Second Iceland volcano could erupt in near future: Experts

An Icelandic volcano neighbouring Eyjafjoell, whose eruptions paralysed Europe’s skies last month, could come to life in the near future, experts warned today.

“An eruption in the short term is a strong possibility,” experts said, referring to Katla, which is larger and fiercer than Eyjafjoell, in a report from the University College London (UCL) institute for risk and disaster reduction.

The researchers also cautioned that Europe’s skies were likely to be hit by further ash cloud shutdowns, following April’s widespread closures and several smaller scale shutdowns since.

The report warned that “future moderately to highly explosive Icelandic eruptions combined with appropriate weather conditions are highly likely to cause a repeat of the recent air transport disruption.”

The Eyjafjoell volcano began erupting on April 14, and spewed out an ash cloud that drifted over Europe and led to massive flight disruption throughout the continent for several days.

It caused the biggest airspace shutdown in Europe since World War II, affecting more than 100,000 flights and eight million passengers.

The UCL experts — encompassing scientists, engineers and statisticians also criticised the response to the eruption.

“The severe disruption to European airspace in April from (the volcano’s) ash clouds reflect a lack of integration between the monitoring, warning and risk management systems,” said Carina Fearnley, of UCL’s hazard research centre.

In a second report released today, a team of British researchers said they had discovered a significant electrical charge in the ash plume.

The scientists, from the Institute of Physics, said they found that “the ash plume which hovered over Scotland carried a significant and self-renewing electric charge.”

They warned that the charge could pose a risk to both planes and passengers.

“Charged particles can cause aircraft radio interference and, if introduced into aircraft cabins, charged ash may present an electrostatic hazard to occupants or aircraft systems,” said the report.

The scientists used a specialist weather balloon to conduct research on a section of the ash cloud floating over Scotland.

Study sheds light on bats” ability to ”see” in the dark

Washington, May 11 (ANI): A team of British researchers has shed new light on bats” remarkable ability to ”see” in the dark.

They have found that bats use the echoes from their own calls to decipher the shape of their dark surroundings.

This process, known as echolocation, allows bats to perceive their surroundings in great detail, detecting insect prey or identifying threatening predators.

The researchers worked with six adult Egyptian fruit bats from Tropical World in Leeds to record and recreate their calls. These calls are pairs of ”clicks” from the bats” tongues that they use to fill their surroundings with acoustic energy; the echoes that return allow the bats to form an image of their environment.

The researchers worked with the bats to record their double-click echolocation call, and its returning echoes, using a miniature wireless microphone sensor mounted on the bat whilst in flight.

During echolocation, some bats are known to use a natural acoustic gain control. This allows them to emit high-intensity calls without deafening themselves, and then to hear the weak echoes returning from surrounding objects.

The researchers replicated this system in electronics to allow the sensor to record both the emitted and reflected echolocation signals, providing an insight into the full echolocation process.

The six bats performed up to sixteen flights each along a flight corridor. Each flight was short – lasting only about three seconds – but, with the bats” clicks only lasting a quarter of a millisecond, a large number of calls were recorded for the scientists to analyse.

Once back into the laboratory, the researchers were able to accurately recreate the echolocation calls using a custom-built ultrasonic loudspeaker.

This technique will allow the signals and processes bats use to be applied to human engineering systems such as sonar. Specifically, the researchers are looking to apply these techniques in the positioning of robotic vehicles, used in structural testing applications.

“We aim to understand the echolocation process that bats have evolved over millennia, and employ similar signals and techniques in engineering systems. We are currently looking to apply these methods to positioning of robotic vehicles, which are used for structural testing. This will provide enhanced information on the robots” locations, and hence the location of any structural flaws they may detect,” study”s lead author Simon Whiteley from the Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering at the University of Strathclyde, said.

The study has been published in IOP Publishing”s Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. (ANI)

Scientists link low birth weight and diabetes

British researchers have found two genetic variants that affect a baby’s size at birth and say one of them is also linked with developing diabetes in later life.

The finding, published in the journal Nature Genetics, is the first firm evidence of a genetic link between low birth weight and diabetes and helps explain why small babies have higher rates of diabetes when they grow up.

Professor Mark McCarthy, who leads the diabetes research group at the University of Oxford, says severe malnutrition and low birth weight has a big impact on infant survival.

“It’s become clear in the last 10 to 20 years that there’s a rather strange connection between birth weight and subsequent risk of diabetes and heart disease, for example,” he said.

“So that babies that are born smaller, in general, have higher rates of those diseases later in life.”

It has already been established that all manner of environmental factors can influence the birth weight of a baby.

Factors include birth order, whether the mother smokes or drinks, and how many weeks into the pregnancy the baby is delivered.

But Professor McCarthy says the new study suggests the baby’s genes may play a part as well.

“We actually found some strong genetic effects and were able to identify two specific genetic regions that were quite strongly associated with birth weight,” he said.

“I think these are all factors that go into the mix. These are not genetic effects that will say irrespective of everything else that you will end up with a small baby.

“[They say that] on average you tend to produce a baby that’s at least a little bit smaller than a baby that doesn’t have these genetic factors.”

Professor McCarthy say the genetic variants are quite common.

“[Among] European populations we think that about 10 per cent of the population have at least all four birth weight lowering variants,” he said.

“These particular variants together explain about a difference of about 100 grams, so about four ounces.

“So on their own they’re clearly not explaining why some children are massively larger than others.

“But that equates, for example, the effects on birth weight of a mother smoking about five cigarettes a day in the third trimester of pregnancy, so it’s on a par with some of the environmental exposures that we know. They influence both ways.”

Professor McCarthy says it is likely there will be more than two genetic variants at play in determining birth weight.

And he says that once they are all identified, the finding may lead to new discoveries about how to treat diabetes.

Iraq war ‘stunting’ children’s growth

London, March 29 (ANI): Children born in most violent areas of Iraq have been observed to be shorter than their counterparts from safer regions, say British researchers.

Boffins at Royal Holloway, University of London, examined the data from the country’s central statistics office and found “stunting” was a serious concern among those born in provinces in the south and centre of Iraq which experienced the worst violence.

Principal investigator Gabriela Guerrero-Serdan, from the department of economics, discovered under-fives from these areas were on average 0.8cm (0.3in) shorter, implying the conflict was taking a toll on children”s health.

The study further linked the short height of these children to poor quality diet and sanitation.

“The short height of these children is likely to reflect poor quality food intake, and also more disease and diarrhoea. Power failures which affected water supplies and refrigeration are likely to have added to the problem.” The BBC quoted the author as saying.

“Early life development and growth are connected and important, because children who are well-nourished are more likely to be healthy, productive and able to learn in the future,” she added.

Professor Peter Emery, head of nutrition and dietetics at King”s College London, further explained: “Stunting does not necessarily mean that the quality of the diet is low in terms of protein content. It is more likely to indicate chronically low quantity of food, together with poor sanitation and access to healthcare.”

The research was due to be presented at the Royal Economic Society annual conference. (ANI)

New air filter system can destroy up to 99.9 per cent of bugs on aircraft

London, September 16 (ANI): British researchers have developed an air filter system that destroys up to 99.9 per cent of infectious viruses and bacteria as well as pollutants that can circulate in the confines of an aircraft, especially on long-haul flights.

According to a report in The Times, the machine has been developed by aerospace giant BAE Systems, in collaboration with Quest International, a small company based in Cheadle, South Manchester, UK.

The device, called AirManager, uses a controlled electric field to filter out and destroy any airborne particles or germs as they pass through an aircraft’s air conditioning system, emitting only clean, sterilized air.

After four years of development and tests, BAE says it has received its first orders from a major European airline and announced the technology is also being considered for use in NHS hospitals as a way to stop the spread of “superbugs” such as MRSA and Clostridium difficile.

The air on board a passenger jet must be pressurized in order for passengers to be able to breathe, but scientists and lobby groups have previously claimed that passengers can be exposed to toxins as a result of the “bleed air” system that is used to redirect air from the engines to the cabin and cockpit.

Air inside the cabin is then circulated and re-circulated up to 30 times an hour, far more than in conventional air conditioning systems, meaning that infectious viruses and bacteria can quickly spread.

Unlike conventional filters, which are designed to sieve out particles from the air as it passes through perforated barriers at high speed, David Hallam, an engineer and founder of Quest International, said that the AirManager used an “avalanche of electrons” emitted in a closed electric field to break down and destroy the atomic structure of any pollutants or germs.

“This works with swine flu, avian flu, norovirus, MRSA, even a modified form of anthrax,” Hallam said.

Hallam said that he originally designed the “close coupled field” in the late 1990s to rid nursing homes of biological odours caused by bacteria.

But, the filter was later found to have an effect in reducing the airborne transmission of bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Clostridium difficile.

BAE Systems expressed interest in the technology four years ago for use on aircraft and the system was recently tested on the flight deck and cabin air systems of Boeing 757 and Avro RJ passenger jets by five European airlines, with successful results. (ANI)

Scientists unravel genes linked to lung cancer in smokers

London, Aug 21 (ANI): British researchers claim to have unravelled the genetics underlying a smoker’s risk of developing lung cancer.

Study leader Professor Richard Houlston has identified three areas of DNA that are linked to lung cancer risk in smokers.

Two of them also influence the type of cancer, which develops.

The research team found specific differences associated with lung cancer risk on chromosomes 5, 6 and 15.

It showed that people with genetic changes on chromosome 5 were more likely to develop a type of cancer called adenocarcinoma.

The region highlighted on chromosome 6 appears to influence whether a patient developed adenocarcinoma or another type called squamous cell carcinoma.

And two independent sites on chromosome 15 were found to have a role in whether or not a smoker develops lung cancer.

The researchers suggest that current or former smokers who carry one copy of each of these genetic variants increase their risk of lung cancer by 28pct.

The risk increases to 80pct in smokers who carry two copies of these genetic variants.

“The next step is to dig deeper to pinpoint which gene, or genes in these regions, cause the increased risk of developing lung cancer and how they actually trigger this increase,” BBC News quoted Houlston as saying.

Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK who partly funded the research, said smoking was responsible for the vast majority of lung cancers.

“This research shows that inherited genetic variation accounts for some of this risk and the type of lung cancer that develops,” she said.

She added: “The best thing a smoker can do to reduce their risk of lung cancer, and a range of other life-threatening conditions, is to quit.”

The findings appear in Cancer Research journal. (ANI)

Recession triggering boom in cybercrime

London, Aug 19 (ANI): The economic slowdown is adding to a boom in cybercrime because computer-literate criminals in developing countries are increasingly trying their hands at electronic scams, according to British researchers.

The study by The University of Brighton team also found that the growth of social networking websites were offering cybercriminals with fresh areas to exploit as well as new areas for recruitment.

Led by Professor Howard Rush, the researchers said that detection and prevention had been boosted, but continuous data breaches, mainly due to human error, were exposing personal information on a large scale.

They also said that the UK needed urgent action to crack down on cybercrime to avert what they said was the potential for “international embarrassment” ahead of the London 2012 Olympics.

Rush said that the growth in credit card fraud and identity theft was due to communications technology reaching parts of the world, where many unemployed people with IT skills lived.

“Criminals there can take advantage of cybercrime opportunities, and the current global recession will likely increase this trend still further,” the Telegraph quoted Rush as saying.

And they warned that the capabilities of cybercriminals, especially without a global counter-strategy, will likely increase in the future.

The report stated: “Law enforcement agencies are struggling to respond, especially in places where legislative frameworks are weak or non-existent.”

“The growth of cybercrime in Russia, India, China and Brazil is of particular concern.

“As cyberspace develops further, so new opportunities will open up for organised crime groups. Crimes such as electronic theft and fraud will occur more rapidly, reducing the likelihood of offenders being caught in the act.

“Information about how to compromise a system will be available more quickly and to more people, which means that opportunistic criminals linked into networks of organised criminals will come to dominate and define the world of cybercrime.

“The ability of criminals to use new technology will also have a major impact on the sort of crime we see. In cyberspace, we can expect this to be further magnified,” it added.

However, the researchers urged a plan of action, saying: “Given that so many cybercrime operations take place in developing countries, aid agencies need to be persuaded to build on their policy reform work to help address cybercrime.” (ANI)

Are artificial human sperm actually identical to natural kind?

London, July 9 (ANI): Scientists are calling for more tests to ensure that artificial sperm created by some British researchers are identical to their natural counterpart, saying that further proof may make them a valuable tool to understand male infertility.

Karim Nayernia and his colleagues at the University of Newcastle recently treated male embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with a range of substances, which converted them first into germline stem cells, and finally into spermatogonial stem cells.

The spermatogonial stem cells thus created then divided to produce “haploid” spermatocytes with just 23 chromosomes, which went on to mature into sperm.

Other scientists are now calling for more evidence.

“Although they find that some of the sperm cells have tails and can swim, this is not evidence of normality,” New Scientist magazine quoted Robin Lovell-Badge, who studies sperm formation at the UK National Institute for Medical Research in London, as saying.

The seven mouse pups Nayernia’s team produced in 2006, after fusing normal eggs with mouse sperm created in the lab, died within five months because chemical caps called methyl groups had blocked vital genes in the sperm.

He is currently carrying out further tests to determine whether the same thing happens with the human sperm.

The researcher has solved the problem in mice by putting spermatogonial cells into mouse testes before they mature.

“The sperm then have a normal shape and normal methylation patterns,” he says.

He also claims to have developed “artificial testes” to do the same job for humans.

A more distant possibility is the creation of sperm from a woman’s cells, allowing a lesbian couple to have a child.

Nayernia produced spermatogonial stem cells from female ESCs, but they lacked genes needed to mature.

An article shedding light on this field has been published in the journal Stem Cells and Development. (ANI)

Stress during pregnancy can lead to behavioural, emotional problems in kids

Washington, June 30 (ANI): British researchers have advised expectant mothers to reduce their anxiety and stress levels to protect their kids from developing behavioural and emotional problems later.

The researchers from Imperial College London hope that it will raise families’ awareness of the importance of reducing levels of stress and anxiety in expectant mothers.

They say that reducing stress during pregnancy could help prevent thousands of children from developing emotional and behavioural problems.

According to Professor Vivette Glover, the lead researcher behind the exhibit from the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology at Imperial College London, maternal stress and anxiety can alter the development of the baby’s brain. This in turn can result in a greater risk of emotional problems such as anxiety or depression, behavioural problems such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and being considerably slower at learning. S

It can also increase the likelihood of later violent or criminal behaviour.

The findings have suggested that the effects of stress during pregnancy can last many years, including into adolescence.

“We all know that if a mother smokes or drinks a lot of alcohol while pregnant it can affect her fetus,” said Glover.

“Our work has shown that other more subtle factors, such as her emotional state, can also have long-term effects on her child.

“Our research shows that stress due to the mother’s relationship with her partner can be particularly damaging,” Glover added.

The researchers say that the stress hormone cortisol may be one way in which the fetus is affected by the mother’s anxiety during pregnancy.

Usually the placenta protects the unborn baby from the mother’s cortisol, by producing an enzyme that breaks the hormone down.

When the mother is very stressed, this enzyme works less well and lets her cortisol through the placenta.

The researchers suggested higher the level of cortisol in the womb, the lower the toddler’s cognitive development or “baby IQ” at 18 months. (ANI)

‘Space Age’ cancer drug shows promise

London, June 25 (ANI): A new drug has shown promise in providing protection to individuals who were genetically vulnerable to developing cancers, say British researchers.

People carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are an increased risk of developing cancer. It weakens the ability of a person’s cells to repair themselves.

While the risk of developing prostate cancer in men doubles from 7pct to more than 15pct, women’s chances of getting ovarian cancer increases from 2pct to 60pct.

Their chances of getting breast cancer also leaps from 10pct, to as much as 85pct.

The new drug called Olaparib – developed by the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in collaboration with The Royal Marsden Hospital and AstraZeneca – has been found to prevent malignant cells from repairing themselves.

Through this study, the researchers say, they have found a novel way of exploiting a fault inherent in BRCA mutation cancer cells to destroy them.

“By giving this drug we have made what has been an advantage to the cell in fact an achilles heel,” Sky News quoted Dr Johann de Bono, of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) as saying.

“This is really the holy grail of cancer treatment – selectively killing cancer cells and sparing normal cells,” de Bono added.

Traditional cancer treatments, like chemotherapy, kill both healthy and cancerous cells, however, Olaparib leaves healthy cells untouched. (ANI)

Anxiety increases pain intensity, disability

Washington, Apr 21 (ANI): People with high levels of anxiety due to chronic pain exhibit more emotional distress and disability, say researchers.

But, British researchers, writing in The Journal of Pain, say use of pain coping strategies can mediate this effect.

The purpose of the study was to examine the role of anxiety on everyday functioning of patients seeking treatment for chronic pain. It was assumed anxiety would be associated with higher levels of distress and impaired functioning.

The researchers also evaluated the role of three coping mechanisms to determine their impact as buffers nullifying the effects of anxiety.
hey are acceptance of pain, mindfulness and values-based action.

The study subjects were 125 consecutive adult patients who answered questionnaires designed to assess their anxiety about pain, measure their acceptance of it, identify the values they associated with interacting with family and friends and with working and learning, and to gauge the level of their mindfulness about pain ranging from almost always to almost never.

Results of the study showed that anxiety is associated with greater pain, emotional distress and disability in chronic pain patients. Anxiety was determined to be the strongest predictor of depression, disability and visits to physician offices.
hen the three coping strategies were used, the authors concluded that acceptance of pain, mindfulness and values-based actions reduce but do not eliminate the extent to which anxiety influences patient functioning.

The authors concluded that in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapies, the coping mechanisms can undermine the role of anxiety in worsening suffering and disability in chronic pain patients. (ANI)

Stem cell therapy may cure blindness

London, Apr 19 (ANI): The world’s first stem cell therapy to cure the most common cause of blindness has been developed by British researchers.

The research team believes that the procedure, which can tackle age-related macular degeneration (AMD), will become a routine, one-hour method that will be generally available in six or seven years’ time.

The treatment was pioneered by scientists and surgeons from the Institute of Ophthalmology at University College London and Moorfields eye hospital, and involves replacing a layer of degenerated cells with new ones created from embryonic stem cells, reports The Times.

In the new treatment, embryonic stem cells are transformed into replicas of the missing cells. They are then placed on an artificial membrane which is inserted in the back of the retina.

Tom Bremridge, chief executive of the Macular Disease Society, said: “This is a huge step forward for patients. We are extremely pleased that the big guns have become involved, because, once this treatment is validated, it will be made available to a huge volume of patients.”

Laboratory trials completed by the British team, led by Professor Pete Coffey, director of the London Project to Cure Blindness, have demonstrated that stem cells can prevent blindness in rats with a similar disease to AMD.

Coffey said the treatment would take “less than an hour, so it really could be considered as an outpatient procedure. We are trying to get it out as a common therapy”. (ANI)

Job Promotion Is Harmful For You, Say British Researchers

Everyone working in this world wants promotion i.e. higher position in his/her field.

But a study conducted by British scientists disclosed that job promotion can be risky for one’s health, and leave them substantially less time to visit their physician.

Economics and psychology scientists at the University of Warwick in central England discovered that promotion on average produces 10% more strain, and leaves up to 20% less time to visit the doctor in the event of sickness.

The researchers examined the assumption that an improvement in job position results in better health because of an increased sense of confidence.

While analysing data collected in Britain involving 1000 individual promotions, from 1991 to 2005, they found no proof of improved physical health after promotion.

However, those who were promoted to higher ranks had a significantly greater mental strain.

Moreover, there was on average a 10% decrease in people’s mental health after a job promotion.

Researcher Chris Boyce stated, “Getting a promotion at work is not as great as many people think. Our research finds that the mental health of managers typically deteriorates after a job promotion, and in a way that goes beyond merely a short-term change.”

“There are no indications of any health improvements for promoted people other than reduced attendance at GP (General Practitioner) surgeries, which may itself be something to worry about rather than celebrate.”

How clever schoolchildren can avoid being called ‘nerd’

London, March 29 (ANI): British researchers have come up with a suggestion as to how kids can have themselves counted among clever children at school as well as avoid being labelled “nerds”-follow fashion and have a “fall guy” friend who is badly-behaved.

This proposition is based on the findings of studies conducted in nine state secondary schools in England.

The study showed that top class children who were also popular with their classmates, called “alpha” pupils by academics, had a number of typical characteristics that protected them from being branded “boffins” in the playground.

Such children tended to be good-looking, sociable, extrovert and at the centre of events in class, say the researchers.

The study showed that the vast majority of “alpha” girls were thought of as physically attractive by classmates, had long straight hair, wore make-up to school, and used lots of hair accessories when allowed by the uniform code.

The “alpha” boys were perceived to be “cute”, and many had gelled or styled shorter hair, carried banded sports bags and wore their ties in a “jaunty” or casual way.

Clever students’ playground skills also ensured that they avoided derision, said the researchers.

The team also observed that alpha pupils gained kudos by having a best friend who was more disruptive at school, while avoiding facing the discipline that was meted out to the friend.

“Some pupils are able to maintain popularity with peers in spite of their high academic achievement,” the Telegraph quoted Roehampton University’s Professor Becky Francis, joint author of the paper, as saying.

“What appears to be a fundamental facilitator of this “balance” is their physical appearance, and for boys, their physical ability at sport.

“Of course, notions of ‘attractiveness’ are socially constructed, but it remains the case the some pupils are blessed with features that conform to such constructions and other are not,” Francis added.

Working in collaboration with researchers from Birmingham Universities, investigators from Roehampton used data from classroom observations in nine mixed state schools and interviews with 71 high-achieving pupils, aged 12 and 13.

The researchers revealed that 22 of the students were both very able and popular. Fourteen among them were both exceptionally high-achieving and exceptionally popular, and were dubbed the “alpha” students.

They said that all alpha students were thought of as good looking and fashionable by their classmates.

While the alpha girls were often seen to be engaged in “girlie” activity like reapplying lipstick in class, some of the alpha boys were perceived as “class clowns” or “cheeky chaps” who used humour to deflect from their scholarship.

According to the research team, the 22 pupils had high levels of confidence and enthusiasm and worked hard in class.

They completed their work in challenging conditions despite the surrounding mayhem, which some of them were simultaneously engaged in.

They also seemed to perform academic tasks relatively effortlessly, at the same time as socialising in class.

“In this sense they are notably different from the high achieving but not popular pupils, including those delineated ‘boffins’ or ‘geeks’, who tended to be far more exclusively focused on the demands of learning,” the researchers said.

There was evidence that some of the pupils were carefully negotiating the “balance”.

One middle-class boy said: “Well, you try to make yourself be funny as well as do the right answers.” (ANI)

‘KISS’ therapy offers new hope for infertile women

Washington, Mar 17 (ANI): British researchers claim that hormone kisspeptin shows promise as a potential new treatment for infertility.

The study, led by Dr Waljit Dhillo from Imperial College London, has shown that giving kisspeptin to women with infertility can activate the release of sex hormones, which control the menstrual cycle.

According to researchers, the study could lead to a new fertility therapy for women with low sex hormone levels.

Kisspeptin is a product of the KISS-1 gene and is a key regulator of reproductive function. Animals and humans lacking kisspeptin function do not go through puberty and remain sexually immature.

Dr Waljit Dhillo and colleagues have already shown that kisspeptin treatment leads to the production of sex hormones in fertile women.

Now, they have extended their research to look at the effects of kisspeptin in women whose periods have stopped due to a hormone imbalance.

In this study, a group of ten women who were not menstruating and infertile, were injected with either kisspeptin or saline.

Blood samples were then taken to measure their levels of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), two sex hormones essential for ovulation and fertility.

The researchers found that kisspeptin led to a 48-fold increase in LH and 16-fold increase in FSH, when compared to the control treatment.

This is the first study to show that kisspeptin can stimulate sex hormones in women with infertility and presents kisspeptin as a potential new therapy for human infertility.

Dhillo said: This is a very exciting result and suggests that kisspeptin treatment could restore reproductive function in women with low sex hormone levels. Our future research will focus on determining the best protocol for repeated kisspeptin administration with the hope of developing a new therapy for infertility.”

The research is being presented at the annual Society for Endocrinology BES meeting in Harrogate. (ANI)

‘No clear evidence that fish oil can ward off dementia in old age’

London, Mar 9 (ANI): A new study, conducted by British researchers, has cast doubt on claims that fish oil can ward off dementia in old age.

Initially, data from a trial of more than 800 older people showed that those who eat plenty of oily fish seem to have better cognitive function.

However, factors such as education and mood explained most of the link and researchers need to explain what, if any, benefits fish oil has on the ageing brain.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in diet as a way of protecting against dementia.

Much focus has been on omega 3 fatty acids found in oily fish, such as salmon and mackerel.

And there are biological reasons, supported by tests in the laboratory, why in theory, these fatty acids would be neuroprotective.

The latest study, conducted by researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, found a significant association between eating a couple of portions of fish a week and better scores on tests of cognitive function.

However, when they took into account education and psychological health the link almost disappeared.

Experts recommend eating a couple of portions of fish a week, with at least one being an oily fish, because there are proven benefits on the heart.

Lead author of the study, Dr Alan Dangour, said that claims about the benefits of oily fish in warding of dementia in older people seemed to have been oversold.

“The evidence on this has always been sporadic,” the BBC quoted Dangour, as saying.

“What this shows is there is a link between people who eat oily fish and better cognitive function, but if you adjust for education and mood this relationship goes, so it’s not at all clear that healthy older people get any benefit from eating fish oil,” Dangour added.

The new study has been published in the Journal of Nutrition, Health and Ageing. (ANI)

Scientists identify ‘happiness’ gene

London, Feb 25 (ANI): If life looks joyful in spite of recession, job insecurity and expanding waistline, then you should consider thanking your “brightside” gene.

A gene that affects if we’re cheery or gloomy has been tracked down by British researchers, reports The Guardian.

The groundbreaking study claims that individuals who carry the gene don’t pay much attention to negative things happening In their lives and, instead, focus on the happier aspects of life. In the process, they end up becoming more sociable and are generally in better shape psychologically.

Elaine Fox, head of psychology at Essex University, said: “We’ve shown for the first time that a genetic variation is linked with a tendency to look on the bright side of life. This is a key mechanism underlying resilience to general life stress.”

To reach the conclusion, the research team checked how long it took people to react to good and bad images that flashed up on a computer screen.

The study involved more than 100 volunteers.

The positive snaps were that of a couple hugging and someone sailing along in a boat. The negative images included a photo of someone being mugged.

Volunteers’ genetic tests revealed that a tendency to ignore negative images and dwell on the positive ones was strongly linked to a variation in a gene that controls serotonin, which also branded as the brain’s main “feel-good” chemical.

Every individual inherits two versions of the gene, either two short ones, two long ones, or one of each. People who had two longs versions were most likely to focus on the positives, according to the study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. (ANI)

Smoking, boozing, less exercise and veggies intake ‘doubles stroke risk’

London, Feb 20 (ANI): People who lead unhealthy lifestyles are at a significantly higher risk of suffering from stroke, warns a new research.

The British Medical Journal study found that lifestyle behaviours like smoking, no physical activity and eating less of fruits and vegetables could double the risk of stroke.

To reach the conclusion, British researchers examined the impact of four health behaviours (smoking, diet, physical activity, drinking) on stroke risk in a large group of men and women living in Norfolk.

The study involved 20,040 men and women aged 40-79 years old who were taking part in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer Study (EPIC). Between 1993 and 1997, participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and underwent a thorough health examination by trained nurses.

The volunteers scored one point for each of four healthy behaviours: current non-smoking, physically not inactive, moderate alcohol intake (1-14 units per week) and blood vitamin C levels of 50 µmol/l or more, indicating fruit and vegetable intake of at least five servings a day.

An individual could therefore have a total health behaviour score ranging from zero to four, with a higher score indicating more protective behaviour.

Participants were then followed for an average of 11 and a half years. Strokes were recorded using death certificates and hospital discharge data.

There were a total of 599 incident strokes during the follow-up period. After adjusting for other factors that may have affected the results, the risk of stroke was 2.3 times greater in those with a score of zero compared to those with a score of four.

A significantly higher percentage of women scored four compared to men.

The risk of stroke increased in linear fashion with every point decrease in health behaviour score. (ANI)