honest and grounded in mutual respect”. Iran cautiously welcomes the overture, saying it wanted to see “practical steps”.

April 8 – The U.S. takes another tentative step toward better ties with Iran to become a full participant in nuclear talks with Tehran, but it shows no sign of a detente.

April 9 – Iran says Ahmadinejad will inaugurate the country’s first nuclear fuel production complex.