Indian HC meets Pakistan Foreign Secretary in Islamabad

Islamabad, Sep 11 (ANI): Indian High Commissioner Sharat Sabharwal on Friday called on Pakistan Foreign Secretary Salman Bashir at the Foreign Office to discuss the agenda for foreign secretary level talks in New York.

Union External Affairs Minister S M Krishna and his Pakistan counterpart Shah Mehmood Qureshi in their meeting in New York are expected to discuss issues of bilateral interest, including the resumption of a composite dialogue process between the two countries and progress by Pakistan on bringing the Mumbai culprits to justice as per India’s demands, The Dawn reports.

In the meeting Bashir handed over a written proposal for secretary level talks to Sabharwal.

Bashir also said that Pakistan is ready to hold talks with India in order to resolve issues of dispute and also wants to find peaceful solution of all outstanding issues in line with the Sharm-El-Sheikh joint-declaration. (ANI)

New discovery hints ancient Egypt and Israel had ties during Early Bronze Age

Jerusalem, Sept 2 (ANI): The discovery of a rare, four-centimeter-long stone fragment at the point where the Jordan River exits Lake Kinneret, has suggested a link between ancient Egypt and Israel around 3,000 BCE during the Early Bronze Age.

According to a report in the Jerusalem Post, Tel Aviv University (TAU) and University College London archeologists found the fragment.

The piece, part of a carved stone plaque bearing archaic Egyptian signs, was the highlight of the second season of excavations at Tel Bet Yerah (Khirbet el-Kerak). he site lies along an ancient highway that connected Egypt to the wider world of the ancient Near East.

The dig, carried out within the Beit Yerah National Park, was completed there last week by a joint team headed by TAU’s Raphael Greenberg and David Wengrow from England.

Earlier discoveries, both in Egypt and at Bet Yerah, have indicated that there was direct interaction between the site – then one of the largest in the Jordan Valley – and the Egyptian royal court.

The new discovery suggests that these contacts were of far greater local significance than had been suspected.

The archeologists noted that the fragment, which depicts an arm and hand grasping a scepter and an early form of the ankh sign, was the first artifact of its type ever found in an archaeological site outside Egypt.

It has been attributed to the period of Egypt’s First Dynasty, at around 3000 BCE.

Finds of this nature are rare even within Egypt itself, and the signs are executed to a high quality, as good as those on royal cosmetic palettes and other monuments dating to the origins of Egyptian kingship.

This year’s excavations also provided new insights into contacts between the early town and the distant north, when large quantities of “Khirbet Kerak Ware” (a distinctive kind of red/black burnished pottery first found at Tel Bet Yerah) were found in association with portable ceramic hearths, some of them bearing decorations in the form of human features.

“The hearths are very similar to objects found in Anatolia and the southern Caucasus, and most were found in open spaces where there was other evidence for fire-related activities,” noted Greenberg.

“The people using this pottery appear to have been migrants or descendants of migrants, and its distribution on the site, as well as the study of other cultural aspects, such as what they ate and the way they organized their households, could tell us about their interaction with local people and their adaptation to new surroundings,” he added. (ANI)

Musharraf’s trial, NRO should not be interlinked: Gilani

Islamabad, Aug.25 (ANI): Pakistan Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani has said that the National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO) and the trial of former president General Pervez Musharraf under the Article Six of the Constitution are two separate issues and should not be interlinked.

“These are two separate issues,” Gilani said when asked whether the NRO was preventing the government from initiating a high treason case against Musharraf.

Interacting with media persons at Chaudhry Nisar Ali’s residence, Gilani said Pakistan wanted to maintain good relations with all its neighbours including India, The Daily Times reports.

Gilani said his government wanted ‘forward movement’ in the composite dialogue process with India for the resolution of all outstanding issues, but without compromising Pakistan’s sovereignty, dignity and honour.

Gilani said the PPP led government is in constant touch with the PML-N over all important issues concerning the nation including relations with India.

Referring to his meeting with Dr.Manmohan Singh in Sharm-El-Sheikh on the sidelines of the NAM summit, Gilani said he had contacted PML-N chief Nawaz Sharif and taken him into confidence before the meeting.

When asked about the differences between the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and the Pakistan Muslim League -Nawaz (PML-N) over the trial Musharraf, he said both parties have their own manifestos and programmes and were working according to it. (ANI)

Zardari says he discussed Indus Basin Water Treaty issue with Manmohan Singh

Islamabad, Aug. 9 (ANI): Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari has said that he discussed the issue of the Indus Basin Water Treaty during his first meeting with India Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in New York.

Responding to a question about the alleged violation of Indus Basin Water Treaty by India, Zardari said the government was conscious of this very grave issue of water shortage and is taking steps for its conservation.

In 2008, Pakistan’s Indus Commissioner Syed Jamaat Ali Shah had alleged that India was filling the Baglihar Dam in clear violation of the Indus Basin Water Treaty, bringing the inflow in Chenab River down to a historic low of 20,000 cusecs.

According to The Nation, Zardari said that a special assistant to the prime minister on water had been appointed, which reflected the significance the government was attaching to the issue.

He also emphasised on the importance of water conservation and said modern technologies of irrigation should be utilised for conservation of precious water.

On the issue of militancy in Balochistan, Zardari said the government is moving in the right direction to address the problems faced by the people of Balochistan through dialogue and constitutional means.

He admitted that the people of Balochistan had been ignored in the past and the PPP government would like to apologise to them despite the fact that “We were not responsible for the past wrong doings.”

Addressing members of the youth parliament, Zardari said that Prime Minister Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani had raised the issue of foreign interference in Balochistan with his Indian counterpart during their meeting at Sharm El-Sheikh. (ANI)

PM arrives in Egypt for XVth NAM Summit

Sharm el-Sheikh (Egypt), July 15 (ANI): Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh arrived in Egypt late on Tuesday night to attend the two-day XVth Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit.

Issues like global economic downturn, terrorism, climate change and food security are expected to be on top of the agenda at the Summit.

Other summit themes are international solidarity for peace and development and current economic and financial crisis. It would also focus in comprehensive manner on global regional and sub-regional issues, besides issues relating to development, human rights and social issues.

Dr. Singh will address the plenary session of the NAM Summit, and has already underlined India’s commitment to help revitalise the NAM, which had a renewed role to play in the emerging world order following the end of the Cold War.

On the sidelines of the Summit, Dr. Singh will meet his Pakistani counterpart Yousuf Raza Gilani on Thursday morning. He will also have other bilateral meetings.

A NAM First Ladies’ Summit would also take place at the initiative of Egypt in which the Prime Minister’s wife, Gurusharan Kaur, would participate. The theme of this meeting would be Women in Crisis Management – Perspectives and Challenges, Best Practices and Lessons Learned.

Egypt’s First Lady Suzane Mubarak would anchor the meeting that would focus on the role of women in the context of the global economic and food, health and humanitarian crises. Heads of UN Agencies: the FAO, the WFP, the WHO, and the ITU are expected to make brief statements during the two separate sessions of the First Ladies’ Summit.

The NAM is an international organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.

The movement is largely the brainchild of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Gamal Abdul Nasser, former president of Egypt and Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. It was founded in April 1955 and as of 2007, it has 118 members.

The purpose of the organization as stated in the Havana Declaration of 1979 is to ensure “the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries” in their “struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics.”

They represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations’s members and comprise 55 percent of the world population, particularly countries considered to be developing or part of the third world. By Smita Prakash (ANI)

Gilani to meet Manmohan on sidelines of NAM summit on July 16 : Pak FO

Islamabad, July 3 (ANI): Pakistan Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani would meet Dr. Manmohan Singh on the sidelines of the of the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt on July 16, the Pakistan Foreign Office has said.

The Foreign Office spokesman, Abdul Basit said that the foreign secretaries of both countries would also meet during the summit, The Daily Times reports.

Speculations about resumption of the Indo-Pak bilateral talks, which was stalled after the November 2008 Mumbai terror strikes, gained momentum recently when Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh met Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari on the sidelines of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Brazil-Russia-India-China (BRIC) summits in Russia’s Yekaterinburg city last month.

During the meeting, Singh told Zardari in clear cut terms that his country must stop terrorists from launching attacks on India.

Both the leaders vowed to meet again during the NAM summit, but later it was announced that Gilani would represent Pakistan instead of Zardari. (ANI)

Abu Dhabi wins International Renewable Energy Agency headquarters

Nicosia, July 1 (ANI): Abu Dhabi has been selected to house the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

The announcement was made at Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, after other candidate cities, like Bonn and Vienna withdrew their candidacies.

Although IRENA was established last January, it saw its membership grow quickly from 75 member countries to 130.

The IRENA will be located in Abu Dhabi’s Masdar City, the world’s first carbon-neutral, zero-waste city, powered entirely by renewable energy.

Masdar is a 22 billion-dollar project being constructed near Abu Dhabi which is scheduled for completion in 2015, with a capacity to house up to 50,000 people.

The symbolism of having the seat of an organization dealing with renewable energy sources in a city powered only by renewable energy was too big to miss, although some critics had pointed out that the per capita energy consumption in the UAE was the highest in the world.

The UAE Government offered to cover all operational costs of the IRENA in perpetuity and will also grant the agency an amount of 136 million dollars over a six year period.

It should be noted that IRENA’s innovation centre will be located in Bonn and the organization will have a liaison office in Vienna. (ANI)

Prehistoric fishing tackle found in Egypt

Abu Dhabi, May 13 (ANI): An Egyptian archaeological team has found prehistoric fishing gear, sewing equipment and jewellery all made from animal bones, as well as pottery and coins, near an oasis south of Cairo.

“An Egyptian archaeological mission working near El-Karn island on Lake Qarun in Fayoum has found a large amount of fishing tackle, sewing equipment and jewellery made from animal bone dating back to prehistoric time,” Culture Minister Faruk Hosni told Khaleej Times Online.

“The mission also found caves used by prehistoric man,” he said.

“The most important item is an awl made of animal bone and granite, which shows that prehistoric man devised many ways to sew leather,” Khaled Saad, who headed the mission, was quoted as saying.

The team also found ancient pottery, coins, whale vertebrae and fossils of seals, sawfish as well as crocodile and turtle parts, Saad added.

“Medical equipment and weapons made of animal bone were also unearthed,” he said.

The site was used by many civilizations, antiquities chief Zahi Hawass was quoted as saying.

“During excavation, the mission found antiquities from the Pharaonic, Greek, Roman and Islamic periods,” Hawass said.

The team also found a rare block which dates back to 3150 BC depicting the mythical leader known as the Scorpion King, as well as colourful mosaic plates with engravings of the Fatimid caliph Al-Zafir. (ANI)

Egyptian police kill Bedouin tribesman in shootout

EL-ARISH, Egypt, April 11 (Reuters) – Egyptian police shot and killed a man on Saturday in an exchange of fire with armed Bedouin men on a truck in north Sinai, security sources said.

Two police vehicles tried to stop the truck, but it rammed one of the vehicles and police opened fire, prompting Bedouin in the truck to fire back, a security source said .

One Bedouin man was killed in the exchange, and police were searching for three others who escaped after abandoning the truck, the source added.

Similar incidents of police killing Bedouin men have in the past escalated into full-blown hostilities between armed tribesmen and police, with violent protests and attacks on police and police outposts.

Security sources said the truck had no licence plates and contained stolen electrical cables and ammunition. Police have called in Bedouin tribal elders to try to identify the dead man, they added.

Northern Sinai is home to about 200,000 formerly nomadic Bedouin. It is one of Egypt’s poorest areas and unemployment is high. Bedouin say they are shut out of jobs in the lucrative tourism and petroleum sectors in Sinai.

Tensions between north Sinai Bedouin and police have never entirely subsided since Egyptian police detained thousands of young Sinai men several years ago when a series of bombings shook south Sinai’s tourist resorts. Most of them were freed without charge after months in custody, but many Bedouin complain of police harassment and abuse. (Writing by Aziz El-Kaissouni, editing by Tim Pearce)

Senior Fatah, Hamas leaders meet in Gaza

Gaza, April 9 (DPA) Leaders of the rival Hamas and Fatah movements held a meeting in Hamas-ruled Gaza Wednesday to discuss reconstruction of the Gaza Strip and mutual reconciliation.

The meeting between the two movements’ leaders is the first of its kind since Hamas’s takeover of the Gaza Strip in the summer of 2007 following weeks of bloodshed between the two groups’ warring militants.

Four Fatah leaders, headed by Abdallah el-Ifranji arrived at the office of Hamas spokesman in Gaza Ayman Taha to hold talks with four Hamas leaders headed by senior Hamas leader Salah el-Bardawil.

On Tuesday, Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas sent el-Ifranji and another Fatah leader to the Gaza Strip to look at the damage caused by a 22-day Israeli military offensive on the enclave that ended Jan 18.

A series of talks were held in Cairo last month between the two movements as well as with leaders of other Palestinian factions, but these failed to agree on the outstanding issues, mainly the formation of a new unity government.

After Hamas took control of Gaza, Abbas sacked the Hamas national unity government and nominated a new government headed by Salam Fayyad. Hamas kept its government in Gaza and rejected Abbas’ decree.

Fatah and Hamas have also agreed to hold another meeting in Cairo April 26.

Mysterious female “King” may have ruled Israel in ancient times

Tel Aviv, April 7 (ANI): A recent dig by Tel Aviv University archaeologists in Israel has uncovered evidence that a mysterious female ruler may have ruled the country in ancient times.

The legend is that the great rulers of Canaan, the ancient land of Israel, were all men.

But, Tel Aviv University archaeologists Professor Shlomo Bunimovitz and Dr. Zvi Lederman of the Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations have uncovered an unusual ceramic plaque of a goddess in female dress, suggesting that a mighty female “king” may have ruled the city.

If true, they say, the plaque would depict the only known female ruler of the region.

The plaque itself depicts a figure dressed as royal male figures and deities once appeared in Egyptian and Canaanite art.

The figure’s hairstyle, though, is womanly and its bent arms are holding lotus flowers – attributes given to women.

This plaque, art historians suggest, may be an artistic representation of the “Mistress of the Lionesses,” a female Canaanite ruler who was known to have sent distress letters to the Pharaoh in Egypt reporting unrest and destruction in her kingdom.

“We took this finding to an art historian who confirmed our hypothesis that the figure was a female,” said Dr. Lederman.

“We may have found the ‘Mistress of the Lionesses’ who’d been sending letters from Canaan to Egypt. The destruction we uncovered at the site last summer, along with the plaque, may just be the key to the puzzle,” he added.

Around 1350 BCE, there was unrest in the region. Canaanite kings conveyed their fears via clay tablet letters to the Pharaoh in Egypt, requesting military help.

But, among all the correspondence by kings were two rare letters that stuck out among the 382 el Amarna tablets uncovered a few decades ago by Egyptian farmers.

The two letters came from a “Mistress of the Lionesses” in Canaan.

She wrote that bands of rough people and rebels had entered the region, and that her city might not be safe.

Because the el-Amarna tablets were found in Egypt rather than Canaan, historians have tried to trace the origin of the tablets.

A few years ago, Tel Aviv University’s Professor Nadav Naaman suggested that she might have ruled the city of Beth Shemesh. But there has been no proof until now.

The discovery of the plaque, and the evidence of destruction recorded in the el-Amarna tablets, could confirm that the woman depicted in the figurine was the mysterious “Mistress of the Lionesses” and ruled Canaanite Beth Shemesh. (ANI)

At G20, matters of economics and faith

AS THE heads of the nations and CEOs get together for the G20 summit in London on Thursday to discuss and find a way out of the global economic crisis, they will also turn to religion for help. Aside from the ministerial brainstorm, a string of “imaginative events” will be held to address the crisis, including a special interfaith session at the UK Parliament’s House of Commons, with “Role of Religion in Solving Global Problems” as the theme.

Spiritual gurus, including a cleric from India, will address what many consider the meltdown beast: greed. The speakers will include Anil Bhanot of the Hindu Council, UK, Maulana Umair Ilyasi, secretary general, All-India Association of Imams, and Bishop Riah Abu El-Assal, former Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem.

“Moral and ethical underpinnings are crucial for the stability of our society. Ethical practice is important in all walks of life.

That is why it was decided to have an interfaith series. It will be attended by politicians and business people alike,” Robin Marsh, head of UK-based Universal Peace Federation, which is facilitating the religious session, said.

Financial follies triggered the sub-prime crisis in the US, marked by tax-dodging, bonus-guzzling and pension-pinching activities. At last year’s G20 summit in the US, a Washington Declaration was passed.

Among other proposals, a 47-point action plan included strengthening transparency and promoting integrity in financial markets. The G20 was set up after the Asian crisis wrecked several so-called tiger economies in the 1990s, prompting world leaders to have a forum involving more countries for wider economic debate.

New Delhi-based Ilyasi said he would speak on Islam’s views on greed for wealth, while Bhanot will speak on Hinduism’s perspective of moral codes of conduct in daily life.

Transcend Rolls Out Touch-Sensitive Digital Photo Frame PF810’ In India

To add more to its wardrobe, Transcend recently has launched its latest touch-sensitive Digital Photo Frame, called PF810 in the Indian market.

Transcend PF810, which comes with a LED lighted touch-sensitive menu interface, packs 2GB of integrated flash memory that guarantees users can easily display the complete photo collection in amazing clarity and detail without using a memory card.

With a bright new 8-inch 800×600 (4:3) color TFT LCD panel, the newly launched photo frame also comes with packed with multimedia playback capabilities, alarm clock, FM radio and electronic calendar.

Mr. Austin Huang, regional head – Sales, SAARC and APAC, stated, “This is much more than average digital photo frame as you can play music and videos in various formats and also tune in to your favourite FM stations.”

Moreover, the newly launched digital photo frame backs up the most popular digital camera formats such as JPG and BMP, and lets users to view pics in slideshow view, or in a convenient tiled thumbnail view.

The Automatic Orientation Sensor (AOS) of the frame adjusts image placement automatically on the screen for best viewing.

To further improve display performance, PF810 has an advanced new NaturaTone intelligent skin color processing and user-selectable color modes, which analyze the makeup of each image and improves colors for a more natural, realistic appearance.

Available in two variants, black and white, Transcend PF810 is priced at Rs 9,900.

Statue of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III to be resurrected

London, March 2 (ANI): An international team, with help from the British Museum has restored a colossal statue of Amenhotep III, grandfather of Tutankhamun and ruler of Egypt for more than 36 years, by raising it and giving back its head.

According to a report in The Times, the red quartzite statue, one of a set that stood around the courtyard of his funerary temple at Kom el-Hettan, near Luxor, fell centuries ago.

In the early 19th century, the British collector Henry Salt acquired its head, together with a second head from the same site, and both finished up in the British Museum.

The statue was one of a set that stood on the north side of the peristyle court of the temple, and shows Amenhotep III (reigned 1386-49BC) wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt.

The south side of the court had similar statues, but wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt.

The raw material for the northern statues came from Gebel el-Akmar in northern Egypt, that for the southern ones from the red granite quarries of Aswan in the far south.

Both types showed Amenhotep III with arms crossed and holding the insignia of rulership.

Now, efforts are on to resurrect the statue to its original form.

“Since the start of our work at the temple we have collected and grouped large parts of the torsos with thousands of smaller fragments,” said Dr Hourig Sourouzian, of the Armenian Academy of Sciences.

“In 2008, we added parts of the chest and completed the statue with an exact replica of one of the two heads now in the British Museum,” he added.

Michael Nielson, of the British Museum, made the replica head, which was then transported to Egypt and repositioned on top of the restored torso with the permission of the Egyptian authorities.

The project, which has already assembled large portions of other statues, of which there were probably a dozen, involved a team of 30 from a dozen nationalities, and continues its work this year. (ANI)

Report: Presumed Islamist terrorists kill nine in Algeria

Report: Presumed Islamist terrorists kill nine in Algeria Paris – Nine employees of a security company were killed in an attack by presumed Islamist militants in eastern Algeria, the daily El Watan reported on Monday.

Two other people were injured during the attack on the dormitory housing the security agents who had been hired by the Sonelgaz gas company in Tuzrarane, some 350 kilometers east of the capital Algiers.

The attackers first launched grenades at the building before storming it. The victims worked for the security company Spas, which has been targeted by attacks on several previous occasions. dpa

Archaeologists uncover ancient statutes of pharaohs in Egypt

New Delhi, Feb 20 (ANI): Archaeologists in Egypt have uncovered a statue of a pharaoh and a bust of the famous woman pharaoh Hatshepsut in the southern city of Luxor.

The three-meter Amenhotep statue was “dug out with only one damage in the nose and one in the teeth,” Moustafa el-Waziri, director of the archaeological mission, told the state MENA news agency.

He added that more antiques would be unearthed in the future.

Amenhotep III, or Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt. He ruled the country from 1411 B.C. to 1375 B.C. after his father Thutmose IV died.

Hatshepsut, or Hatchepsut, generally regarded as one of the most successful pharaohs, was the fifth monarch of the eighteen dynasty which dates back to 15th century B.C.

Being a woman, she wore a false beard to reinforce her authority while acting as the regent of her son, Thutmose III. (ANI)

“Risky” movie Camino scoops Spain’s Goya film awards

Madrid – The Spanish Cinema Academy was Monday seen as having made a bold choice in granting six Goya Awards to Javier Fesser’s film Camino (The Road), which depicts the influential conservative Catholic organization Opus Dei in a critical light.

Spain’s top movie awards, which were granted for the 23th time, were announced at a Madrid gala overnight.

Camino was “the riskiest and politically most uncomfortable” candidate, the daily El Mundo said, while El Pais described the movie as a “different” film on “spirituality, (and) on how Opus Dei manipulates the illness of a child.”

Camino took awards including best film, director, original screenplay, lead actress for Carme Elias as the terminally ill girl’s mother, and new actress for Nerea Camacho as the girl.

Based on a true story, the film shows how the girl’s mother, a militant of Opus Dei, tries to persuade her that her illness is a divine blessing, and the subsequent attempts to canonize her.

Other Goya awards included best actor for Puerto Rican-born Benicio Del Toro for his role as Argentine revolutionary Ernesto Che Guevara in US director Steven Soderbergh’s Spanish-language epic Che, el Argentino (Che the Argentinian).

The film is set in Cuba, where Guevara helped Fidel Castro overthrow Fulgencio Batista’s dictatorship.

Penelope Cruz took the Goya for best supporting actress for Woody Allen’s Vicky Cristina Barcelona, which has also earned her an Oscar nomination. (dpa)

Spain to buy carbon dioxide emission rights from eastern Europe

Madrid – Spain will become the first major buyer of surplus carbon dioxide emission rights from eastern Europe in an attempt to comply with the Kyoto Protocol, the daily El Pais reported Friday.

Spain has sealed with Hungary the purchase of a quota of 6 million tons of CO2, and is in talks about similar deals with Poland, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the daily quoted government sources as saying.

The Kyoto Protocol allows eastern European countries to sell surplus emission rights after closing contaminating factories in the early 1990s.

Spanish greenhouse gas emissions increased by 50 per cent between 1990 and 2007, though the Kyoto Protocol would only have allowed them to go up by 15 per cent.

The government calculates that Spain needs to buy emission rights to at least 159 million tons of CO2 to make up for pollution from transport and households, according to El Pais.

The government expects to spend 1.2 billion euros (1.7 billion dollars) on complying with the Kyoto Protocol, including the cost of green energy projects mainly in Latin America.

Spanish companies will also need to acquire emission rights if they exceed the limits set by the Kyoto Protocol.

The right of eastern European countries to sell emission quotas has been criticized by environmentalists, who say it allows countries not to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. (dpa)