Ancient mystery of red hats on giant Easter Island statues solved

London, September 7 (ANI): A team of archaeologists has solved the ancient mystery of why the odd-looking statues on the Easter Island statues wear red hats.

Up to one thousand years ago, the islanders started putting giant red hats on the statues.

According to a report by BBC News, the research team, from the University of Manchester and University College London, believes that the hats were rolled down from an ancient volcano.

Dr Colin Richards and Dr Sue Hamilton are the first British archaeologists to work on the island since 1914. They pieced together a series of clues to discover how the statues got their red hats.

An axe, a road, and an ancient volcano led to their findings.

“We know the hats were rolled along the road made from a cement of compressed red scoria dust,” Dr Richards said.

Each hat, weighing several tonnes, was carved from volcanic rock. They were placed on the heads of the famous statues all around the coast of the island.

Precisely how and why the hats were attached is unknown.

An axe was found in pristine condition next to the hats. The scientists think it might be an ancient offering.

According to Dr Richards, “These hats run all the way down the side of the volcano into the valley. We can see they were carefully placed. The closer you get to the volcano, the greater the number.”

“It’s like a church; you can’t just walk straight to the altar,” he added.

“The Polynesians saw the landscape as a living thing, and after they carved the rock, the spirits entered the statues,” he said.

Dr Richards and Dr Hamilton will be working on the island over the next five years.

“We will look to date the earliest statues. Potentially this could rewrite Polynesian history, Dr Richards added. (ANI)

Six kilometers of caves discovered in Easter Island

Santiago (Chile), July 14 (ANI): A team of experts has discovered a six-kilometer-long lava cave system on Easter Island thought to have been used as a refuge by the island’s inhabitants during the 16th century.

According to a report in The Santiago Times, the team confirmed that it is the largest cave on the island and the 11th-largest in the world in terms of area.

The expedition, which began in 2005 and focused on the Roiho sector in the east of the island, uncovered 45 caves with a host of archaeological finds, including arrowheads, spears, axes, utensils, petroglyphs (rock engravings), and some 30 human skeletons.

Cave experts, or speleologists, confirmed the caves were used by inhabitants of the island as refuge from tribal wars at a time when society was on the verge of collapse as a result of infighting, severe environmental degradation caused by deforestation, droughts, and famine.

“The most common use was in periods of tribal warfare, when the caves would turn into secret chambers where islanders would protect themselves,” explained Claudio Cristino, an archaeologist from the Universidad de Chile, who took part in the expedition.

“They also would have been used as a site to collect water,” he added.

Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui, is a Polynesian island located some 3,500 kilometers off the west coast of Chile. It was annexed by Chile in 1888, with its inhabitants given Chilean citizenship in 1966.

“It was our fourth expedition to Rapa Nui,” explained Jabier Les, president of the Spanish Alfonso Antxia Society of Speleological Sciences, which led the expedition alongside a team of Italian experts and Chilean archaeologists.

“In each expedition we charted the island and its caverns, being surprised by a series of finds. But to find a system of natural galleries more than six kilometers long in such a small, distant island was astonishing,” he added.

Prior to their exploration, the caves had aroused the interest of tour operators who told stories of islanders who continued to inhabit the caves to emulate the lives of their ancestors.

“It has been a revelation,” said Enrique Tucki, administrator of the Rapa Nui National Park. “We knew these caves existed – they have been there for centuries – but we had not taken into account their variety, quantity, and peculiarity,” he added.

The discovery will be featured in the TV show “Science Hunters,” for which state-owned TV network TVN is negotiating the rights. (ANI)

‘Fountain of youth’ anti-aging pill comes closer to reality

London, July 9 (ANI): An anti-aging pill may just have come one step closer to reality, with researchers finding that a drug, commonly used in humans to prevent transplanted organs from being rejected, helps extend the expected lifespan of mice by up to 14 per cent.

The study was led by three different US institutions, namely the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine.

David Harrison, who led the arm of the experiment that took place at the Jackson Laboratory, found that rapamycin, a compound first discovered in the soil of the Easter Island, extended the lives of middle-aged mice by 28 percent to 38 percent – even when given late in life.

The rapamycin was given to the mice in their food at an age equivalent to 60 years old in humans.

“You’ve probably heard the phrase ‘chance favours the prepared mind’, and this is an example of it,” Nature magazine quoted Harrison as saying.

Matt Kaeberlein, whose group at the University of Washington in Seattle works on ageing in mice, yeast and worms, also said that rapamycin might be mimicking the effects of dietary restriction, the only robust way to extend life in mammals until now.

However, both Harrison and Kaeberlein are yet to ascertain whether the drug could extend human life.

Harrison said: “I wouldn’t do it myself and wouldn’t encourage anyone to do it at this point.”

But that has not let him to drop the idea of daydreaming about it.

He laughingly added: “Of course, you can imagine we’ve been considering it ourselves. I’m 67, so it’s just about time for me to start my treatment, isn’t it?” (ANI)

Fish poisoning may be why Polynesians left paradise

Washington, May 19 (ANI): Scientists have come up with a theory that attributes the historic migrations of the Polynesians from the Cook islands to New Zealand, Easter Island and Hawaii in the 11th to 15th centuries, to fish poisoning.

The theory has been proposed by Teina Rongo, a Cook Island Maori from Rarotonga and a Ph.D. student at the Florida Institute of Technology, and his faculty advisers Professors Robert van Woesik and Mark Bush.

Based on archeological evidence, paleoclimatic data and modern reports of ciguatera poisoning, they theorize that ciguatera outbreaks were linked to climate and that the consequent outbreaks prompted historical migrations of Polynesians.

Ciguatera poisoning is a food-borne disease that can come from eating large, carnivorous reef fish, and causes vomiting, headaches, and a burning sensation upon contact with cold surfaces.

It is known that the historic populations of Cook Islanders was heavily reliant on fish as a source of protein, and the scientists suggest that once their fish resources became inedible, voyaging became a necessity.

Modern Cook Islanders, though surrounded by an ocean teeming with fish, don’t eat fish as a regular part of their diet but instead eat processed, imported foods.

In the late 1990s, lower-income families who could not afford processed foods emigrated to New Zealand and Australia.

The researchers suggest that past migrations had similar roots.

The heightened voyaging from A.D. 1000 to 1450 in eastern Polynesia was likely prompted by ciguatera fish poisoning.

There were few options but to leave once the staple diet of an island nation became poisonous.

According to van Woesik, “Our approach brings us a step closer to solving the mysteries of ciguatera and the storied Polynesian native migrations. We hope it will lead to better forecasting and planning for ciguatera outbreaks.” (ANI)