South African leaders urge continued passion for cup

(Reuters) – South African leaders, concerned that flagging African fortunes will undermine interest in the continent’s first World Cup, are urging the population to stick with the tournament even if their side is eliminated.

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FIFA and local organizers have long been concerned that South Africa’s early elimination, which now looks inevitable, would reduce not only the crowds and passion but also dilute the unifying effect of the tournament in a country still torn by racial and social divisions.

South Africa’s slim chances of avoiding the ignominy of being the first host nation eliminated in the first round depend on a big win over France on Tuesday.

This looks unlikely based on their uninspiring form, even though France, winners in 1998 and runners up in 2006, are themselves torn by bickering and dissent.

Even the Bafana Bafana players now seem resigned to defeat and are concentrating on going out with honor.

South Africans are, however, likely to have few other African teams, if any, to support in the second round.

Cameroon were the first team eliminated from the World Cup after defeat by Denmark on Saturday night and Ghana is the only team to have won so far in the tournament.

Some of the coldest winter weather on record and the disappointing African results have already left fan parks virtually empty in many places.

South African leaders issued statements emphasizing that the country will have scored a major success even if their team is eliminated because of the kudos and economic impact of hosting the continent’s first edition of the tournament.

“The success of the World Cup is our success. As a country and as a continent, we have already won….no one can take that feeling and pride away from us,” said President Jacob Zuma.

SUPPORT UNTIL THE END

Chief local organizer Danny Jordaan said he was confident South Africans would “continue to support the World Cup until the end.”

Business leaders canvassed by South Africa’s Sunday Times newspaper also called for continued support and emphasized the economic benefits of hosting the tournament, primarily through future investment, tourism and the boosting of infrastructure.

The paper quoted Jabu Mabuza, executive chairman of the big Southern Sun hotel chain, as telling his staff: “In reality, we in our heart of hearts would never have expected to win the World Cup and hence lets celebrate not the result but rather what the World Cup means for all of us.”

“Even if we as a country don’t go through to the next round, we have so much to celebrate,” he said.

Analysts say the World Cup has already united the races in South Africa in a wave of nationalism that swept the country in the weeks before the tournament began on June 11.

This event has been compared to the 1995 rugby World Cup when Nelson Mandela wore a Springbok shirt in a masterful political gesture that reassured whites still nervous one year after the end of apartheid, when civil war still seemed possible.

But the Springboks won that year, in contrast to Bafana Bafana’s poor performance in this much bigger event.

In any case, although analysts believe pride over hosting the tournament successfully despite a sea of negative reporting beforehand will be a unifying factor, they say this will be a temporary phenomenon as it was in 1995.

Only major progress in reducing the army of poor and unemployed and the correction of some of the world’s greatest wealth disparities will really unite this troubled nation, and that could take years, not a month-long sports event, they say.

(Editing by Ossian Shine)

Mixed emotions for Ghana’s Serbian coach after win

(Reuters) – Ghana’s Serbian coach Milovan Rajevac was delighted to hand Africa its first win in the 2010 World Cup after his team beat Serbia 1-0 on Sunday, but admitted he also felt sorry for his defeated compatriots.

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After African teams managed two defeats and a draw in the opening two days of the month-long tournament, Ghana gave the success-hungry continent plenty to cheer about after an Asamoah Gyan penalty downed 10-man Serbia.

“We are happy that an African team has beaten a good European team and we hope that the whole of Africa is celebrating the continent’s first win in the 2010 World Cup,” Rajevac told a post-match news conference.

“It was a very difficult match and a clash of contrasting styles, so I have to congratulate my players for a valiant effort because they kept going until the end,” he added.

But Rajevac also had mixed emotions about beating Serbia in their opening Group D match and said he hoped both teams would qualify for the last 16.

“This is the greatest win of my career but I also feel sorry for Serbia, I saw the anguish on the players’ faces after the final whistle.

“I had a job to do and I did it professionally but I hope my countrymen win their next two games against Germany and Australia, I wish them the best of luck.”

Gyan, who missed a penalty against Czech Republic in the 2006 World Cup when the Ghana reached the last 16, said he was completely relaxed before taking the spot-kick against Serbia.

“I felt no pressure taking the penalty because I came here full of confidence after a good season with my club,” said the striker who plies his trade for Ligue 1 side Rennes.”

“We knew what the Serbians could do, we were tactically perfect and waited for them to make the mistakes and we were lucky to benefit from one.

“I think the whole of Africa will relish what the Black Stars did today.”

(Additional reporting by Felix Bate; Editing by Michael Holden)

American boy falls to death in Cape Town

(Reuters) – An 11-year-old American boy, hiking with his family on Table Mountain, South Africa, fell to his death on Saturday, Cape Town city officials said on Sunday.

U.S.

A rescue services spokesman said the boy slipped while climbing up a tricky section of Skeleton Gorge, falling into a stream.

The unidentified boy, who was with his brother, mother and father, was declared dead at the scene.

Thousands of tourists have flocked to South Africa to watch the continent’s first soccer World Cup, and Table Mountain is among the most popular tourist destinations in the country.

(Reporting by Wendell Roelf)

World Cup dreams lie far away for wannabes

John Auta shelters every night in a Lagos liquor store and dreams of a passport to riches in Europe as a top footballer.

Football comes to South Africa when the World Cup begins next Friday (June 11) but many of the continent’s young hopefuls still believe a ticket to Europe is the only hope of realising their footballing dreams. John is one of many.

Despite the pride surrounding the biggest sporting event held on the continent, the majority of players in the West African squads play for European clubs, reinforcing a view that only those who make it out of Africa can make it big.

It is a journey pitted with challenges.

“If you play football, Lagos is where you can make it,” said John Auta, a 19-year-old Nigerian who represented his country in the Homeless World Cup in Milan last year and is hoping for an invitation from a European agent on the back of his performance.

“You have the agents, you have the people. You get your paper and before you know it, you’re in Europe. Lagos is the gateway to success,” Auta said from behind the counter of a liquor store where he stays each night.

Like many in Nigeria’s most populous city, Auta is from somewhere else. He came from the northern city of Kaduna after his parents were killed in a car crash, one of more than 1,000 newcomers to Lagos each day, adding to a population of over 14 million all competing for limited jobs and resources.

Football is his great hope.

His Milan performance caught the eye of a Czech coach who sent him an invitation to go and train. But he was unable to afford the visa fee, let alone the plane ticket.

A Hungarian agent who also spotted him in Milan has promised an invitation once he has secured accommodation, but money remains a problem.

Despite the many diversions of a city like Lagos, Auta is focused. He does not drink or smoke. He trains as often as he can on a small concrete pitch.

Search and Groom, a Nigerian civil society group that helps frustrated talent, selected Auta to represent Nigeria at the Homeless World Cup last year. He missed out on the tournament the previous year in Australia due to a cancelled flight.

“It felt good wearing a jersey with my name. I felt like I was playing for the Super Eagles,” Auta said, referring to Nigeria’s national team. “I was proud to represent my country.”

But Search and Groom lacks the funds to send Auta to Europe. His Italian and Australian visas are so precious they have increased his passport’s value on the black market and he keeps it locked away at a friend’s house.

FAKE AGENTS

Like much of Africa, Nigeria is soccer mad.

Most people support an English premier league side and many young hopefuls see the success of Nigerians such as Chelsea midfielder John Obi Mikel and Nwankwo Kanu, one of the most decorated African players, as within their reach.

But fake agents and bogus organisations abound, ready to exploit the dreams of young hopefuls.

“I see a lot of people who do funny things, like telling poor kids if you want to be a star footballer, come and pay 3,000 naira ($20),” said Yomi Kuku, Search and Groom’s founder.

“Hundreds of thousands of poor people go to pay into the banks … It is so embarrassing,” he said.

Kuku founded Search and Groom eight years ago in Ajegunle, a sprawling working class Lagos neighbourhood that has produced top players including former national coach Samson Siasia and Emmanuel Amuneke, 1994 African Footballer of the Year.

The organisation has since spread to other Lagos communities with some support from world football’s governing body FIFA but remains short of funds to help those like Auta.

“My hope for John is that he’ll achieve his aim in life. He wants to be a footballer and wants to go back to school … He is disciplined but time isn’t on his side. We don’t have funding to help him but we’ve reached out to our contacts,” Kuku said.

OBTAINING PERMITS

Even for those young African players lucky enough to have the financial backing to get to Europe, challenges remain.

European clubs need to be convinced they are on to a real star before they will consider negotiating the bureaucratic obstacles to obtaining permits including visas, agents say.

“Work permits require a lot of documents and often the documents they ask for have to be sent from Nigeria,” said Joseph Nnachi, a FIFA-certified agent, alluding to the challenge of finding records in largely uncomputerised government offices.

“It is not enough for African players to be as good or even twice as good as European players. They need to be 10 times better,” said Nnachi, who is based in Britain.

Poor record keeping in Nigeria and other African nations can lead to questions over documents such as birth certificates too.

When smaller European clubs buy African players they often plan to resell them later to larger clubs. Once the player regularises his status in Europe and gains experience, it is easier for him to move from one team to another.

But that can make a 25-year-old African player a poor investment, deepening the incentive to lie about age.

“European clubs have it at the back of their minds that the African player is older than he says he is. At 25 or 26, his worth drops,” said Nnachi.

Auta has age on his side. Others have seen their hopes fade.

Athletic and youthful, Rufai Abubakar, 38, could pass for half his age, and indeed he has. After trials in Senegal and Ivory Coast and playing for teams in Ghana and Turkey, he is just making peace with the fact he will not be a top footballer.

“Football is about chance,” said Abubakar, who has set up a tailor’s shop with the experience gained while in Senegal.

“If they asked me to speak to a thousand boys who wanted to be footballers, I would tell them to get an education first.”

(For more Reuters Africa coverage and to have your say on the top issues, visit: http://af.reuters.com/ )

(Editing by Nick Tattersall/Jon Bramley)

Worried UEFA to put brakes on clubs’ reckless spending

With half of Europe’s leading clubs losing money and more than 20 percent facing huge deficits, UEFA is set to call time on their lavish spending.

On Thursday, the executive committee of European soccer’s governing body is expected to approve new financial regulations which will ultimately throw clubs out of European competition who consistently do not operate within their means.

President Michel Platini’s “Financial Fair Play” plan, approved in principle last September and fine-tuned by former Belgium Premier Jean-Luc Dehaene, would come into force in 2012 and impel clubs to break even over a three-year period.

The rules will not affect domestic leagues, which fall under the responsibility of national associations but clubs that do not conform could ultimately be excluded from European competition.

UEFA said this week that there would be exceptions where losses happen because a club is building a new stadium or investing money in a youth academy.

SPENDING RECKLESSLY

The new policy is not just aimed at the big clubs with rich benefactors but also stopping smaller ones spending recklessly in an attempt to try and join the big fish.

“We’re not trying to level the playing field,” said a UEFA spokesman. “We want to make sure that the middle-ranked clubs don’t go spending millions which they don’t have as they try to compete with the big clubs.”

“The underlying principle is that clubs cannot repeatedly spend more than their generated revenues.”

The European Clubs Association (ECA), which includes all of the continent’s biggest clubs, has supported and agreed to the proposals.

UEFA has become increasingly alarmed at the financial situation of the continent’s clubs.

Portsmouth became the first Premier League club to go into administration earlier this season and have debts of more than 119 million pounds ($171.3 million).

They were docked nine points by the Premier League and were eventually relegated after finishing bottom of the league.

They are not the only club in the world’s most followed soccer league where spending far outbalances their income.

In an interview with Reuters in March, general secretary Gianni Infantino said that a UEFA report had analysed 650 clubs all over Europe and found that half were making losses every year, with 20 percent losing more than 20 percent of their revenue.

Platini said recently that financially responsible clubs had been at a disadvantage on the playing field.

“The many clubs across Europe that continue to operate on a sustainable basis are finding it increasingly hard to co-exist and compete with clubs that incur costs and transfer fees beyond their means and report losses year-after-year,” he said.

“For the health of European club football, those many clubs that operate with financial discipline and sustainable business plans must be encouraged and this is why the entire football family requested and expressed full and unanimous support for the principles of financial fair play.” (Editing by Jon Bramley)

Oliver Stone has no intention of quitting the film industry

London, May 21 (ANI): Veteran director Oliver Stone has revealed that he has no plans to quit films.

The filmmaker said he has just finished working on a documentary called South Of The Border, which is to be released in June (10).

It looks at Hugo Chavez and the revolution in South America.

The documentary features a road trip through the continent where eight presidents are interviewed about Chavez, reports The Mirror.

When asked if he has any plans to stop directing soon, he said: “No. I hope to get these documentaries done – they are very important to me – and go back to films early next year.” (ANI)

Collingwood hopes T20 victory will spur England to dominate world cricket

London, May 19 (ANI): England’s Twenty20 winning skipper Paul Collingwood is adamant that the team must use their victory as a springboard to dominate world cricket.

Collingwood and his teammates returned to London on Tuesday still basking in the glory of beating Australia in Twenty20 final in Barbados, and says he hopes that the sort of attacking cricket that England played in the Caribbean can be equally incorporated into their Test and 50-over play.

“The brand of cricket that we’ve played over the last few weeks has been fantastic. The confidence, the self-belief that we showed on the big occasion on Sunday was pleasing,” The Independent quoted Collingwood, as saying.

“It’s a brand of cricket that we’re going to keep trying to improve. We’ve got to adapt it to different conditions – we’ve got a 50-over World Cup coming up next year in the sub-continent.

“I’m pretty certain that Strauss and Flower will want us to continue with that same type of cricket and I’m sure if we go out with that same mentality we’re going to scare a lot of sides in the way that we play,” he said.

The ICC T20 World Cup is the first global trophy that England had ever won and Collingwood is determined to ensure the likes of Craig Kieswetter, Eoin Morgan, and Kevin Pietersen build on that success in a busy 12 months ahead.

England now face Bangladesh and Pakistan, then travel to Australia to defend the Ashes before taking part in the next international tournament on the ICC schedule – the 50-over World Cup in February.

“The one thing we want to do is become better and better and if you stop and be happy with what you achieved then you don”t move anywhere,” Collingwood said.

“I think if you look at the great sides of the last 20 years, like Australia for example, they have gone and experienced these World Cup wins time and time again and that’s where we have to get to as a cricket team.

“The players are desperate to continue this kind of form and this brand of cricket and hopefully that will take us on to win a lot of silverware in the future,” Collingwood said. (ANI)

Sehwag is the best Twenty20 batsman: Warner

St. Lucia, Apr 30(ANI): Australian opening batsman David Warner believes that his Delhi Daredevils’ team-mate Virender Sehwag is the best Twenty20 batsman he has seen.

“In terms of batsman in T20 it is hard to go past Sehwag when he gets going, but there are so many good players going around,” Fox Sports quoted Warner, as saying.

Sehwag had topped the list of run-scorers for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League season three.

The dashing opener made 346 runs at 25.42 from 14 games, but will not be taking part in the Twenty20 World Cup in the West Indies after suffering a shoulder injury.

Warner also said that Australia is a strong contender to win the tournament, and he reckons teams from the sub-continent, including India, will be the biggest dangers.

“The sub-continent teams are obviously tough because the wickets tend to be slow and low here. Obviously we need to just get through our group and then we play either India or Sri Lanka I think so the sub-continent teams look like they will be our biggest challenge,” Warner said.

The 23-year-old has been in remarkable form ahead of the tournament, and scored his second successive half-century to guide Australia to a thumping 101 run victory against Windward Islands in their final warm-up match.

He goes into Australia’s Group A clash with Pakistan on Sunday in top form after blasting 72 from 49 balls in Tuesday’s one-run loss to Zimbabwe. (ANI)

Purple pokeberries may hold secret to cheap solar power

Washington, Apr 30 (ANI): Pokeberries, the weeds that kids smash to stain their cheeks purple-red, may help spread solar power across the globe, believe researchers at Wake Forest University”s Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials.

Nanotech Center scientists have used the red dye made from pokeberries to coat their efficient and inexpensive fiber-based solar cells. The dye acts as an absorber, helping the cell”s tiny fibers trap more sunlight to convert into power.

Pokeberries proliferate even during drought and in rocky, infertile soil. That means residents of rural Africa, for instance, could raise the plants for pennies. Then they could make the dye absorber for the extremely efficient fiber cells and provide energy where power lines don”t run, said David Carroll, Ph.D., the center”s director.

“They”re weeds,” Carroll said. “They grow on every continent but Antarctica.” (ANI)

Akram backs India, Pakistan as joint favourites for ICC T20 title

Karachi, Apr.29 (ANI): Former Pakistan fast bowler Wasim Akram has backed both India and defending champions Pakistan as favourites to lift the ICC World T20 Championship, starting April 30 in the West Indies.

Akram said both the sub-continental giants have the talent and passion to take home the coveted silverware.

“Australia and South Africa are also capable of winning but the nature of the West Indies pitches make Pakistan and India favourites, because they will help sub-continent spinners,” The Daily Times quoted Akram, as saying.

He said that since the Pakistani team has not played much international cricket in the recent past, it has the hunger to do well.

“Pakistan have been starved of cricket, so they have the thirst to win the title again,” Akram said.

He pointed that Pakistan has got a fighter in skipper Shahid Afridi, who possess the aggression needed at the international stage.

“You need someone like Afridi as captain in Twenty20 cricket. He has aggression needed in a leader and in a short Twenty20 match he will always sparkle,” Akram said.

He said the Pakistan squad has a number of talented players who can rise to the occasion and create trouble for even the best teams in the world.

“Look at the available talent, Afridi can single-handedly win a Twenty20 match as he is equally lethal with bat and ball, and then the depth in bowling makes Pakistan favourites,” said the former pacer, who is regarded as one of greatest swing bowlers of all time.

Speaking about India’s chances, Akram said: “What I have seen is a remarkable passion in the Indian players as well as in the public to win this title, and they too have a very good team.”

Akram said that a final between the 2007 champions India and the defending champions Pakistan is what he is looking forward for.

“You cannot rule out an Indo-Pak final, which will do a world of good for international cricket,” he said. (ANI)

Hockeyroos beat Chile, Cup hopes unclear

Hockeyroos captain Madonna Blyth admits it is hard having the side’s hopes of reaching the women’s World Cup clouded by the travel crisis caused by a volcano eruption in Iceland.

The Australian team is in Chile awaiting teams from Ireland, Scotland and Malaysia to join it for a five-nation qualifying tournament, where the winner will secure a berth at the World Cup, to be held in Argentina later this year.

The Irish and Scottish teams cannot leave Europe because of the huge shroud of dust in the air across the continent caused by last week’s eruption of the Eyjafjoell volcano.

Malaysia was originally set to travel to Chile via Europe, but is understood to be making changes to its travel plans.

The Hockeyroos beat Chile – the other nation in the qualifying tournament – 4-0 in a warm-up game on Tuesday (AEST), and are likely to play another scratch match against the host nation this week while officials determine what shape the tournament takes.

The tournament is scheduled to start on Saturday, and played on a round-robin basis before a May 2 final.

Australia’s first tournament game is scheduled for Sunday, against Chile.

Blyth said the uncertainty was a worry for all five teams, but all the Hockeyroos could do was hope for the best and prepare like they were playing.

“The hardest thing is not knowing, you’re not really sure what’s going to happen,” she said.

“But we just have to prepare for whatever happens and I think our group’s quite good at that.

“Hopefully we play the tournament that we’re supposed to play and those teams arrive, but if it changes slightly we’re ready no matter what for the first game, ready to play.”

Australia is desperate for Ireland, Scotland and Malaysia to arrive in Santiago, as Hockey Australia has indicated it cannot afford to pay for more expensive flights and accommodation costs if the tournament is relocated to another country.

The Hockeyroos and Chile were locked 0-0 at half-time, but after the break Nicole Arrold and Kobie McGurk converted from penalty corners and Claire Messent and Amy Korner scored field goals to seal a comfortable win.

“We did quite well, we haven’t played Chile before and we haven’t seen a lot of them, so we weren’t sure what to expect,” Blyth said.

“But considering it was our first game over here I think it was quite good and to get used to the conditions will be an advantage going into the tournament.”

McGurk’s goal capped a sound return to the international ranks after 10 months out through a serious knee injury.

Australia was forced to qualify through this tournament because it lost to New Zealand in Oceania qualifying last year, but are a warm favourite to win in Santiago.

Brain drain, low investment hamper African science

LONDON, April 12 (Reuters) – Africa’s contribution to the global body of scientific research is very small and does little to benefit its own populations, according to a report from Thomson Reuters (TRI.N) released on Monday.

Like India and China, Africa suffers from a “haemorrhage of talent”, the report said, with many of its best brains leaving to study abroad and failing to return.

“The African diaspora provides powerful intellectual input to the research achievements of other countries, but returns less benefit to the countries of birth,” Jonathan Adams, director of research evaluation at Thomson Reuters, said in a statement as the report was published.

More information about the report is available here Adams and colleagues, who use a Thomson Reuters database to track scientific publications, found that three nations dominate Africa’s research output — with South Africa leading by a long way, ahead of Egypt in second place and then Nigeria.

“Africa’s overall volume of activity remains small, much smaller than is desirable if the potential contribution of its researchers is to be realised for the benefit of its populations,” said Adams.

The report found that part of the problem was down to a “chronic lack of investment in facilities for research and teaching” — a deficit the authors said must be remedied.

Adams said the reason behind this was not simply money: “The resources available in some African countries are substantial, but they are not being invested in the research base.”

In fields of research relevant to natural resources, however, the study found a relatively high representation of African research as a share of world publications.

South Africa’s 1.55 percent share of research in plant and animal science is the continent’s biggest share in any field, it said, with this output surpassing Russia’s 1.17 percent but well behind China’s 5.42 percent share in the same field.

The report pointed to a few examples of countries which, despite low output, produced much higher quality research than larger neighbours.

Malawi, for example, with one-tenth the annual research output of Nigeria, produces research of a quality that exceeds the world average benchmark while Nigeria hovers at around half that impact level, the report said.

“The challenges that the continent faces are enormous and indigenous research could help provide both effective and focused responses,” it added.

The study is part of a series showing the changing landscape and dynamics of scientific research around the world.

Previous studies found that China had more than doubled its output of scientific papers to rank second only to the United States in terms of volume, while Russia’s influence in science and scientific industries was rapidly shrinking. [ID:nN02461423] [ID:nN25198050]

(Editing by Michael Roddy)

Bayern Munich to ditch trusted man-marking tactics to stop Rooney

London, Mar 29 (ANI): Manchester United ace striker Wayne Rooney has Bayern Munich so worried that they are ready to ditch their tried and trusted man-marking tactics in a bid to somehow stop the England star, who is in the form of his life.

Rooney has notched 33 goals for the Red Devils this season and was rested for the 4-0 hammering of Bolton on Saturday, but can expect to find himself back in the playing eleven when he returns to action at the Allianz Arena.

Bayern skipper Mark van Bommel said: “It will not be easy to deal with Rooney because he is such a good player.”

“We normally man-mark players like him but I don”t think we can with him because he is too good. We will have to defend zonally so that more than one player can take care of him,” The Sun quoted Bommel, as saying.

The special arrangements Bayern are making for Rooney is a testament to his outstanding form this season and his enhanced reputation across Europe.

Bommel is under no illusions as to the size of the task his team face in trying to prevent 24-year-old Rooney and United reaching the last four of the continent’s elite competition.

The Dutch international said: “It will be a very difficult tie because United, along with Barcelona, are the favourites to win the Champions League. I also don’t think it is an advantage for us to play the first game at home.

“But we played the first game at home against Fiorentina in the last round and we came through. If we draw 0-0 here and score in Manchester then we will have the advantage.” (ANI)

LiLo to be banned from visiting India?

London, March 19 (ANI): The Indian government may ban Lindsay Lohan from visiting the country again, after she entered the sub-continent last year to shoot a BBC documentary without a work visa.

The actress has also been slammed for making a false claim that she personally rescued 40 child laborers, as part of the documentary.

Activists, who led the raids, leading to the rescue of the child laborers, have claimed that the ”Mean Girls” star had arrived in India only after the raids had been completed, reports the Telegraph.

Lohan had said: “Over 40 children saved so far … Within one day”s work … This is what life is about … Doing THIS is a life worth living!

“Focusing on celebrities and lies is so disconcerting, when we can be changing the world one child at a time … hope everyone can see that.”

Senior civil servants in New Delhi will soon decide if she deserves to be added to an immigration blacklist. (ANI)

Antarctica’s secret water network far more dynamic than believed

London, September 15 (ANI): The first complete map of the lakes beneath Antarctica’s ice sheets reveals the continent’s secret water network is far more dynamic than we thought, and could be acting as a powerful lubricant beneath glaciers, contributing to sea level rise.

According to a report in New Scientist, Ian Joughin at the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues developed the map.

Unlike previous lake maps, which are confined to small regions, Joughin and colleagues mapped 124 subglacial lakes across Antarctica using lasers on NASA’s ICESat satellite.

The team also observed the lakes draining and filling.

While interior lakes tended to be static, many coastal lakes changed significantly. Some even appear to be connected by channels under the ice hundreds of kilometres long.

For instance, when upstream lakes under the Recovery glacier drained 3 cubic kilometres of water, lakes downstream gained a similar amount.

Water flowing under glaciers can act as a lubricant, causing land ice to accelerate into the sea and add to rising sea levels.

“The implications for the flow of ice are potentially quite significant,” said Andy Smith of the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, UK.

“Those lakes with no clear drainage channels are of particular interest because they could be spreading a thin film of lubricating water under glaciers,” he added. (ANI)

Australia to safeguard international students

Canberra (Australia), Sep. 14 (ANI): Australia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Education Minister Julia Gillard said every effort would be made by her government to ensure the safety of international students in the country.

She was speaking on the opening day of a two-day round table meeting in Canberra on Monday to discuss major issues of concern for international students, Sinhua reports.

The overseas student industry, worth 15.5 billion Australian dollars, has been under scrutiny following an outcry earlier this year over violence against Indian students.

“When you’re talking about these grossly objectionable, violent incidents, you’re talking about a number of less than 10 and we are talking about around 100,000 Indian students in the country,” Gillard later told reporters.

“But I can understand why, having seen even one incident — mums and dads having sent their sons and daughters far from home to study would be concerned,” she added.

Gillard told the 31 assembled students, representing every continent on the globe, their voice was deeply important.

She said their views will be fed into Council of Australian Governments (COAG) deliberations on how to boost the international student experience and a parliamentary review that is currently underway. (ANI)

510-year-old church in Newfoundland may be New World’s oldest Christian site

Ottawa, September 7 (ANI): In a new project, a team of archeologists is planning to search for the remains of a 510-year-old church on the western shore of Conception Bay, Newfoundland, which may be the oldest Christian site in the New World.

According to a report in the National Post, the project is aimed at adding to a string of recent discoveries about explorer John Cabot’s history-making voyages to Canada in the late 15th century.

The recent emergence of new evidence about Cabot’s voyages, including potentially “revolutionary” findings by the late British historian Alwyn Ruddock, has renewed interest in England’s earliest New World ventures during the reign of King Henry VII.

Canwest News Service recently revealed a researcher’s discovery of a 1499 letter in which Henry VII himself describes a previously unknown expedition to Canada headed by William Weston, a Bristol merchant who is finally emerging – five centuries after his death – as a key backer of Cabot’s quest to establish an English foothold in North America.

The king’s letter also contained the earliest known use of the phrase “new founde land” to describe Canada’s easternmost province, which Cabot is believed to have reached in June 1497 – the first European landfall in North America since the age of the Vikings.

Bizarrely, the recent spate of revelations from the dawning days of Canadian history follows Prof. Ruddock’s order – carried out by the executors of her will after she died in 2005 — that her unpublished research be destroyed.

But, through a project headed by University of Bristol historian Evan Jones, Prof. Pope and other scholars are combing through a small collection of Prof. Ruddock documents that survived destruction and may point the way to fresh discoveries – including the suspected Catholic mission at Carbonear.

In the outline for a book she never completed, Prof. Ruddock claimed to have found documents detailing the establishment of a church at Carbonear.

Historians generally believe Cabot perished during the voyage, and little was accomplished by any of the ships involved in the expedition.

But Prof. Ruddock’s sketchy references to a New World church built as early as 1498 has electrified Prof. Jones and other researchers.

“If she were correct, this would be the first European Christian settlement in North America, with the church Prof. Ruddock mentions being the first built on the continent,” said Jones. (ANI)

Antarctica’s plumbing system more dynamic than previously believed

Washington, Sept 2 (ANI): Scientists, using space-based lasers on a NASA satellite have created the most comprehensive inventory of lakes that actively drain or fill under Antarctica’s ice, which has revealed a continental plumbing system that is more dynamic than previously thought.

“Even though Antarctica’s ice sheet looks static, the more we watch it, the more we see there is activity going on there all the time,” said Benjamin Smith of the University of Washington in Seattle, who led the study.

Unlike most lakes, Antarctic lakes are under pressure from the ice above. That pressure can push melt water from place to place like water in a squeezed balloon.

The water moves under the ice in a broad, thin layer, but also through a linked cavity system. This flow can resupply other lakes near and far.

Understanding this plumbing is important, as it can lubricate glacier flow and send the ice speeding toward the ocean, where it can melt and contribute to sea level change.

But figuring out what’s happening beneath miles of ice is a challenge.

Researchers led by Smith analyzed 4.5 years of ice elevation data from NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation satellite (ICESat) to create the most complete inventory to date of changes in the Antarctic plumbing system.

The team has mapped the location of 124 active lakes, estimated how fast they drain or fill, and described the implications for lake and ice-sheet dynamics.

Smith, Helen Fricker, a geophysicist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and colleagues extended their elevation analysis to cover most of the Antarctic continent and 4.5 years of data from ICESat’s Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).

By observing how ice sheet elevation changed between the two or three times the satellite flew over a section every year, researchers could determine which lakes were active.

They also used the elevation changes and the properties of water and ice to estimate the volume change.

Only a few of the more than 200 previously identified lakes were confirmed active, implying that lakes in East Antarctica’s high-density “Lakes District” are mostly inactive and do not contribute much to ice sheet changes.

Most of the 124 newly observed active lakes turned up in coastal areas, at the head of large drainage systems, which have the largest potential to contribute to sea level change.

According to Robert Bindschadler, a glaciologist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, “The survey shows that most active subglacial lakes are located where the ice is moving fast, which implies a relationship.” (ANI)

13,000 yr old spear tip sheds light on ancient Americans

Washington, August 25 (ANI): Archaeologists have unearthed a rare Clovis point spearhead in the town of Sahuarita, Arizona, US, dating back to 11,000 to 13,000 years, which could help illuminate the way early humans lived in this part of the state.

According to a report in The Sahuarita Sun, the white rock spearhead, roughly two inches long and an inch wide and missing its tip, likely dates back 11,000 to 13,000 years when the earliest well-established human inhabitants of North America fastened objects like it to the end of wood poles and hurled them at mammoths, bears and other large prey.

These Clovis people, as they’re now called, are the predecessors of the ancestors of Native Americans.

They hunted and gathered all over the continent and in the Southwest, they primarily inhabited New Mexico and the San Pedro basin, which runs north from Sonora, Mexico, along the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona.

As a result, the bulk of the state’s Clovis points are found at mammoth kill-sites near Naco and Sierra Vista.

But a find in the Tucson basin, which roughly covers the area between the Santa Rita Mountains and north Tucson, could indicate a broader inhabitancy, according to Arthur Vokes, who has curated the Arizona State Museum’s architectural repository for nearly 30 years.

“Human beings have been in this region for about 11,000 years or so. It does reflect the age of regular occupation here,” he said.

By examining the type of rock the point is made out of, Vokes said he could learn about ancient trade and hunting routes.

The spearhead was discovered during a routine archaeological survey on Arizona State Trust land by an environmental consulting company, according to Steve Ross, an archaeologist with the State Land Department.

It’s distinguishable from more contemporary arrowheads because it’s larger and matches a style of tool construction used by ancient people halfway around the world.

“Through research, they’ve traced this type of point-making back to the Asia area,” Ross said. “So as they migrated over the land bridge (between modern-day Russia and Alaska,) they brought this type of point-making with them,” he added.

According to Ross, spearheads like it were eventually phased out, perhaps due to extinction of large animals or even the annihilation of the Clovis people by an environmental event, like a comet. (ANI)

Australian Deputy PM Gillard to tour India to improve relations

Melbourne, Aug.21 (ANI): Australia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Education Minister Julia Gillard will undertake a five-day visit of India from August 30.

The visit is being seen as an effort on the part of Canberra to ramp up official efforts to rehabilitate Australia’s reputation as a non-racist prime center of higher education on the sub-continent.

The Gillard visit will also be used to prepare the ground for Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s visit later in the year, his first to India since winning elections in 2007.

Gillard said: “The government is committed to taking its relationship with India to a higher level and engaging with India on a long-term, strategic basis.We will discuss the Government’s recent moves to improve the quality of education for overseas students in Australia.”

The Rudd Government has flagged India as an important element of its foreign policy agenda but two previous attempts by the Prime Minister to visit the country had to be aborted because of domestic issues in New Delhi.

Canberra has been working hard to assure New Delhi it values the relationship a storm erupted over violence against Indian students.

Gillard also plans to meet her Indian counterpart Kapil Sibal and other government officials during her visit. (ANI)