Italy quake destroys four ancient churches

Rome, Apr.7 (ANI): The 6.3-magnitude earthquake that struck central Italy on Monday morning has damaged at least four old churches.

The Italian Culture Ministry said the Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio, a striking pink-and-white stone-faced structure, was among the buildings severely damaged.

It is known for its architecture and for an annual pilgrimage to honor 13th-century Pope Celestine V, a former hermit who was both crowned and buried there.

One nave wall in the church, which is also celebrated for its 14th-century frescoes and lavish Gothic interior, collapsed in the quake, while the bell tower of another church, the lavish Renaissance-era Basilica of San Bernardino, collapsed, reports The Guardian.

Also damaged was a castle renowned as one of Italy’s best-preserved 16th-century fortresses.

The Forte Spagnolo, or Spanish Fort, is so called because it was built under the orders of Spain’s then king, Charles V, whose forces had defeated local rebels.

The quake was powerful enough to be felt in Rome, around 60 miles from the epicentre.

Heritage officials in the capital said the tremor had been strong enough to damage the third-century Baths of Caracalla, the Roman public baths popular with tourists. (ANI)

Ancient Greeks and Romans used kissing to express deference, not for Valentines

Washington, February 14 (ANI): Kissing meant much more than physical attraction for the ancient Greeks and Romans, for the juicy gesture was used to express deference at the time, says an expert.

Donald Lateiner, a humanities-classics professor at Ohio Wesleyan University, says that men kissed men on the cheek as a social greeting, while subjects of a king “abased” themselves by kissing the ground in front of him.

While speaking at a press conference in Chicago, he said that people who wanted to curry favour with someone of higher status would “kiss up” the person’s hands, shoulders, and head-in that order.

He revealed that peems, novels, and all kinds of art helped him parse out the history of the kiss.

Lateiner said that many Tuscan and Roman ladies’ mirror cases sported erotic scenes “from the world of myth, (or) sometimes from the world of daily life.”

However, on Athenian vases and Pompeian frescoes, romantic smooching is quite rare.

“(Instead) there’s a whole lot of sex,” National Geographic quoted him as saying.

He said that that might be because artists of the era preferred to depict full bodies, and a “Hollywood close-up” of people kissing would be too small a detail to feature.

Anthropologist Helen Fisher of Rutgers University highlighted the fact that over 90 percent of human societies and several animals, including chimpanzees, used kisses to express themselves.

She said that the ubiquity of the smooch supported Charles Darwin’s belief that kissing was an instinct that evolved to jump-start reproduction.

The two researchers presented their findings on kissing during the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. (ANI)