Obama Orders Greener Commutes for Federal Workers

U.S. President Barack Obama ordered the federal government to promote greener employee commuting habits, reduced business travel and other measures to scale back indirect greenhouse gas emissions by 13 percent by 2020.

The indirect emissions reduction target goes beyond what the President previously committed for direct sources: a 28 percent reduction by 2020, based on 2008 levels. Combined, the reduction in emissions would be equivalent to the 101 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.

The U.S. government spent $24.5 billion on fuel and energy in 2008.

“Every year, the Federal Government consumes more energy than any other single organization or company in the United States,” President Obama said in a statement Wednesday. “That energy goes towards lighting and heating government buildings, fueling vehicles and powering federal projects across the country and around the world. The government has a responsibility to use that energy wisely, to reduce consumption, improve efficiency, use renewable energy, like wind and solar, and cut costs.”

Expanding bicycle commuting and using more renewable energy sources are some of the initiatives the government is adding to each agency’s annual sustainability plan. The Washington Post reported the government will also lower indirect emissions by expanding recycling programs and locating future offices near mass transit systems.

Under a House bill passed last week, agencies would appoint telework managers to develop policies that promote teleworking, which, in addition to avoided emissions, could save the government millions of dollars in lost productivity during extreme weather.

Obama Pledges $2B in Stimulus Funds to Solar Firms

Two solar companies — one building a giant solar power plant in Arizona and the other constructing state-of-the-art factories to make thin-film panels — have been offered conditional commitments for $1.85 billion in loan guarantees backed by Recovery Act funds, President Barack Obama said.

The president announced the offers to Abengoa Solar Inc. and Abound Solar Inc. on the eve of the Fourth of July during his weekly address. He described the measures as the latest efforts by his administration to strengthen a foundation for a clean energy economy and create jobs.

The projects earmarked for the loan guarantees, which will be issued by the Department of Energy, are expected to create an estimated 3,600 in construction jobs and 1,585 permanent positions, according to Recovery.gov, the federal government’s website tracking stimulus grants.

The $1.45 billion loan guarantee for Abengoa Solar will help fund a $2 billion plan to build one of the world’s largest solar generation plants near Gila Bend, Ariz. The concentrating solar power plant, called Solana, is to be the first large-scale solar facility in the U.S. capable of storing the energy it generates.

Abengoa, which based in Spain and has U.S. headquarters in Lakewood, Colo., is scheduled to begin construction of Solana this fall with completion expected in mid-2013. The company’s renderings of the project depict a vast facility with a sea of parabolic troughs, shown in the insets to the right.

“After years of watching companies build things and create jobs overseas, it’s good news that we’ve attracted a company to our shores to build a plant and create jobs right here in America,” Obama said in his address.

Abengoa estimates that:

* Its plant will prevent emissions of more than 475,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, amount roughly equivalent to the carbon dioxide emitted by more than 90,000 cars each year.
* Building the facility will create 1,600 construction jobs in Arizona, while the plant itself will require 85 permanent positions to operate.
* At full capacity, the plant will generate 280 megawatts of power — enough for more than 70,000 homes.
* More than 70 percent of the components and products used in construction will be manufactured in the U.S. Components supplied by U.S. companies are projected to add $1.1 billion to the country’s economy. Two assembly factories will be constructed at the project site and a mirror manufacturing plant is to be built outside of Phoenix, which could result in as many as 150 more jobs.

The $400 million loan guarantee to Abound Solar will help the firm based in Loveland, Colo., expand its plant in Longmont, Colo., and establish a manufacturing facility in a former Chrysler supplier factory in Tipton, Ind. Projected to reach full capacity in 2013, the plants are expected to be the first to use lower-cost, high-volume, state-of-the-art manufacturing technology to produce thin-film solar panels on a commercial scale.

Abound estimates that:

* Plant construction will create 2,000 jobs, and 1,500 permanent manufacturing and technical jobs will be needed to operate the facilities.
* By 2013, the annual production of panels will be able to support the generation of 840 megawatts of new solar power each year — enough to power more than 200,000 homes.
* When fully operational, the plants will produce millions of solar panels each year.

With the offers to Abengoa and Abound, the 12th and 13th conditional commitments for loan guarantees, the DOE has backed a total of $14.8 billion in loans with stimulus money to support $22.4 billion in job-creating clean energy projects, according to Recovery.gov.

2009′s ‘Great Recession’ Slashed Carbon Market in Half Climate

The value of the voluntary carbon market shrunk 47 percent to $387 million in 2009 as the recession shrank the amount of offsets purchased for corporate social responsibility purposes.

Transactions for the year equaled 94 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reductions, a 26 percent decline from 2008, despite growth in emissions reductions bought for pre-compliance purposes, according to the State of the Voluntary Carbon Market Report 2010. The fourth annual report, to be released Monday, was produced by Ecosystem Marketplace and Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

“The economic recession had a marked impact on the part of the market primarily concerned with buying credits to offset emissions of companies and individuals,” Milo Sjardin, Bloomberg New Energy Finance Director and report co-author, said in a statement. “In contrast, expectations of a possible U.S. carbon trading program lifted the importance of the U.S., which figured as the largest buyer and seller in the market and the most popular transactions were those that could count towards future compliance. However, with the current state of play of U.S. politics this situation is likely to be very different this year.”

The average cost for an emissions reduction was $6.50 per ton of CO2-equivalent. Projects that destroy potent methane proved to be the most popular, comprising 41 percent of all voluntary transactions, followed by forestry at 24 percent, and renewable energy projects, at 17 percent.

About 56 percent of emissions reductions originated in projects in the U.S., followed by Latin America and Asia. The U.S. accounted for 49 percent of voluntary offset demand.

The use of independent, third-party registries to track ownership of emissions reductions nearly doubled, mostly caused by the roll-out of the Voluntary Carbon Standard’s meta-registry, which uses multiple registries across several regions.

The authors warn that figures in the report are likely conservative because of the inherent challenges in trying to inventory and collect data. More than 200 offset suppliers, exchanges and registries voluntary reported the data used in the report.

Image CC licensed by Flickr user nemesisnom.

Ancient leaves shed light on future climate

Washington, May 7 (ANI): Scientists say that fossil plant remains from millions of years ago might shed light on future climate changes caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide.

“Carbon isotopes are really important for understanding the carbon cycle of the past, and we care about the carbon cycle of the past because it gives us clues about future climate change,” say Aaron Diefendorf, graduate student in geosciences at Penn State.

The researchers say that clues about how the environment responded to global warming events millions of years ago can be found in carbon isotope ratios from ancient fossil leaves, sediments and pollen.

However, environmental conditions also impact leaf carbon isotope ratios, a complexity Diefendorf and Mueller resolved with their study.

The researchers suggest the environmental relationships highlighted in their study can be used to modify existing climate records to produce a more accurate, robust account of past atmospheric conditions and how it correlates with temperature change.

The study appeared in a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Plants effective way of tackling global warming

Washington, Apr 30 (ANI): Plant leaves account for less than one per cent of the Earth”s emissions of methane –which is considered to be about 25 times more effective than carbon dioxide at global warming, suggests a research led by the University of Edinburgh.

The results contrast with a previous scientific study which had suggested that plants were responsible for producing large amounts of the greenhouse gas.

The findings confirm that trees are a useful way of offsetting greenhouse gas emissions, as their output of small amounts of methane is far outweighed by their capacity to store carbon from the atmosphere in their leaves, wood and bark.

To reach their conclusions, scientists created artificial leaves made from plant pectin and measured the methane produced when the leaves were exposed to sunlight.

They combined their results with satellite data on the leaf coverage of the Earth”s surface, ozone in the atmosphere, cloud cover, temperature, and information on sunshine levels to help work out the amount of methane produced by all plants on Earth.

Dr Andy McLeod, of the University of Edinburgh”s School of GeoSciences, said: “Our results show that plant leaves do give rise to some methane, but only a very small amount – this is a welcome result as it allays fears that forestry and agriculture were contributing unduly to global warming.” (ANI)

Survey to help create 3D carbon storage sites model

A seismic survey exploring the possibility of storing carbon in the offshore Gippsland Basin has been completed.

A ship has been surveying the Bass Strait sea floor since the middle of February.

The information gathered will be used to create a 3D model of possible carbon storage sites in the Gippsland Basin.

Victoria’s Energy and Resources Minister, Peter Batchelor, concedes it will be years until underground carbon storage becomes a reality.

But he says the survey is an important step.

“As this information is brought together scientists better understand what can happen,” he said.

“They’ll be then able to work out how much it will cost to store carbon dioxide underground and that’s when we’ll know when and how we’ll be able to commence the process of storing carbon dioxide underground, rather than in the atmosphere.”

Study shines light on near-death experiences

People who have “near-death experiences,” such as flashing lights, feelings of peace and joy and divine encounters before they pull back from the brink may simply have raised levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, a study suggests.

Near-death experiences (NDEs) are reported by between 11 and 23 percent of survivors of heart attacks, according to previous research.

But what causes NDEs is strongly debated. Some pin the mechanisms on physical or psychological reasons, while others see a transcendental force.

Researchers in Slovenia, reporting in a peer-reviewed journal, Critical Care, investigated 52 consecutive cases of heart attacks in three large hospitals.

The patients’ average age was 53 years. Forty-two of them were men.

Eleven patients had NDEs, but there was no common link between these cases in terms of age, sex, level of education, religious belief, fear of death, time to recovery or the drugs that were administered to resuscitate them.

Instead, a common association was high levels of CO2 in the blood and, to a lesser degree, of potassium.

Further work is needed to confirm the findings among a larger sample of patients, say the authors, led by Zalika Klemenc-Ketis of the University of Maribor.

Having an NDE can be a life-changing experience, so understanding its causes is important for heart-attack survivors, they say.

Power station emissions underestimated: Greens

The Greens say the New South Wales Government should not have approved the expansion of the Mt Piper power station near Lithgow because emissions from the plant were massively underestimated.

As part of approving the expansion’s concept plan, the State Government commissioned the engineering company Arup to independently review the proponent’s greenhouse gas emissions estimates.

The report published on the Planning Department’s website shows the total annual emissions from the plant could be up to 20 per cent higher than the estimate in the environmental assessment report.

Greens’ MP John Kaye says the planning process has been compromised.

“The NSW Government has based its approval of the Mt Piper power station on totally inaccurate information,” he said.

“Their own independent assessment says that it is two million tonnes of carbon dioxide shy of of the exact amount.

“This should have been sent back to the drawing board, back to the proponent to redo the environmental assessment report with the correct greenhouse gas emissions in there.”

The Planning Minister says he approved the expansion based on his department’s recommendations.

Global warming making soil release more CO2

Washington, March 26 (ANI): Twenty years of field studies have revealed that as the Earth has gotten warmer, plants and microbes in the soil have given off more carbon dioxide (CO2).

The scientists calculated the total amount of carbon dioxide flowing from soils, which is about 10-15 percent higher than previous measurements.

That number – about 98 petagrams of carbon a year (or 98 billion metric tons) – will help scientists build a better overall model of how carbon in its many forms cycles throughout the Earth.

Understanding soil respiration is central to understanding how the global carbon cycle affects climate.

“There’s a big pulse of carbon dioxide coming off of the surface of the soil everywhere in the world,” said ecologist Ben Bond-Lamberty of the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

“We weren’t sure if we’d be able to measure it going into this analysis, but we did find a response to temperature,” he added.

The increase in carbon dioxide given off by soils – about 0.1 petagram (100 million metric tons) per year since 1989 – won’t contribute to the greenhouse effect unless it comes from carbon that had been locked away out of the system for a long time, such as in Arctic tundra.

This analysis could not distinguish whether the carbon was coming from old stores or from vegetation growing faster due to a warmer climate.

“But other lines of evidence suggest warming is unlocking old carbon,” said Bond-Lamberty, so it will be important to determine the sources of extra carbon.

The researchers turned to previous studies to see if they could quantify changes in global soil respiration.

Bond-Lamberty and his colleague Allison Thomson, working at the Joint Global Change Research Institute in College Park, Maryland, examined 439 soil respiration studies published between 1989 and 2008.

They compiled data about how much carbon dioxide has leaked from plants and microbes in soil in an openly available database.

To maintain consistency, they selected only data that scientists collected via the now-standard methods of gas chromatography and infrared gas analysis.

The duo compared 1,434 soil carbon data points from the studies with temperature and precipitation data in the geographic regions from other climate research databases.

After subjecting their comparisons to statistical analysis, the researchers found that the total amount of carbon dioxide being emitted from soil in 2008 was more than in 1989.

In addition, the rise in global temperatures correlated with the rise in global carbon flux. (ANI)

Climate change report sparks renewable energy push

A Latrobe Valley environmental group says a report by two leading science agencies justifies a push to phase out coal-fired power.

The report by the CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology says Australia is experiencing climate change, with more extremely hot days and fewer cold ones.

The report also states it is very likely climate change is connected to increases in carbon dioxide produced by human activity.

Daniel Caffrey from the Victorian-based Latrobe Valley Sustainability Group says Australia must shift away from coal-fired power.

“Any credible politician must have some view on how we are going to phase out our old electricity and ways of doing things, production and getting into renewable energy as quickly as we can,” he said.

Biofuels study in Cooper Basin

South Australian resource company Beach Energy and a US business General Atomics are doing a joint study on producing biofuels in the Cooper Basin.

They are examining whether General Atomics’ technology can be used to farm algae, while reducing carbon dioxide output from Beach Energy’s gas and oil fields.

Reg Nelson from Beach Energy says oil production also generates large volumes of waste water, which are otherwise unused.

“We’re looking in particular at how we can use some of the water the we produce along with oil production in the Cooper Basin along with some carbon dioxide and of course sunlight and land to produce algae and from the algae we can produce diesel,” he said.

Failure to cut CO2 emissions spells global health catastrophe

Washington, September 16 (ANI): A team of scientists has warned that failure to agree radical cuts in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the UN climate change conference in Copenhagen this December spells a global health catastrophe.

According to Lord Michael Jay and Professor Michael Marmot, the scientific evidence that global temperatures are rising and that man is responsible has been widely accepted since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s report in 2007.

There is now equally wide consensus that human beings need to act now to prevent irreversible climate change.

Jay and Marmot said that what’s good for the climate is good for health.

For example, a low carbon economy will mean less pollution. A low carbon diet (especially eating less meat) and more exercise will mean less cancer, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

This is an opportunity too to advance health equity, which is increasingly seen as necessary for a healthy and happy society, according to the scientists.

They point out that the threat to health is especially evident in poorest countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty and lack of resources, infrastructure, and often governance, greatly increase their vulnerability to the effects of climate change.

“If we take climate change seriously, it will require major changes to the way we live, reducing the gap between carbon rich and carbon poor within and between countries,” said Jay and Marmot.

They said that a successful outcome at Copenhagen is vital for our future as a species and for our civilization.

Failure to agree radical reductions in emissions spells a global health catastrophe, which is why health professionals must put their case forcefully now and after Copenhagen, they concluded.

Doctors’ leaders across the world are also calling on politicians to heed the health effects of climate change when they meet in Copenhagen.

They warn that “there is a real danger that politicians will be indecisive, especially in such turbulent economic times as these.”

Doctors are still seen as respected and independent, largely trusted by their patients and the societies in which they practise.

As such, doctors should demand that their politicians listen to the clear facts that have been identified in relation to climate change and act now to implement strategies that will benefit health of communities worldwide. (ANI)

Seaweed can help reduce cow greenhouse gas

Melbourne, Sept 12 (ANI): Feeding seaweed to cattle can help reduce cow farts, the source of much of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, according to a North Queensland nutritionist.

Upto 20pct of the methane emissions come from the cattle which is said to be more damaging to the ozone layer than carbon dioxide.

James Cook University nutritionist Tony Parker said yesterday that sheep on the Orkney Islands off Scotland lived well on a seaweed diet.

Dr Parker and colleague Professor Rocky de Nys believe that feeding seaweed to cattle will improve their digestion and, in turn, reduce gas.

“I like to call it the reef ‘n’ beef project because it has far reaching implications that come full circle: starting with seaweed, taking in the beef and aquaculture industries, and extending back out to the sea to help conserve the Great Barrier Reef,” the Courier Mail quoted Parker as saying.

Prof de Nys said many aquaculture farms used seaweeds and algae to clean ponds and effluent streams and this material could be used to feed stock.

Seaweed, algae and other sea grasses had proven to be more digestible than land grass because they had less cellulose and more starch, thereby reducing cow farts. (ANI)

How plants prevent their genes from going haywire

Washington, September 11 (ANI): A new study, by researchers at the Universite de Montreal in Canada, has found a key mechanism that enables plants to keep dangerous gene alterations in check to ensure their continued existence.

“We’ve discovered a new pathway that plants use to protect their genes against dangerous alterations that could also allow some useful mutations to occur,” said Normand Brisson, a Universite de Montreal biochemistry professor who made his discovery with graduate students Alexandre Marechal and Jean-Sebastien Parent.

“Such mutations played an important role in the evolution of plants with high nutritional value, resistance to disease and harsh climate that are so important to modern agriculture,” added Dr. Brisson.

“Our results open new research avenues for the study of similar mechanisms of gene repair in humans that might be important for human evolution, our responses to stress and the prevention of devastating diseases,” he said.

All living things are constantly exposed to stressors that can provoke gene mutations, yet if uncorrected such mutations can have disastrous consequences such as the development of cancers in humans or cell resistance to cancer-fighting drugs.

Cells have evolved a battery of mechanisms to correct mutations, including recently discovered strategies that can also modify the number of copies of individual genes.

These corrective mechanisms have attracted a lot of scientific interest since they could play a key role in species evolution.

Dr Brisson suspected that a protein family he has studied for years, called the “Whirlies” might be important to protect against mutations in plant cells – specifically in the chloroplast – the engine of photosynthesis that allows plants to transform carbon dioxide into sugar and expel the oxygen we breathe.

Working with his students and Biochemistry Professor Franz Lang, they showed that Whirlies are key to preventing major rearrangements of genes that could result in the creation of multiple gene copies.

The discovery is important, since the number of copies of a gene must be kept scrupulously in balance with other genes so they can function correctly together.

Even though gene multiplication can be thought of as detrimental, such multiplication can be an important adaptation to stressors and so keeping such mutations in check must be balanced against creating mutations that may actually help living things survive in changing conditions. (ANI)

Maldives uses coconuts to reduce its CO2 emissions

London, September 4 (ANI): The Maldives government has launched a project to reduce its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using “biochar”, a charcoal made from bio-wastes such as coconut shells.

According to a report by BBC News, the pilot project, launched by the Maldives government together with a UK-based company, Carbon Gold, aims to produce biochar using bio-waste, including coconut shells, which are abundantly available in the archipelago.

Biochar is produced through the “slow cooking” (pyrolysis) of plant wastes. The resulting black char is rich in carbon and can be mixed with soil as a fertiliser.

“While wasting the environment we are wasting a lot of money by buying (fertilizer) from abroad,” said Minister of state for fisheries and agriculture, Aminath Shafia.

“So, we were looking into a project that could develop it using something that is available in the country,” she said.

The Maldives wants to be carbon neutral by 2020

President Mohamed Nasheed, who earlier announced a target of going carbon neutral by 2020, has welcomed the new partnership.

“Biochar has a crucial role in helping us achieve carbon neutral status as well as providing an economic and environmental boost to our people,” he said.

Shafia said that the project would be launched on three islands and rolled out to others if farmers responded positively.

According to officials at Carbon Gold, biochar is an effective way of removing CO2 from the atmosphere.

The company said that the fertiliser also improves soil fertility and locks up its carbon contents for several years after it is ploughed into the ground.

Daniel Morrel, a co-founder of the company, told BBC News that the Maldives was the first government to sponsor its production.

He described biochar as “carbon negative”.

“Waste that would have rotted or been burnt before is now locked up and put very safely in the soil,” he said.

“It is not one of the best solutions, but the great thing about biochar is while everybody is talking about reducing the CO2 emissions, this is actually taking CO2 out of the atmosphere,” he added. (ANI)

Risky climate-fixing methods needed unless CO2 emissions are greatly reduced

Sydney, Sept 2 (ANI): Scientists have warned that potentially dangerous and unproven geoengineering technologies might be needed to fix the climate in the near future, unless emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be greatly reduced.

According to a report by ABC News, the stark warning, made by scientists in a report by the Royal Society, UK, determined that geoengineering is no quick fix, but may be needed to head off planetary catastrophe and deserves more research.

Royal Society president Professor Martin Rees said that growing interest in geoengineering was partly motivated by a “false hope of a quick fix”.

“But if such reductions achieve too little too late there will be surely pressure to contemplate a plan B,” he said.

Britain’s chief scientific adviser Professor John Beddington supports the report’s recommendations, which call for more research into geoengineering.

The report divides geoengineering technologies into two groups; those that remove the greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere, and those which reflect sunlight back into space.

It says such technologies are currently limited to the laboratory and calls for a 10-year, 100 million pound research program – a 10-fold increase.

The report supports steps to remove CO2 from the air above others, because they addressed the underlying problem of too many heat-trapping gases, and so were more predictable and would fight not only climate change but also acidifying oceans.

In the event of an emergency where the earth suddenly pitched into a different, hotter climate, the world may need to reflect back some sunlight, according to the report.

One method may be shooting highly reflective aerosols into the atmosphere.

But the report warns that it could introduce a new influence on the earth’s climate that is less predictable.

“You could actually seriously and adversely impact one of the most critical weather patterns on the planet,” said lead author Professor John Shepherd.

In response to the report Professor John Buckeridge of RMIT University in Melbourne said that the focus should be on changing human behaviour, not geoengineering.

“Geoengineering has the potential to reap even greater havoc,” he said.

According to Diana Bronson, spokesperson for Environmental watchdog ETC Group, “Governments will throw precious time and dollars at sci-fi fantasies, overlook potentially devastating side effects and divert their attention from the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions at source.”

“What must be immediately implemented are systems to reduce the rampant consumption of natural resources, and the resultant pollution that our ever-growing population is responsible for,” said Buckeridge. (ANI)

Weather predicting super-computer causes massive pollution

London, Aug 28 (ANI): In what seems to be a technological drawback, it has emerged that a super-computer designed to predict climate change causes massive pollution.

The Department of Communities and Local Government in Britain has exposed that the Met Office’s HQ is responsible for emitting more than 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide every year.

And apparently, 75 per cent of the pollution is caused by the computer, which is presumably the second most powerful system in Britain, reports The Sun.

However, Met Office spokesman Barry Grommett has said that the computer is vital to help forecast weather and environmental change and its predictions helps to reduce global carbon emissions

The Met Office was ranked 103rd among 28,259 public buildings which emits dangerous gases.

Manchester University’s Oxford Road campus ranked top in the list. (ANI)

“Artificial trees” can soak up world’s carbon emissions

London, August 27 (ANI): Engineers have said that a forest of 100,000 “artificial trees” could be deployed within 10 to 20 years to help soak up the world’s carbon emissions.

According to a report by BBC News, the trees are among three geo-engineering ideas highlighted as practical in a new report by researchers form the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

The report includes a 100-year roadmap to “decarbonise” the global economy.

Lead author Dr Tim Fox said geo-engineering should not be viewed as a “silver bullet” that could combat climate change in isolation.

He told BBC News it should be used in conjunction with efforts to reduce carbon emissions and to adapt to the effects of climate change.

The research team studied hundreds of different options, but have put forward just three as being practical and feasible using current technology.

A key factor in choosing the three was that they should be low carbon technologies rather than adding to the problem.

“Artificial trees are already at the prototype stage and are very advanced in their design in terms of their automation and in the components that would be used,” Dr Fox told BBC News.

“They could, within a relatively short duration, be moved forward into mass production and deployment,” he said.

The trees would work on the principle of capturing carbon dioxide from the air through a filter. The CO2 would then be removed from the filter and stored.

The report calls for the technology to be developed in conjunction with carbon storage infrastructure. he captured carbon dioxide could be stored in empty north sea oil wells.

Dr Fox said the prototype artificial tree was about the same size as a shipping container and could remove thousands of times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than an equivalent sized real tree.

“We very much believe that the practical geo-engineering that we are proposing should be implemented and could be very much part of our landscape within the next 10 to 20 years,” he said. (ANI)

Largest firms need to double pace of CO2 reductions to avoid dangerous climate change

Washington, August 25 (ANI): A new research report has determined that the world’s largest companies need to double the pace of carbon dioxide (CO2) reductions to avoid dangerous climate change.

According to ‘The Carbon Chasm’, a research report by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), based on current reduction targets, the world’s largest companies are on track to reach the scientifically recommended level of greenhouse gas cuts by 2089 – 39 years too late to avoid dangerous climate change.

It shows that the Global 100 firms (92 of which participated in the study) are currently on track for an annual reduction of just 1.9 percent per annum which is below the 3.9 percent needed in order to cut emissions in developed economies by 80 percent in 2050.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), developed economies must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95 percent by 2050 in order to avoid dangerous climate change.

The research was conducted to analyze how the world’s largest 100 companies currently set greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and whether they are sufficient to combat long term climate change.

Of those emissions reduction targets with a deadline, a majority (84 percent) are set up to and including 2012, which correlates with the final year of the Kyoto Protocol and suggests that businesses may be waiting to hear outcomes of the UN Conference of the Parties meeting in Copenhagen this December (COP-15) before they set longer term reduction goals.

“Most large companies now measure their carbon footprint and many have set carbon reduction targets. But how many of those targets are actually in line with the required reductions to prevent dangerous climate change?” BT’s Chief Sustainability Officer Chris Tuppen commented.

“The research highlights a significant gap between what is needed from the corporate sector and what’s currently promised. We in the business world need to find a way of closing this carbon chasm,” he said.

According to Paul Dickinson, CEO of the Carbon Disclosure Project, “While 73 percent of Global 100 companies have set some form of reduction target, the majority need to be far more aggressive if they are to achieve the long-term reductions required.”

“This is a time of huge opportunity for businesses to gain competitive advantage by reducing their own impact on the climate and benefit from associated cost savings, as well as sparking major innovation around the production of new, lower carbon products and services,” he said. (ANI)

Stressed crops emit more methane emissions than previously thought

Washington, August 18 (ANI): Scientists at the University of Calgary (U of C) in Canada have found that methane emission by stressed crops could be a bigger problem in global warming than previously thought.

According to a U of C study, when crops are exposed to environmental factors that are part of climate change – increased temperature, drought and ultraviolet-B radiation – some plants show enhanced methane emissions.

Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas; 23 times more effective in trapping heat than carbon dioxide (CO2).

“Most studies just look at one factor. We wanted to mix a few of the environmental factors that are part of the climate change scenario to study a more true-to-life impact climate change has on plants,” said David Reid, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, who co-authored a paper with research associate Mirwais Qaderi in the advanced on-line edition of the journal Physiologia Plantarum.

Reid and Qaderi analyzed methane emissions from six important Canadian crops – faba bean, sunflower, pea, canola, barley and wheat – that were exposed to combinations of three components of global climate change: temperature, ultraviolet-B radiation and water stress (drought).

What they found was troubling.

These stresses caused plants to emit more methane. In a warmer, drier world, methane might be a bigger contributor in global warming than previously thought.

When it comes to the greenhouse effect, methane could be considered the misunderstood and often overlooked orphan greenhouse gas.

Much of the attention has been focused on carbon dioxide, but more recently it has been realized that methane should also be considered as a very significant greenhouse gas.

Its concentrations have more than doubled since pre-industrial times.

While the growth rate of methane concentrations has slowed since the early 1990s, some scientists say this is only a temporary pause.

“Our results are of importance in the whole climate warming discussion because methane is such a potent greenhouse warming gas,” said Qaderi.

“It points to the possibility of yet another possible feedback phenomena which could add to global warming,” he added. (ANI)