Delay in becoming a mum may be risky

London, September 16 (ANI): Women who have their first baby at an advanced maternal age may be more at risk of complications, says a recent UK study.

The team at the University of Cambridge found women who started menstruation early, from the age of 12 onwards, were more likely to require medical assistance during childbirth such as forceps, or a Caesarean section.

The effect was taken care of if these women began a family at an early age.

But such was not the case for older mothers. Previous research also found that the risk of a medically-assisted delivery shot up with a woman’s age at the time of her first birth.

“The main significance of this study is not that menarche is usefully predictive of the risk of complications, but that the current finding sheds light on why advanced maternal age at the time of first birth might be associated with increased risks,” The BBC quoted Researcher Professor Gordon Smith as saying.

Professor Philip Steer, BJOG editor-in-chief, however, added larger investigation was required before reaching conclusions about the impact of early onset of menstruation in women.

He advised: “It is particularly important for them to ensure they lead healthy lifestyles and maintain a normal body weight, as a high BMI during pregnancy is itself associated with poor uterine contractions and an increased need for operative delivery.”

The University of Cambridge study has been published in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (ANI)

Lee declares his goal for breaking 100 mph bowling speed barrier

London, Sep.14 (ANI): Fresh from destroying England with a scorching display of fast, swinging yorkers that skittled stumps all over Lord’s to help Australia seal a series-clinching 4-0 lead with three ODIs remaining, Brett Lee has declared his goal of breaking the 100mph (160.93km/h) speed barrier.

That feat would be worth a fair sum for a fast bowler who has already earned three million dollars in the past 12 months, according to Forbes magazine.

Lee could not force his way back into the side for the Ashes series and his Test future remains unclear but the 32-year-old remains far more marketable than his bowling peers.

The combination of blond-haired, blue-eyed good looks and sheer speed is an irresistible combination for some brands.

To date, only Pakistan’s Shoaib Akhtar has broken the 100mph limit, clocking 100.2mph (161.3km/h) during a World Cup match against England in 2003. Lee’s fastest delivery was recorded at 99.8mph (160.7km/h) at the same tournament.

“I know I’m in the team to try and bowl fast, there’s always talk about your age but I’m feeling really fit, probably the fittest I’ve ever felt,” Lee said after taking 5-49 at Lord’s on Saturday, clean-bowling four victims.

“I’m only 32 and I want to keep bowling in excess of 90mph for a long time yet but we’ll wait and see what happens with the body,” the Sydney Morning Herald quoted him, as saying. (ANI)

Here’s how Zimbabwe’s blind cricket commentator Dean du Plessis bowls audiences

London, September 12 (ANI): He was born blind and has never seen a single match in his life, but has proved that all one requires to become a great cricket commentator is a mix of erudite descriptions of action, comprehensive knowledge of great players, faultless recall of statistics, and needle-sharp sense of timing and judgment.

Needless to say, Zimbabwean-born Dean du Plessis, 32, possesses all these attributes, and has been delivering commentaries on matches for nine years.

He has shared the commentary box in Tests, one-day, and Twenty20 tournaments involving all the Test-playing nations in worldwide radio broadcasts.

The commentators he has worked with include Tony Cozier, Geoffrey Boycott, Ravi Shastri, and Australia’s former spin bowler Bruce Yardley, who himself lost an eye.

In 2004, du Plessis and Yardley made the first ever team to deliver a commentary with a single eye between them.

It is du Plessis’s accentuated sense of hearing that makes up for being sightless.

He relies upon sounds heard via the stump microphones to tell who is bowling from the footfalls and grunts, a medium or fast delivery by the length of time between the bowler’s foot coming down, and the impact of the ball on the pitch.

He can tell whether a delivery was a yorker from the sound of the bat ramming down on the ball, whether a ball is on the off or on-side, and when it’s hit a pad rather than bat.

When the wicketkeeper’s voice goes flat, du Plessis tells him a draw is in the offing.

Though he can’t play the role in the commentary box of the anchor, du Plessis can tell from the crowd noise whether a ball has been gathered in a fielder’s hands or spilled.

“I have to work with the anchor. I am the guy who supplies, well, the colour,” Times Online quoted him as saying.

Andy Pycroft, the Zimbabwean opening batsman from 1979 to 2001, said: “The thing about Dean is the intuition. The public love to listen to him. If he has the right person at anchor to support him he is brilliant.”

Du Plessis hated the “blind cricket” he was taught to play with a plastic-wrapped volleyball at the blind school he attended.

At 14, while feeling bored one day, du Plessis tuned the radio in to a station devoted to ball-by-ball commentaries, and that was what was to change his life.

“There was a phenomenal noise in the background, 80,000 people in a stadium in India, people roaring. I realised it was cricket. I was fascinated,” du Plessis said.

He pushed his way into the commentary box at Harare Sports Club in 2001, and was allowed to try out with the microphone.

He never looked back. (ANI)

Aptara meets increasing business growth with new delivery center

New Delhi, Sept 9 (ANI/Business Wire India): Aptara, Inc., a market leader in knowledge process outsourcing, today announced a major new delivery facility in Trivandrum, India. This leading-edge facility will be home to a Publishing Center of Excellence and to hundreds of professionals who provide advanced editorial, composition and production management services to Aptara’s key customers.

Aptara’s new center is located in Trivandrum’s Technopark, a 4 million sq. ft. campus housing over 150 global enterprises employing 20,000 knowledge workers. Aptara chose the location for its rich base of highly educated talent, state-of-the-art infrastructure, progressive business environment, and advantageous cost base. The Trivandrum operation will be the 4th of Aptara’s Indian delivery centers and will bring the company’s India headcount to over 4,000.

“Trivandrum represents an important strategic investment for Aptara,” said Dev Ganesan, Aptara’s president and CEO. “Increasing demand from our publishing clients has created the need for an additional center to provide advanced publishing services on a fully process-outsourced basis,” he added. “Building on our deep experience in serving the world’s leading publishers, the Trivandrum facility is positioned to become a global center of excellence for the kind of advanced services that publishers worldwide are now seeking from their business partners.” (ANI)

Enhancement of India, Russia trade ties

Moscow, Sep 3 (ANI): President Pratibha Devisingh Patil has expressed a desire to enhance bilateral trade ties with Russia.

While addressing a gathering of expatriate Indians and some prominent Russians during the course of her five-day visit, Patil said, the only area where India-Russia relationship is lagging is in the field of bilateral economic cooperation.

“When I look at our relationship, if there is anywhere I feel we are lagging behind, it is in the field of bilateral economic cooperation. For two economies with GDP’s of this size, economic structures that only point to our strong complementarities, close political ties, at all levels of government and strong desire of political leadership of both the sides to foster closer ties, India-Russia bilateral trade and investment ties remain much too modest,” Patil added.

Acknowledging the work done by the expatriate Indian community towards enhancing ties between both the countries, Patil said, “All of you have been working in some capacity or the other with India-Russia collaborators projects. It is your work that has provided the building blocks to the India-Russia strategic partnership.”

Reportedly, Russia is keen to double the trade with India to 10 billion dollars by 2010 and cement Indo-Russian relations despite trade with India lagging far behind Moscow’s economic ties with the European Union and China.

Russia sees India, a staunch ally of the erstwhile Soviet Union during the Cold War era, as an important partner to expand Russian influence in Asia, though Moscow and New Delhi have bickered over delays in the delivery of Russian military hardware.

Russia is aiding in the setting up of two 1,000-megawatt nuclear reactors at Kudankulam as part of a deal signed in 1988. Russia agreed in 2008 to build four more reactors at the site. By Pankaj Choudhary (ANI)

Charlotte Church has dropped three dress sizes

London, Aug 31 (ANI): Welsh singer Charlotte Church has reportedly dropped three dress sizes in the recent past.

She was recently spotted during the christening of son Dexter Lloyd at St Mary’s in Cardiff.

The beauty gave birth to the second child with Welsh rugby ace Gavin Henson earlier this year.

However, she seems to have gained a svelte figure after the delivery.

“Charlotte’s sensational after two kids,” the Mirror quoted a guest present at the event as saying. (ANI)

Robots may soon be serving the elderly at home just like humans do

Washington, August 29 (ANI): Elderly people with limited mobility may soon come to be served by robots in a manner as if they are being served by other persons, thanks to a collaborative study by three University of Illinois at Chicago engineers and a Rush University nursing specialist.

“We want to help elderly people communicate with robots, to tell them what they need, and to perform physical activities,” said Milos Zefran, UIC associate professor of electrical and computer engineering.

The three-year study, supported by a grant of 989,000 dollars from the National Science Foundation, is aimed at developing software to allow the elderly to communicate with robots that can respond to a wide range of verbal language, non-verbal gestures, and touch.

“If we can help the elderly remain independent and continue living in their own homes, that will improve their health outlook while relieving the burden on family members and health care providers,” said Zefran, the lead researcher.

The researchers say that their communication interface software will have at its core a novel adaptive and reliable recognition methodology called Recognition by Indexing and Sequencing (RISq), which will allow the robot to comprehend speech altered by impairments and to learn and adapt to such speech.

To enable a robot to understand and correctly respond to various forms of human touch, the researchers will combine techniques from natural language processing and haptics, a scientific term to describe the computerized sense of touch.

They say that the robot will also know how to respond to the user safely when performing everyday chores, such as cooking or making a bed.

“We’ll start by observing interaction between human helpers and the elderly. We’ll identify what kind of language, physical interactions and non-verbal interactions are used. Then we’ll develop a mathematical framework to model this interaction so it can be treated by the robot as a single way of communicating,” Zefran said.

The researchers say that they will program and test a robot, in order to devise refinements, as the project progresses.

“The human-robot interface is really a long-standing, open problem that won’t be solved in three years. But we’ll have a working prototype by then, and we’ll know what additional research needs to be done,” Zefran said.

He believes that this research project may also find widespread use in delivery of institutionally based health care, where routine tasks now done by nurses could be handled by robots.

“If robots can alleviate some of the burden nurses face, they then could spend more time where they’re really needed — providing the human contact that a robot can’t replace,” he said.

Zefran has revealed that his work will include developing seminars or a new graduate or upper-level undergraduate course that considers the various factors that allow robots to perform more sophisticated tasks. (ANI)

26/11 trial: Judge expresses surprise over Home minister’s statement

Mumbai, Aug 26 (ANI): Judge M.L Tahiliyani who is presiding over the 26/11 trial expressed surprise on Wednesday over Maharashtra Home Minister Jayant Patil’s statement that the verdict will be delivered on September 15.

“Your Home Minister makes a statement that the case will be over by September 15 but his officer has still not submitted documents in the court,” Judge Tahiliyani told to Special Public Prosecutor Ujwal Nikkam.

Nikkam, however, informed the court that he had personally spoke to Patil on the matter and Patil had clarified that the media had misquoted him.

He had remarked about recording of evidence are expected to be over by September 15 and not about the delivery of judgement, Nikkam said quoting Patil.

A section of media quoted Patil as saying that the judgement of 26/11 Mumbai attack case will be delivered on September 15.

Judge Tahiliyani is conducting the trial of lone surviving gunman Mohammed Ajmal Kasab and two accused members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, Faheem Ansari and Shahbuddin Ahmed.

He expressed concern over the non-submission of the opinion of ballistic expert to the court by the investigating officer.

The prosecution has examined 157 witnesses so far pertaining to the firing incidents of Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) firing, and Cama Hospital, stealing of Skoda car and the killing of Amarsing Solanki, the navigator of M V Kuber.

The incidents of Taj Hotel, Oberoi Hotel, Nariman House and explosions in two taxis are yet to be proved. (ANI)

Pressmart delivers newspapers on Kindle and Sony eReader

London, Aug 25 (ANI/Business Wire India): Pressmart, a leading provider of multi-channel news publishing services, today announced the availability of eEditions compatible for reading on eReader devices like Kindle and Sony.

This unique technology enables news publishers to attract new subscribers who wish to read news and access their favorite newspaper content on the eReader screen in its original format.

With this latest addition to Pressmart on-demand digital delivery platform, publishers can go digital on web, mobile, eReader, podcast and RSS in a matter of minutes even if they do not have any technical knowledge.

Additionally, Pressmart offers access to state-of-art marketing, subscription and advertising tools using which publishers can start monetizing from digital delivery from almost day one.

Publishers can also benefit from Pressmart’s content delivery partnerships with news aggregators, telecom carriers, leading distributors and handset majors such as Motorola, Airtel, Curtis, BSNL, Spice and Samachar.com.

Some of the leading publishing titles such as Philadelphia Inquirer, The San Diego Union-Tribune, Orlando Sentinel, Birmingham Post, Bangkok Post, theSun, Hindustan Times, Deccan Chronicle and Indian Express have partnered with Pressmart for repurposing content on new media delivery channels.

“Today’s product launch is an important milestone for Pressmart, reinforcing our position as a leading innovator in the digital publishing market and setting a new technology benchmark.” said Sanjiv Gupta, Chairman and CEO of Pressmart.

“It is our goal to continue to lead the evolution of the industry whilst delivering a first-class reading experience through our ‘Digital Editions’ in a format that today’s generation can use,” Gupta added. (ANI)

Pressmart Indonesia Print Media Awards launched

Indonesia, Aug 24 (ANI/Business Wire India): Pressmart Media Ltd, (www.pressmart.com), a global leader in the digital publishing and delivery solutions, today announced the launch of “Pressmart-Indonesia Print Media Awards (IPMA)” in a bid to recognize the best publishing houses in Indonesia over the calendar year 2009, just after associating with the magazine publishers in Singapore, for its awards as the lead sponsor.

IPMA will be conferred annually starting February, 2010, is the exciting new competition created to promote magazines, tabloids and newspapers – both in print and digital and also encourage the publishing industry in Indonesia.

The Indonesian leading newspaper publisher’s association, Serikat Penerbit Suratkabar (SPS) Pusat will host the Pressmart-Indonesia Print Media Awards.

The nominations are open to the registered members of the SPS and all other publications in Indonesia. IPMA finalist entries will be put in front of jury members led by Pressmart, SPS and highly reputed industry experts from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.

SPS Chairman, Dahlan Iskan said: “The Pressmart-Indonesia Print Media Awards are unique in recognizing excellence, innovation and outstanding creative output throughout the print media supply chain. These awards will set new benchmarks, bring new insights and most importantly be an ideal learning opportunity for publishing houses to succeed in today’s uncertain economy.”

“We are delighted to launch the first of its kind publishing awards in Indonesia,” said Sanjiv Gupta, Chairman and CEO of Pressmart.

“Most importantly, we want to recognize all of these inspirational print media houses and encourage the publishing industry in Indonesia for the amazing work that they do,” added Gupta. (ANI)

“Good guy” Akhtar’s attitude has been like this from his early years, says Zahid

Islamabad, Aug 24(ANI): Pakistani cricketer Shoaib Akhtar has lived a life under the media hammer for various off-field activities, but one person backs his activities, Mohammad Zahid.

Zahid, a former Pakistan fast bowler and the man rumoured to have bowled the fastest delivery ever in international cricket, came up the ranks in first class cricket with Akhtar, and both played together for PIA for three to four years.

Zahid said he was with Akhtar in the Pakistan junior squad and in international stage, and believes that Akhtar’s activities come to him naturally.

“His attitude has been like this from the early years! He hasn’t changed, it’s part of his makeup! He is not a bad character. He is a good guy!,” PakPassion.Net quoted Zahid, as saying.

“If I saw him I would give him the brotherly advice and say you have at most one or two years left in your career and concentrate just on cricket, as it would be good for him and for Pakistan if he knuckled down and kept his focus on cricket,” Zahid added.

Zahid further said that Akhtar’s fitness has always been dodgy, and said that his body’s anatomical condition is such that he would not be able to keep on bowling.

“His body’s anatomical condition is such that it isn’t made to play say 5 tests in a series for example. He can play 1 test and then he will say rest him, so his body and his joints can recover. This way he can play for 1 or 2 years longer,” Zahid said.

Zahid also said that Pakistani selectors should back Akhtar snd bear with him for just one or two years more, as he deserves to carry on playing. (ANI)

Painless ‘microneedle’ patch may end jab fear

Washington, Aug 20 (ANI): Scientists at the Georgia Institute of Technology have designed a painless patch that may someday make hypodermic needles as well as annual flu shots a thing of the past.

These patches, lined with tiny ‘microneedles,’ could make treatment of diabetes and a wide range of other diseases safer, more effective and less painful, according to the researchers.

Used as tiny hypodermic needles, they could improve treatment of macular degeneration and other diseases of the eye.

“It’s our goal to get rid of the need for hypodermic needles in many cases and replace them with a patch that can be painlessly and simply applied by a patient,” said Mark Prausnitz from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

“If you can move to something that’s as easy to apply as a band-aid, you’ve now opened the door for people to self-administer their medicine without special training,” he added.

Prausnitz said that advances in the electronics industry in microfabricating very small objects like transistors enabled the development of microneedles.

“We’ve built off those technological advances to address a need in medicine. We’re trying to bring the two worlds together,” he said.

Each needle is only a few hundred microns long, about the width of a few strands of human hair.

Prausnitz and his colleagues suggest that the microneedle patch could, for instance, replace yearly trips to the doctor for flu shots.

In a collaboration with Emory University, Prausnitz and his team administered flu vaccines via conventional injections and microneedle patches in mice.

After exposing the mice to the flu, they compared the resulting immune response and antibody levels. They found that the antibody levels were the same by either route.

Taking a closer look, they discovered that microneedle delivery resulted in a better protective immune response by other measures.

“Toward the goal of a flu vaccine patch, we are continuing the animal studies, but we’re also working toward our first human trial, which we hope to do in 2010,” Prausnitz said.

Microneedles are not just able to deliver drugs through the skin they can also be used for targeted drug delivery in the eye.

They may help create an improved treatment for macular degeneration.

The study has been presented at the 238th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. (ANI)

Conference of Secretaries of Administrative reforms tomorrow

New Delhi, Aug 20 (ANI): A conference of Secretaries of Administrative Reforms will be held here tomorrow.

It will be inaugurated by Prithviraj Chavan, Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

First of its kind, the day-long conference is being organized by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances.

Secretaries of Departments of Administrative Reforms of the States/Union Territories will take part in the Conference.

The conference aims to create a national platform to share experiences of the States in the field of reforms/initiatives undertaken by the department of Administrative Reforms in the States with a view to improve public service delivery, make the administration effective, transparent and accountable.

The conference will provide a forum for the various states to highlight the issues being faced by them in the area of administrative reforms.

The conference will deliberate on the role of Department of Administrative Reforms in the States and Union Territories.

The focus will be on the organizational structure of the administrative departments in the states, budget allocation and reform activities, challenges faced by them in the execution of reforms activities and assistance required by them from the Centre.

The conference will also focus on the implementation of second ARC recommendations pertaining to the states. (ANI)

CENTCOM chief Petraeus in Pak, to discuss weapons delivery

Islamabad, Aug.19 (ANI): U.S. Central Command chief General David Petraeus has arrived here to hold discussions with Pakistan’s military leaders on expediting delivery of US equipment to Pakistan so it can expand its offensive against Taliban militants.

The Dawn quoted US officials as saying that the Pakistan Army is short of equipment, and needs them for a large-scale ground operation.

‘It is part of a substantial effort to strengthen US-Pakistani military cooperation,’ US envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, Richard Holbrooke, told a news agency while referring to General Petraeus’s visit.

Holbrooke said on Tuesday that Washington was trying to expedite delivery of equipment requested by the Pakistani army, including helicopters and parts.

He said Pakistani army chiefs would also provide General Petraeus with their assessment of the battle in the Swat valley, northwest of Islamabad, after a three-month offensive in which Pakistani forces have pushed back militants.

The United States also wants Pakistan to move against other militant factions, based in various areas including North Waziristan, which focus on battling western forces in Afghanistan.

But Lieutenant-General Nadeem Ahmed, the Margala Corps Commander, said on Tuesday Pakistan would need months to prepare for a ground offensive against the Taliban in South Waziristan. (ANI)

Coaching should be aimed at honing cricketers’ natural skills: Rashid Latif

Karachi, Aug. 9 (ANI): Former Pakistan captain Rashid Latif has said that coaching techniques aimed at honing the natural skills of a player are more effective than those that fidget with the abilities of a player.

Speaking ahead of the start of the three-week NCA coaching camp, Latif said that he and his colleagues would ensure that the players were trained keeping intact their natural abilities.

As many as 28 players, who would attend the camp were picked on their potential and performances during the last domestic season, The Nation reports.

Latif recalled how a young fast bowler Ateeq-ur-Rehman was advised to change his bowling style, which eventually resulted in him losing the effectiveness that nature had given him.

He said Wasim Akram became the greatest left arm pacer because he was allowed to bowl in his natural style though some felt that his delivery style was not ideal for a left armer.

Hoping that the selected players would be mentally tougher at the end of the three weeks camp, Latif said special stress would be laid to teach the players about benefits of having a positive attitude. (ANI)

Prenatal malaria exposure ‘ups malaria, anaemia risk in some kids’

Washington, July 28 (ANI): A new study led by an Indian origin scientist has unravelled the mystery behind why some children are more susceptible to malaria infection and anaemia.

Lead researcher Indu Malhotra from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine suggests that children who are exposed to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria before birth become tolerant to the malaria parasites, or their soluble products.

This tolerance, which persists into childhood, reduces the ability of the immune system to attack and destroy parasites and increases the susceptibility of these children to develop a malaria infection.

It also increases their risk for anaemia.

“This is the first time it has been shown why some children are more susceptible to malaria and anaemia than other children,” said Malhotra.

“This study is timely given President Obama’s Global Health Initiative to assist developing countries to control malaria, one of the ‘big three’ diseases,” she added.

The researchers investigated how prenatal malaria exposure affects anti-malaria immunity in young children and their susceptibility to subsequent malaria infections.

They studied 586 Kenyan newborn babies, the researchers identified those children who had been exposed to P. falciparum malaria in utero.

The babies were classified into three groups: “sensitized” – those babies whose cord blood cells produce activating cytokines in response to the malaria antigens; “exposed, not-sensitized” – babies whose bodies did not produce activating cytokines but made an inhibitory cytokine; and “not-exposed”- babies born to mothers with no P. falciparum malaria infection at delivery.

The study involving Malhotra, Christopher King and colleagues from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Kenya Medical Research Institute and Division of Vector Borne Diseases showed that in first three years of life, the “exposed, not-sensitized” group had a 60 percent greater risk of malaria infection than the “not-exposed” group and a slightly higher risk of malaria infection than the “sensitized” group.

They also had lower hemoglobulin levels, a sign of anaemia, than the other babies. The T cells of “exposed, not-sensitized” children were less likely to make activating cytokines in response to malaria antigens.

The study appears in the open access journal PLoS Medicine. (ANI)

Signalling pathway operational in intra-abdominal fat identified

Washington, July 15 (ANI): Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) researchers and Germany-based University of Leipzig experts have announced the identification of a signalling pathway that is operational in intra-abdominal fat, the fat depot that is most strongly tied to obesity-related morbidity.

“Fat tissue in obesity is dysfunctional, yet, the processes that cause fat tissue to malfunction are poorly understood-specifically, it is unknown how fat cells ‘translate’ stresses in obesity into dysfunction,” said Dr. Assaf Rudich, senior lecturer from the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at Ben-Gurion University.

Fat tissue is no longer considered simply a storage place for excess calories, but in fact is an active tissue that secretes multiple compounds, thereby communicating with other tissues, including the liver, muscles, pancreas and the brain.

Normal communication is needed for optimal metabolism and weight regulation, but in obesity, fat (adipose) tissue becomes dysfunctional, and mis-communicates with the other tissues.

According to the researchers, this places fat tissue at a central junction in mechanisms leading to common diseases attributed to obesity, like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

The researchers highlight the fact that fat tissue dysfunction is believed to be caused by obesity-induced fat tissue stress: Cells over-grow as they store increasing amounts of fat. They say that this excessive cell growth may cause decreased oxygen delivery into the tissue; individual cells may die (at least in mouse models), and fat tissue inflammation ensues.

Excess nutrients, they add, may also lead to increased metabolic demands, and cause cellular stress.

The BGU and Leipzig teams collected fat tissue samples from people undergoing abdominal surgery, and identified a signalling pathway that is operational in intra-abdominal fat, the fat depot that is most strongly tied to obesity-related morbidity.

They say that the degree of activation of a signalling pathway from these individuals was compared with those of leaner people, those with obesity predominantly characterized by accumulation of “peripheral” fat, and those with obesity with predominant accumulation of fat within the abdominal cavity.

They found that the signalling pathway was more active depending on the amount of fat accumulation in the abdomen, and that it correlated with multiple biochemical markers for increased cardio-metabolic risk.

In their study report, they have revealed that the expression of one of the upstream signaling components, a protein called ASK1, predicts whole-body insulin resistance (an endocrine abnormality that is strongly tied to diabetes and cardiovascular disease), independent of other traditional risk factors.

The researchers have also shown that although non-fat cells within adipose tissue express most of this protein in lean persons, the adipocytes themselves increase its expression by more than four-fold in abdominally-obese persons.

“The importance of this study is not only in contributing to the understanding of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, but as a consequence, may provide important leads for novel ways to prevent the dangerous consequences, such as type 2 diabetes, of intra-abdominal fat accumulation,” states Dr. Iris Shai, a BGU researcher at the S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition and Soroka University Medical Center in Beer-Sheva, Israel.

The study has been published in the Endocrine Society’s the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. (ANI)

Pakistan Government’s record in handling return of refugees is not good

Washington, July 14 (ANI): The Pakistan Government’s record in handling the return of refugees is not good, and Islamabad is unprepared for the influx of people in the Swat Valley which can result in a loss of public opinion if the delivery of services is no better than before the Taliban’s seizure of the region, analysts have said.

Pakistan on Monday began returning more than two million refugees who were displaced by a government offensive against Taliban elements to the Swat Valley. The process will be closely watched by foreign governments, including in the United States, for signs of Pakistan’s ability to reverse a growing Islamist militancy.

Southeast Asia analysts and humanitarian-aid experts say that Pakistan’s heavily centralized government is unprepared for the massive return, The Christian Science Monitor reports.

“The Pakistani Government does not have a good track record when it comes to returning displaced populations, so this will be an important test,” says Patrick Duplat, a services advocate with Refugees International in Washington.

“If they once again send families back to areas that remain insecure and lack basic government services, the door will be open to more of the loss of public confidence that is so important for the government,” he said.

The specter of a nuclear-armed Pakistan destabilized by Islamist extremists who are allied with their brethren next door in Afghanistan prompted the US to encourage the government’s offensive in Swat in the first place, the CSM report says.

That gives the US not just an interest in seeing the Pakistani government succeed with its own people, but a “special responsibility” in assisting with a successful refugee return process, Duplat says.

He notes that after a similar displacement of residents in the northwest tribal areas last fall was followed by a “hasty” and “poorly planned” return, the same residents had to flee their homes a second time – a disruption that resulted in a precipitous loss of faith in the government.

Still, the Pakistani government may have reason to be more successful in the case of the Swat Valley. For one thing, Swat, which is north of the capital of Islamabad, is a long-settled area as opposed to the remote and semiautonomous tribal areas.

“So there’s reason for a certain amount of confidence that the government has a good read on the region,” says Lisa Curtis, a South Asia expert with the Heritage Foundation in Washington. (ANI)

Scientists unveil prostate cancer ‘homing device’ for drug delivery

Washington, July 7 (ANI): Purdue University researchers have come up with a new prostate cancer “homing device” that can improve detection, and allow for the first targeted treatment of the disease.

The researchers have revealed that they have synthesized a molecule that finds and penetrates prostate cancer cells, and created imaging agents and therapeutic drugs that can link to the molecule and be carried with it as cargo.

Philip Low, the Ralph C. Corley Distinguished Professor of Biochemistry who led the team, said that a targeted treatment could be much more effective in treating cancer and would greatly reduce the harmful side effects associated with current treatments.

“Currently none of the drugs available to treat prostate cancer are targeted, which means they go everywhere in the body as opposed to only the tumour, and so are quite toxic for the patient,” said Low, who is a member of the Purdue Cancer Center.

“By being able to target only the cancer cells, we could eliminate toxic side effects of treatments. In addition, the ability to target only the cancer cells can greatly improve imaging of the cancer to diagnose the disease, determine if it has spread or is responding to treatment,” Low added.

The Purdue team say that the molecule they have created attaches to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is found on the membrane of more than 90 percent of all prostate cancers.

Low points out that it is also found on the blood vessels of most solid tumours, and may provide a way to cut off the tumour blood supply.

“A lot of new drugs are being designed to destroy the vasculature of solid tumours, and, if they could be linked to this new targeting molecule, we could have a two-pronged attack for prostate cancer. We could not only kill the prostate cancer cells directly, we could also destroy the vasculature that feeds the tumours,” he said.

The researcher says that there also is potential for the targeting molecule to be used to attack the vasculature of solid tumours of other types of cancers.

Animal studies carried out by the researchers have shown an ability to eliminate human prostate cancer cells in mice, without any collateral toxicity in normal tissue.

“The molecule acts like a homing device for prostate cancer. PSMA, which is found only on prostate cancer cells and tumor blood vessels, acts as the homing signal that the molecule targets. The molecule and its cargo go only to cancerous tissue, leaving healthy tissue unharmed,” says Sumith Kularatne, a graduate student in Purdue’s chemistry department and first author of both papers who compared the targeting molecule to a homing device.

He has revealed that the molecule is designed with a specific shape that fits with the protein like a key to a lock. The molecule and its cargo are then carried inside the cell with the protein as it goes through its normal cycle.

A radioimaging application used for body scans is expected to enter clinical trials this fall, and an optical imaging application used to measure prostate cancer cells in blood samples is already in clinical trials.

The findings of the researchers have been described in two research articles published in the journal Molecular Pharmaceutics. (ANI)

Unique identity number to be rolled out in 12 to 18 months

New Delhi, July 6 (ANI): Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Monday said that the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) will establish an online database with identity and biometric details of Indian residence and provide enrolment and verification services across the country.

Presenting the budget proposals for the year 2009-10 in Lok Sabha, Mukherjee said: “The first set of unique identity numbers will be rolled out in 12 to 18 months. A provision of Rs. 120 crore has been proposed for this project.”

He also said that the setting up of the UIDAI is a major step in improving governance with regard to delivery of public services. Expressing happiness.

“This project also marks the beginning of an era where top private sector talent in India steps forward to take the responsibility for implementing the projects of vital national importance,” he added. (ANI)