Economists see U.S. recovery weakening: survey

(Reuters) – The U.S. economy will lose steam as the year progresses but will not slide back into recession, even though unemployment is unlikely to fall significantly, according to a survey released on Saturday.

The Blue Chip Economic Indicators survey of private forecasters found analysts increasingly glum about the outlook. They now see the economy expanding just 3.1 percent in 2010, down from 3.3 percent in the June poll.

They do not, however, envisage a renewed period of contraction, which has been widely debated in financial markets in recent weeks.

“Our panelists think talk of a double-dip recession is overblown absent a new, major shock,” the group said in its report.

Some analysts worry such a disruption might come from Europe, where concerns about high debt levels have made the banking sector jittery about lending.

The report’s findings highlight the risks of a sputtering recovery amid lingering softness in housing, suggesting the unemployment rate will end the year at 9.4 percent, barely down from the current 9.5 percent rate.

“For a second straight month the number of panelists that lowered their forecasts of nominal GDP growth and inflation exceeded those that raised their forecasts by a significant margin,” the report said.

“In the past, such a development has often suggested further erosion in consensus forecasts during subsequent survey.”

Along with more moderate growth, inflation is expected to remain extremely tame. Forecasters are looking for a 0.9 percent increase in prices for 2010 as a whole, the smallest rise since 1950.

(Reporting by Pedro Nicolaci da Costa; Editing by Leslie Adler)

Economists see U.S. recovery weakening -survey

July 10 (Reuters) – The U.S. economy will lose steam as the year progresses but will not slide back into recession, even though unemployment is unlikely to fall significantly, according to a survey released on Saturday.

The Blue Chip Economic Indicators survey of private forecasters found analysts increasingly glum about the outlook. They now see the economy expanding just 3.1 percent in 2010, down from 3.3 percent in the June poll.

They do not, however, envisage a renewed period of contraction, which has been widely debated in financial markets in recent weeks.

“Our panelists think talk of a double-dip recession is overblown absent a new, major shock,” the group said in its report.

Some analysts worry such a disruption might come from Europe, where concerns about high debt levels have made the banking sector jittery about lending.

The report’s findings highlight the risks of a sputtering recovery amid lingering softness in housing, suggesting the unemployment rate will end the year at 9.4 percent, barely down from the current 9.5 percent rate.

“For a second straight month the number of panelists that lowered their forecasts of nominal GDP growth and inflation exceeded those that raised their forecasts by a significant margin,” the report said.

“In the past, such a development has often suggested further erosion in consensus forecasts during subsequent survey.”

Along with more moderate growth, inflation is expected to remain extremely tame. Forecasters are looking for a 0.9 percent increase in prices for 2010 as a whole, the smallest rise since 1950. (Reporting by Pedro Nicolaci da Costa; Editing by Leslie Adler)

Euro concern over erosion laws

The Eurobodalla Council on the New South Wales far south coast says State Government moves aimed at improving the management of erosion in seaside areas highlights an important issue affecting the shire.

The Government is seeking input on its draft Coastal Protection and Other Legislation Amendment Bill, which is available on-line.

The Bill allows landowners to place sandbags on beaches, and includes provisions for privately-funded coastal protection works, including seawalls.

The Eurobodalla Council’s General Manager, Paul Anderson, says the Bill is a step forward, but private projects should be appropriately managed.

“The whole concern that the community hold and council’s across the eastern seaboard hold is that we need to make sure that one person who has the resources to be able to construct the seawall doesn’t have an adverse impact on their adjoining neighbour,” he said.

“Or (have an impact) on some other form of community land so that that land takes the brunt of the impact as a result of their construction.”

For more, go to the South East News blog at http://bit.ly/dgL1SN

China has fourth highest number of millionaires in world

New Delhi, Apr 1 (ANI): China has the fourth highest number of millionaires in the world, numbering around 340000 in 2009, despite of 11 percent decrease from the year before.

According to the 2010 edition of “The Wealth Report” released by Citi Private Bank, investible assets of each person in this group, called the High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNWI), total between one million dollars to 10 million dollars, excluding their principal residence.

The survey of global wealth distribution saw a sharp drop in the number of HNWIs as few corners of the world were left untouched by net asset value erosion, CRIENGLISH.com reports.

The United States still holds the largest number of HNWIs, standing at 2,519,000, but that figure has dropped 19 percent following the economic downturn.

Next are Japan and Britain, who have 669,000 and 439,000 people included respectively.

Among the world’s major economies, India and Portugal saw their number of wealthy people most reduced, by 24 percent each, while Hong Kong, Belgium and Russia saw a reduction of around 20 percent.

Although no economy has seen an increase in the number of millionaires, the report says the fact that asset prices have recovered strongly since mid-2009 means the numbers are expected to recover relatively rapidly. (ANI)

Marine ecosystems under threat from ocean acidification

Washington, March 29 (ANI): Experiments by a team of scientists has determined that acidification of the oceans as a result of increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could have significant effects on marine ecosystems.

Postgraduate researcher Michael Maguire, together with colleagues at Newcastle University, performed experiments in which they simulated ocean acidification as predicted by current trends of CO2 emissions.

The group found that the decrease in ocean pH (increased acidity) resulted in a sharp decline of a biogeochemically important group of bacteria known as the Marine Roseobacter clade.

“This is the first time that a highly important bacterial group has been observed to decline in significant numbers with only a modest decrease in pH,” said Maguire.

The Marine Roseobacter clade is responsible for breaking down a sulphur compound called dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) that is produced by photosynthesising plankton.

This end product is taken up and used by numerous bacteria as an important source of sulphur.

A fraction of DMSP is turned into Dimethylsulfide (DMS) – a naturally occurring gas that influences the Earth’s climate.

DMS encourages the formation of clouds that reflect solar radiation back into space leading to a cooling of the earth’s surface.

Maguire’s group hypothesizes that the decline of the Marine Roseobacter clade through ocean acidification may alter the release of DMS into the atmosphere and affect the amount of available sulphur.

He believes this will have a significant impact on the ocean’s productivity and the overall global climate system.

“Ocean acidification will not only have large scale consequences for marine ecosystems but also socio-economical consequences due to changes in fish stocks and erosion of coral reefs,” he explained. (ANI)

Downpour a mixed blessing for growers

Queensland’s peak horticulture industry group says continuous rain on the Sunshine Coast is helping some growers and causing problems for others.

Growcom says the region has received more than 1,100 millimetres of rain in the past few weeks.

Chief executive Alex Livingstone says the wet weather has affected the quality of crops, caused erosion and prevented harvesting and planting preparations.

But he says the big wet is good news in the long run.

“The dams are full. There’s good subsoil moisture being replenished, aquifers are filling up, streams are flowing,” he said.

“So in the medium to longer term this is wonderful news.

“The issue is that all year round somebody is trying to plant, somebody’s trying to harvest and whenever you get the big rains like this it’s going to affect some people negatively and some people positively.”

Planning begins for urgent riverbank repairs

Plans to repair a severely eroded riverbank at Rocks Ferry Reserve in Wauchope are progressing.

Parts of the bank have eroded by as much as two metres and the beach area is now non-existent.

The work will include a rock revetment wall that will provide protection to 320 metres of riverbank and the installation of two rock groynes to provide protection to the beach area.

The Port Macquarie Hastings Council’s Jeffrey Sharp says designs are being considered now.

“The concern is, certainly if the work isn’t completed in a timely fashion, Rocks Ferry Reserve will continue to erode away,” he said.

“We lost two metres of the reserve in 2009, an important recreational space for the community of Wauchope and we would like to protect and enhance what’s there now.

“The risk is that the reserve will continue to erode away until it’s finally gone.”

Council delays lake entrance works

Recent heavy rain and the prospect of big seas this week has prompted the Sunshine Coast Regional Council to delay moving the Currimundi Lake entrance.

The council says the entrance has moved south to the point where erosion is threatening infrastructure including the lifeguard tower.

Work was to start yesterday on relocating the entrance but it is now expected to begin next Monday.

Coast and canals manager Denis Shaw says the work will take about four days.

“We’ll be using heavy machinery – six-wheel drive dump trucks, a couple of dozers and an excavator,” he said.

“We’ll be moving probably about two or three thousand cubic metres of sand from inside the estuary back out to reinforce the dune.”

Labor matches erosion pledge

The Premier David Bartlett has promised to match the Liberal Party’s pledge to fix an erosion problem threatening homes at Hellyer in north-west Tasmania.

It is feared dozens of homes could be inundated, if steps are not taken to halt erosion of riverbanks owned by Crown Lands at the mouth of the Detention River.

On Wednesday, the Liberals promised $100,000 for remediation work if they win government and yesterday Mr Bartlett responded.

“I see no problem with what the Liberals have promised there,” he said “it’s something that has been on our radar and a Labor Government, re-elected would match the Liberals’ commitment in this regard.”

Majuli Island inhabitants pray to stop soil erosion

Majuli (Assam), Sep 12 (ANI): The inhabitants of Majuli Island in Assam perform a Hindu ritual to check the rapid soil erosion near the banks of the river Brahmaputra.

Swelling water of river Brahmaputra river has eroded the land and the residents fear that their houses near the banks of the river might get washed away.

“We mainly depend on the divine spirit, so we have come to the shore of the river to pray to the divine spirit which has caused us to surrender ourselves having no other means to save ourselves and the holy land,” said Bhabhananda Dev Goswami, Benganati Satradhikar.

He added that the erosion has continued. Majuli is home to many wild birds and animals. Due to the rapid erosion this monsoon, the existence of a famous Benganati Satra (a holy shrine) is in danger. The shrine is among the oldest of its kind.

“People of this land believe and depend on this kind of ritual for their existence and survival. We do believe in modern technologies, but religious rituals are above all. So, today all the satradhikars along with the followers of Majuli have gathered here to pray to the divine god to save this place from rapid erosion,” said Pitamber Dev Goswami, Aunati Satrdhikar.

Every year, torrential monsoon rains create panic in Assam, causing the mighty river and its tributaries to breach embankments, displacing thousands of families. (ANI)

Unique acacia tree could nourish soils in Africa

Washington, August 25 (ANI): In a new research, scientists have said that a type of acacia tree with an unusual growth habit, which is unlike virtually all other trees, holds particular promise for farmers in Africa as a free source of nitrogen for their soils that could last generations.

With its nitrogen-fixing qualities, the tall, long-lived acacia tree, Faidherbia albida could limit the use of fertilizers; provide fodder for livestock, wood for construction and fuel wood, and medicine through its bark, as well as windbreaks and erosion control to farmers across sub-Saharan Africa.

According to scientists, the tree illustrates the benefits of growing trees on farms and is adapted to an incredibly wide array of climates and soils from the deserts to the humid tropics.

“Growing the right tree in the right place on farms in sub-Saharan Africa-and worldwide- has the potential to slow climate change, feed more people, and protect the environment,” said Dennis Garrity, Director General of the World Agroforestry Centre.

“This tree, as a source of free, organic nitrogen, is an example of that. There are many other examples of solutions to African farming that exist here already,” he added.

The Faidherbia acacia tree has the quality of “reverse leaf phenology,” which drives the tree to go dormant and shed its nitrogen-rich leaves during the early rainy season – when seeds are being planted and need the nitrogen – and then to re-grow its leaves when the dry season begins and crops are dormant.

This makes it highly compatible with food crops because it does not compete with them for light-only the bare branches of the tree’s canopy spread overhead while crops grow to maturity.

Their leaves and pods provide a crucial source of fodder in the dry season for livestock when other plants have dried up.

The unique acacia tree is a frequent component of farming systems of Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, Sudan, and Ethiopia, and in parts of northern Ghana, northern Nigeria, and northern Cameroon.

The tree is growing on over 4.8 million hectares of land in Niger. Half a million farmers in Malawi and in the southern highlands of Tanzania grow the tree on their maize fields.

In Malawi, maize yields were increased up to 280 percent in the zone under the tree canopy compared with the zone outside the tree canopy.

In Zambia, recent unpublished observations showed that unfertilized maize yields in the vicinity of the Faidherbia trees averaged 4.1 tonnes per hectare, compared to 1.3 tonnes nearby but beyond the tree canopy. (ANI)

Bangladesh calls in Australian lifeguards to rescue kids from drowning

Dhaka, Aug. 19 (ANI): Figures suggest that around 17,000 children drown in Bangladesh every year, a figure that is proportionately more than anywhere else in the world.

Now, according to The Independent, aid workers are battling to reduce the toll by teaching children to swim.

Instructors from Australia, a nation as famed for its lifeguards, have been teaching swimming and life-saving techniques to Bangladeshis who then pass on the skills to children.

Swimming classes are being held in makeshift bamboo pens that have been set up in murky ponds and canals.

Bangladesh, which sits on the Ganges delta, was once notorious for the threat to children from malnutrition, disease and diarrhoea.

The biggest single threat to children these days is from drowning, which accounts for more than 25 per cent of all child deaths.

Carel de Rooy, the Bangladesh head of UNICEF, which is funding the program, said the danger was only likely to get worse.

The country faces a number of threats from climate change. An increase in melting ice in the Himalayas is causing both a rise in sea levels and increased erosion as rivers flow faster.

Some predictions have suggested that the country of 150 million people could lose up to 20 per cent of its land by 2030. By then up to 20 million people could have become climate-change refugees, forced to leave their flooded homes.

The Australian instructors who have been working in Bangladesh say they believe they have already had an impact. (ANI)

Government inefficiency places people in coastal zones at risk from tsunamis

Washington, July 11 (ANI): A team of international experts has determined that governments have largely failed to seriously implement integrated management in coastal zones, placing people at risk of disasters such as hurricane Katrina and the Banda Aceh tsunami.

This was the conclusion of 40 international experts from wide ranging disciplines including economics, social sciences and natural sciences who met for an intensive, 5 day workshop near Oslo, Norway.

Many Megacities such as Tokyo, New York and London are found in the coastal zone.

According to researchers, coastal protection measures give a sense of false security and require increasingly expensive infrastructure.

The treatment and cure of these coastal syndromes includes renewable energy, recycled water and solid waste, sourcing locally grown foods and attention to social equity issues, especially in education and healthcare.

The researchers said that up to now, governments at all scales, from local to international, have largely failed to seriously implement integrated management in coastal zones.

This has placed people at risk of disasters such as hurricane Katrina and the Banda Aceh tsunami.

The interconnection of coastal processes with upstream management in river catchment has widely been ignored, causing coastal erosion, lack of runoff, nutrient shortage and subsiding deltas.

The pace of change in general is increasing and regionally, the world is already seeing both economic and climate-change refugees.

In parallel, there are climate entrepreneurs eager to exploit Arctic resources.

Climate change is exposing the fragile Arctic coasts and ecosystems as well as their vulnerable inhabitants, who subsist on traditional lifestyles, to increasing risks.

Innovation is needed to solve the widespread problems, if we are to turn the tide of losses.

According to researchers, we must enable governance at all scales from intergovernmental engagement to the individual, personal choices that may counteract the tyranny of “small and short sighted decisions”. (ANI)

Makeshift embankment being built for eroding Kosi River

Patna, July 7 (ANI): The work is in progress on the eroded embankment of the river Kosi in Madhubani district of Bihar.

The half-a-kilometre erosion has taken place even before monsoon showers have touched the river.

In a bid to control the annual fury of Kosi River, early steps are being taken to build a makeshift embankment using sandbags and bamboo fence to stop the current of water from breaching the embankment further.

“We will be able to save the embankment. We have enough workforce to work on it and we are doing our best, working round the clock to save the embankment,” said Jawahar Kumar kishori, Junior Engineer.

However, it remains unanswered whether the makeshift embankment will be effective enough to stop the flow of water as labourers were seen filling the bags with the eroded sediment and soil from the river banks.

But a contractor working at the site denied this.

“Where are we using the same eroded soil of the river? We are fetching it 8 kilometres away from here,” said Virendra Kumar Keshri, contractor.

The work on the embankment is progressing fast but quality is being overlooked.

Bihar was badly hit by floods due to a breach in the Kosi embankment near India-Nepal border in 2008, affecting over 2.3 million people in the northern part of the state.

The river changed its course and inundated hundreds of villages in north Bihar districts of Supaul, Araria, Madhepura and Purnea, which hadn’t experienced floods in many decades.

Kosi River flows north to south, from Himalayas in Nepal and Tibet to join the Ganges in Bihar. (ANI)

Success of Inca civilization a result of global warming that lasted for 400 years

Lima (Peru), July 2 (ANI): In a new study, a team of scientists have determined that the success of the Inca was boosted by a period of global warming that lasted more than four centuries.

The new study is called “Putting the Rise of the Inca within a Climatic and Land Management Context” and was prepared by Alex Chepstow-Lusty, an English paleo-biologist working for the French Institute of Andean Studies, in Lima, Peru.

The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. It began as a support group in the Cuzco area, where the legendary first Sapa Inca, Manco Capac founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200.

According to a report in Living in Peru, a team of English and US scientists has analyzed pollen, seeds and isotopes in core samples taken from the deep mud of a small lake not far from Machu Picchu to determine that the success of the Inca was underpinned by a period of warming that lasted more than four centuries.

The four centuries coincided directly with the rise of this startling, hyper-productive culture that at its zenith was bigger than the Ming Dynasty China and the Ottoman Empire, the two most powerful contemporaries of the Inca.

“This period of increased temperatures allowed the Inca and their predecessors to expand, from AD 1150 onwards, their agricultural zones by moving up the mountains to build a massive system of terraces fed frequently by glacial water, as well as planting trees to reduce erosion and increase soil fertility,” said the scientists.

“They re-created the landscape and produced the huge surpluses of maize, potatoes, quinua and other crops that freed a rapidly growing population to build roads, scores of palaces like Machu Picchu and in particular the development of a large standing army,” they added.

According to Alex, the report “raises the question of whether today’s global warming may be another opportunity for the Andes.” (ANI)

Plants saved planet Earth from freezing over during last ice age

Washington, July 2 (ANI): In a new research, scientists have suggested that plants may have played a crucial role in putting a limit on the last ice age.

When glaciers advanced over much of the Earth’s surface during the last ice age, the planet did not freeze over entirely.

This has been a puzzle to climate scientists because leading models have indicated that over the past 24 million years geological conditions should have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to plummet, possibly leading to runaway “icehouse” conditions.

Now, scientists report on the missing piece of the puzzle – plants.

“Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been remarkably stable over the last 20 or 25 million years despite other changes in the environment,” said research co-author Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institution’s Department of Global Ecology.

“We can look to land plants as the primary buffering agent that’s held CO2 in such a narrow range during this time,” he added.

The research team, led by Mark Pagani of Yale University, found that the critical role of plants in the chemical breakdown and weathering of rocks and soil gave them a strong influence on carbon dioxide levels.

It was a link that earlier studies had missed.

The rise of the Andes, Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, and mountain ranges in western North America over the past 25 million years would have been expected to have cause faster weathering and erosion, and therefore a faster burial of carbon drawn from the atmosphere.

But the stability of carbon dioxide levels indicate that this didn’t happen.

This is where the plants come in.

“The rates of weathering reactions are largely controlled by plants. Their roots secrete acids that dissolve minerals, they hold soils, and they increase the amount of carbon dissolved in groundwater,” said Caldeira.

“But when levels of carbon dioxide get too low, the plants basically suffocate and the weathering slows down. That means less sediment is eroded from the uplands and less carbon can be buried. It’s a negative feedback on the system that has kept carbon dioxide levels from dropping too low,” he added.

Extremely low carbon dioxide levels would have reduced the atmosphere’s ability to retain heat, putting the planet into a deep freeze.

“So you could say that by limiting the drawdown of CO2 by chemical weathering and sedimentation, plants saved the planet from freezing over,” said Caldeira. (ANI)

Mississippi River Delta may drown by 2100

Washington, June 30 (ANI): A new research has predicted that the Mississippi River Delta in the US would drown by the year 2100.

“There’s just not enough sediment to sustain the delta plain,” study author Michael Blum of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, told National Geographic News.

Deltas are coastal landmasses created from a river’s sediment deposits as the water flows out to sea. The Mississippi River’s delta plain, for example, includes the lacy “toe” of southern Louisiana.

All deltas are degrading to some extent, as their sediment settles and sinks.

Today, sediments collected along the Mississippi cover about 23,360 square miles (60,500 square kilometers) ranging in thickness from less than 33 feet (10 meters) upstream near Memphis, Tennessee, to about 328 feet (100 meters) in the delta at the tip of southern Louisiana.

The drainage basin of the roughly 2,350-mile-long (3,782-kilometer-long) river, however, includes about 40,000 dams and levees built over the past century.

These structures control flooding and improve navigation, but they also trap sediment or funnel it completely through to the sea.

Previous studies suggested that dams and reservoirs built since 1950 have trapped as much as 70 percent of the river’s natural amount of sediment.

With less material feeding it, the delta plain has been experiencing erosion.

But, even without the dams and levees, the amount of sediment flowing downriver would no longer be enough to sustain the delta because of rising seas, according to the researchers.

The researchers base their conclusions on estimated delta levels over the past 12,000 years, which show significant changes more than 7,000 years ago, when meltwater from the last ice age quickly filled the oceans.

The Mississippi Delta plain retreated inland at that point, and it was only after sea level rise had slowed considerably that the delta again grew seaward.

Current sea level rise, however, may be three times faster than it was the last time the delta was able to grow.

According to the researchers, with the added threat of rapid sea-level rise, sustaining the current extent of the delta plain would require 18 to 24 billion tons of sediment, which is way more than the entire Mississippi River currently carries.

The team therefore estimates that as much as 5,200 square miles (13,500 square kilometers) of delta land could disappear by 2100. (ANI)

Reinforcement begins at Peking Man site in China

New Delhi, June 25 (ANI): Reports indicate that reinforcement has begun at the Peking Man site in China to prevent one of its walls from collapsing.

‘Peking Man’ is referred to a group of fossil specimens, hundreds of thousands of years old, discovered in 1923-27 during excavations at Zhoukoudian near Beijing (at that time known as Peking), in China.

Archaeologists are now working for protective excavation at the Peking Man site, focusing on the west section of the cave where the first Peking Man skull was found in Zhoukoudian.

The west section is the only part that has remained untouched since the cave’s discovery.

“Repair work cannot be done without a comprehensive excavation,” said Gao Xing, deputy director and research fellow of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

However, the wall is slanting towards the ground and risks collapse.

Closer observation over the past month has revealed loose rocks and a crack along its top, which makes it more vulnerable to erosion caused by rain.

Work over the next month will concentrate on areas around the crack and then expand to the whole section between August and October.

“Our ultimate aim is to save the section from further damage so that it might be available for research by future generations,” said Gao.

The site used to be a 20-m wide, 140-m deep cave but the ceiling collapsed long ago.

Chinese archaeologist Pei Wenzhong found the first complete skull at the site in December 1929, together with a large number of stone tools and evidence of fire use by humans.

In 1936, three more skulls were unearthed, and fossils in the caves were found to belong to 40 individuals, with more than 100,000 stone tools.

Controversy remains on various issues, such as if Peking Man was able to control fire, if hunting was part of their lifestyle and the age of Peking Man.

Peking Man, the tool-making “erect man,” was previously believed to have lived in Zhoukoudian Caves about 400,000 to 500,000 years ago.

But, in March, Chinese scientists revealed that using a new radioactive dating method, Peking Man may have lived 200,000 years earlier.

“More intensive research will be done to explain the development of relic deposits in the cave, Gao said.

“The deposits contained traces of humans, ancient animals and changes of natural environment. The excavation will help us understand in a more detailed way when humans settled down in the cave, when they began to use fire, and what and when major climate changes occurred,” he added. (ANI)

Most fisheries management regimes lag behind international standards

Washington, June 23 (ANI): A new study, which provides the first global evaluation of how management practices influence the sustainability of fisheries, indicate that most fisheries management regimes are lagging far behind standards set by international organizations.

The study assessed the effectiveness of the world’s fisheries management regimes using evaluations from nearly 1,200 fisheries experts, analyzing these in combination with data on the sustainability of fisheries catches.

The results indicate that most fisheries management regimes are lagging far behind standards set by international organizations, and that the conversion of scientific advice into policy, through a participatory and transparent process, plays the most critical role in determining the sustainability of fisheries.

“The world’s fisheries are one of the most important natural assets to humankind,” said lead study author Camilo Mora, a Colombian researcher at Dalhousie University and the University of California San Diego.

“Unfortunately, our use of the world’s fisheries has been excessive and has led to the decline or collapse of many stocks,” he added.

“The consequences of overexploiting the world’s fisheries are a concern not only for food security and socio-economic development but for ocean ecosystems,” said Boris Worm, a professor at Dalhousie University and co-author of the paper. “We now recognize that overfishing can also lead to the erosion of biodiversity and ecosystem productivity,” he added.

Mora and his colleagues analyzed a set of attributes upon which country-level fisheries could be evaluated.

They pinpointed six parameters, including the scientific quality of management recommendations, the transparency of converting recommendations into policy, the enforcement of policies, the influence of subsidies, fishing effort, and the extent of fishing by foreign entities.

To quantify those attributes the researchers developed a questionnaire designed to elicit worst- to best-case answers.

Nearly 1,200 evaluations were used in the study.

The responses of the surveyed experts were compared to, and found to be in accordance with, empirical data, supporting the validity of the data obtained in the study.

The results of this global survey showed that 7 percent of all coastal states carry out rigorous scientific assessment for the generation of management policies, 1.4 percent also have a participatory and transparent process to convert scientific recommendations into policy, and less than 1 percent also implement mechanisms to ensure the compliance with regulations.

No one country was additionally free of the effects of excess fishing capacity, subsidies or access to foreign fishing.

“Perhaps the most striking result of our survey was that not a single country in the world was consistently good with respect to all these management attributes,” said Mora. (ANI)

Internet users facing decrease in family time

Washington, June 21 (ANI): Thanks to the Internet, Americans are increasingly reporting erosion of face-to-face family time, increased feelings of being ignored by family members using the Web, and growing concerns that children are spending too much time online.

These are the findings of a study conducted by researchers at the Center for the Digital Future at the USC Annenberg School for Communication.

The study has shown that the percentage of people, who say they spend less time with household members since being connected to the Internet at home, had nearly tripled from 11 percent in 2006 to 28 percent in 2008.

The researchers say that total hours devoted to family socializing have decreased sharply over this three-year period.

According to them, reports of feeling ignored, at least sometimes, by family members using the Internet also grew by 40 percent over the same period.

Michael Gilbert, author of The Disposable Male and a senior fellow at the Center, says that diminishing family time coincides with the explosive growth of social networks and the importance people place on them, a trend first reported in the Center’s 2007 surveys.

These reduced family time Internet patterns apply across most demographic categories, although higher income households may be suffering greater family time erosion: 35 percent report a reduction in face-to-face time.

Women report being ignored by a family Internet user more often, say the researchers.

Gilbert, who focuses on family and gender issues, thinks this may reflect the varying emphasis the sexes place on relationships, the balance women appear to maintain in their home computer use, or the persistent call of their other family and household responsibilities.

Agreeing that these trends may play havoc with people’s personal boundaries, he said: “The family is our social foundation, society’s basic building block. We need to guard its health in what otherwise seems to be a boundless digital future.” (ANI)