New air filter system can destroy up to 99.9 per cent of bugs on aircraft

London, September 16 (ANI): British researchers have developed an air filter system that destroys up to 99.9 per cent of infectious viruses and bacteria as well as pollutants that can circulate in the confines of an aircraft, especially on long-haul flights.

According to a report in The Times, the machine has been developed by aerospace giant BAE Systems, in collaboration with Quest International, a small company based in Cheadle, South Manchester, UK.

The device, called AirManager, uses a controlled electric field to filter out and destroy any airborne particles or germs as they pass through an aircraft’s air conditioning system, emitting only clean, sterilized air.

After four years of development and tests, BAE says it has received its first orders from a major European airline and announced the technology is also being considered for use in NHS hospitals as a way to stop the spread of “superbugs” such as MRSA and Clostridium difficile.

The air on board a passenger jet must be pressurized in order for passengers to be able to breathe, but scientists and lobby groups have previously claimed that passengers can be exposed to toxins as a result of the “bleed air” system that is used to redirect air from the engines to the cabin and cockpit.

Air inside the cabin is then circulated and re-circulated up to 30 times an hour, far more than in conventional air conditioning systems, meaning that infectious viruses and bacteria can quickly spread.

Unlike conventional filters, which are designed to sieve out particles from the air as it passes through perforated barriers at high speed, David Hallam, an engineer and founder of Quest International, said that the AirManager used an “avalanche of electrons” emitted in a closed electric field to break down and destroy the atomic structure of any pollutants or germs.

“This works with swine flu, avian flu, norovirus, MRSA, even a modified form of anthrax,” Hallam said.

Hallam said that he originally designed the “close coupled field” in the late 1990s to rid nursing homes of biological odours caused by bacteria.

But, the filter was later found to have an effect in reducing the airborne transmission of bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Clostridium difficile.

BAE Systems expressed interest in the technology four years ago for use on aircraft and the system was recently tested on the flight deck and cabin air systems of Boeing 757 and Avro RJ passenger jets by five European airlines, with successful results. (ANI)

Bird flu virus strain leaves survivors at increased Parkinson’s disease risk

Washington, August 20 (ANI): An animal study conducted by experts at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital has suggested that at least one strain of the H5N1 avian influenza virus leaves survivors at significantly increased risk for Parkinson’s disease, and possibly other neurological problems later in life.

In their study report, the researchers write that mice that survived infection with an H5N1 flu strain were found to be more likely than uninfected mice to develop brain changes associated with neurological disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s involve loss of brain cells crucial to a variety of tasks, including movement, memory and intellectual functioning.

The researchers say that their study has shown that the H5N1 flu strain causes a 17 percent loss of the same neurons lost in Parkinson’s as well as accumulation in certain brain cells of a protein implicated in both diseases.

“This avian flu strain does not directly cause Parkinson’s disease, but it does make you more susceptible,” said Dr. Richard Smeyne, associate member in St. Jude Developmental Neurobiology.

“Around age 40, people start to get a decline in brain cells. Most people die before they lose enough neurons to get Parkinson’s. But we believe this H5N1 infection changes the curve. It makes the brain more sensitive to another hit, possibly involving other environmental toxins,” Smeyne added.

Smeyne revealed that the study focused on a single strain of the H5N1 flu virus, the A/Vietnam/1203/04 strain, and that the threat posed by other viruses, including the current H1N1 pandemic flu virus, was still being studied.

During the study, the researchers infected some mice with an H5N1 flu strain isolated in 2004 from a patient in Vietnam, which is still considered to be the most virulent of the avian flu viruses.

About two-thirds of the mice developed flu symptoms, primarily weight loss. After three weeks, there was no evidence of H5N1 in the nervous systems of the mice that survived.

However, the inflammation triggered by the infection within the brain continued for months, and it was found to be quite similar to inflammation associated with inherited forms of Parkinson’s.

Although the tremor and movement problems disappeared as flu symptoms eased, the researchers reported that 60 days later, mice had lost roughly 17 percent of dopamine-producing cells in SNpc, a structure found in the midbrain.

They also found evidence that the avian flu infection led to over-production of a protein found in the brain cells of individuals with both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

“The virus activates this protein,” Smeyne said.

The study has been reported in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Scary metaphors can affect public health

Washington, Aug 8 (ANI): Using scary metaphors for any kind of natural disaster or health scare can not only make people notice it, but it can also spread panic or cynicism among populations, according to a study.

“Such terms can make people sit up and listen, but they can also lead to panic or cynicism,” said Professor Brigitte Nerlich, who led the research.

She added: “Recent advice on swine flu has centred on basic hygiene, which makes people feel they can do something practical, instead of being mere victims of so-called “superbugs” or “killer viruses”. But obviously this is easier to do when a disease is relatively benign.”

She pointed out that easier Internet access might also help people to feel in control-an issue that emerged from a previous ESRC project on foot and mouth disease carried out in Nottingham.

These days, especially in the context of swine flu, “email, Twitter, and public health sites all give information and advice which can be useful to worried individuals and may dampen down panic. ‘But more research needs to be done in this area,” she said.

The research focused on MRSA along with avian flu and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in nursing, the social study of health and illness, environmental studies and linguistics.

The study compared the language of biosecurity, hygiene and cleanliness used in policy documents and media coverage with the language used by hospital matrons and poultry farmers dealing with the realities of MRSA and avian flu.

“We found that the way people communicate about a threat largely determines how they understand it and behave towards it. Additional findings established that media coverage of hygiene and cleanliness in hospitals tended to portray doctors and nurses engaged in a heroic “battle” against “intelligent super bugs.This was personified by the modern matron wielding the weapon of “cleanliness,” said Nerlich.

After conducting interviews with hospital matrons, the researchers found that a gap between the media portrayal and the reality on the wards.

Matrons said that the limitations in their authority over contractors, and time constraints made it impossible for them to spend even half their time as a “visible presence” on the wards.

“This was another example of the control issue. Modern matrons have limited powers to limit the spread of infection or improve hygiene. For instance, they can’t hire extra nursing staff for barrier nursing or deal with problems with cleaning contractors. Our findings highlight the need for policy messages to be translated more accurately into practice,” said Nerlich. (ANI)

New interferon response could offer early control of bird flu virus

Washington, June 20 (ANI): The cell-signalling protein, interferon type 1, has the potential to reduce H5N1 influenza virus’ (bird flu virus) replication in mice, and can thus offer protection in the early stages of infection, according to researchers from Georgia.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses increasingly pose a serious public health risk, as cases of interspecies transmission from birds to humans continue to rise.

While not much is known about the pathogenic mechanisms of H5N1 influenza viruses, prior research has suggested that their ability to evade innate immune responses within the host, such as the type 1 interferon (IFN-a/B) response, contributes to virulence in mammals.

In the study, they used a mouse model to analyse the role of type 1 interferons in IFN a/ receptor-deficient and wild-type mice challenged with two avian influenza A viruses isolated from humans (HK/483 and HK/486).

The two viruses generally exhibit high and low lethality in mice.

The findings revealed that INF-a/ß receptor-deficient mice lost significantly more weight, and were faster to succumb to death than wild-type mice.

Both the HK/483 and H/K 486 virus caused a similar systemic infection in INF-a/ß receptor-deficient mice.

However, pre-treatment with IFN-a/ß significantly reduced replication of both viruses.

“These results suggest a role for the IFN-a/ß response in the control of H5N1 virus replication both in vivo and in vitro, and as such it may provide some degree of protection to the host in the early stages of infection,” said the researchers.

The findings of the study have been reported in the Journal of Virology. (ANI)

Novel vaccine strategy may offer protection against flu viruses

Washington, May 19 (ANI): Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh suggest that vaccines made up of virus-like particles (VLPs) could provide stronger and longer-lasting protection against flu viruses than conventional vaccines.

VLP vaccines can be developed and produced twice as quickly as conventional vaccines, the researchers said.

In early clinical trials, VLP vaccines appear to provide complete protection against both the H5N1 avian influenza virus and the 1918 Spanish influenza virus, said Ted Ross, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Vaccine Research.

Adopting the new vaccine strategy may allow public health officials to respond more quickly to emerging influenza pandemics, say researchers.

The current injectable vaccine for seasonal influenza is a trivalent, inactivated vaccine. It consists of three different influenza strains that are grown in eggs and then inactivated, or killed, by chemicals that break them into tiny pieces.

Because they no longer look like the circulating virus, conventionally made vaccines strains do not elicit as strong an immune response as VLP vaccines.

VLPs can be quickly and easily produced in several ways, including growing them in cell cultures or in plants.

Also, if the genes in the disease virus are identified, then researchers can generate particles for a vaccine without an actual sample of the agent.

“The sequence for the recent H1N1 ‘swine flu’ virus was online and available to scientists long before physical samples could be delivered,” r. Ross said.

“It would have been possible to produce VLPs in quantity in as little as 12 weeks while conventional vaccines require physical samples of the virus and production can take approximately nine months,” he added.

The study has been presented at the 109th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in Philadelphia. (ANI)

Awareness campaign against swine flu near India-Myanmar border

Kamjong (Manipur), May 7 (ANI): Veterinary doctors and other authorities have geared up to combat swine flu outbreak by launching awareness campaign among residents and by organising massive vaccination for pigs in villages near India-Myanmar border in Manipur.

Doctors recently organized an awareness campaign in Awongtang Kamjong border village of Ukhrul District, around 120 kilometers away from Imphal.

As preventive measures, department workers and officials have started awareness programme in border areas such as Kamjong and Poi in Ukhrul district, by visiting and conducting public meetings with the representatives of different civil organizations of the Kamjong Village.

Doctors are highlighting the probable threats of transmitting the disease from the livestock animals that are illegally imported from Myanmar to the village.

“Especially here people of this place are doing business of livestock trade especially pig or avian’s and other livestock. As this place is important place for transportation of animals from international border area, so we like to give message to people for taking precautionary measures of the dreaded disease of swine flu,” said Dr. K. Gopal Singh, a disease specialists.

Authorities are also appealing other civil bodies and church representatives to check and prevent any kind of import of livestocks from Myanmar, as the State Government has already banned such imports of livestocks.

Residents involved in the livestock trade are happy with the awareness progaramme as they believe it would really help in dealing with deadly disease to great extent.

“The Veterinary Department has already announced the disease as deadly and dangerous disease. We are grateful and happy that the efforts taken by the department to educate and make us aware of the disease,” said S. D Lowin Singh, a resident.

Although the Central Government has only issued an advisory to all states in the remote northeastern region and not sounded any particular directives, the State Government has initiated preventive measures against swine fever. (ANI)

Ocimum Biosolutions to introduce new test for H1N1 flu

Hyderabad, May 4 (ANI/Business Wire India): Ocimum Biosolutions announced the launch of a microarray-based test (research use only) for the latest version of the H1N1 flu.

The company reported that it updated its custom chip probes using sequence information from the latest strain of the swine flu from the NCBI site.

Most of these sequences have been submitted worldwide in the past 96 hours.

The CDC and US Food and Drug Administration have authorized the emergency use of an RT-PCR based molecular diagnostic assay to identify cases of swine flu in the current outbreak in the US.

The microarray (research use only) was developed on Ocimum’s custom OciChipT array platform three years ago when the first cases of the avian flu outbreak occurred.

This has been updated with the latest sequence information posted last week and the probes have been redesigned.

This test will be available for use after the validation is completed. Ocimum said that it can also provide an RT-PCR based molecular diagnostic assay for use in India and Asia.

Anu Acharya, CEO, Ocimum Biosolutions said, “Our Bioinformatics team in India has redesigned the OciChipT array probes to match the latest sequence information available. The RT-PCR assay and the microarray will quickly identify the H1N1 virus in patients diagnosed with Influenza A as some older tests may not pick up this new strain.”

“In a public health emergency like this, we want to make sure that we identify the right strain which is not picked up by current tests. We are ready to work with various public health labs in the India and the region that need help in setting up these assays, or running the samples in our labs. Pandemics of this sort need to be rapidly identified at the source so that public health officials can implement various measures to control the disease. Both these assays can be conducted in a few hours and avoids the risk of patients with suspected cases infecting others when the wait is longer,” added Acharya. (ANI)

Suspected cases of Swine Flu in India found negative

New Delhi, May 2 (ANI): All six samples that were sent to National Institute of Communicable Disease for suspected cases of Swine Flu have turned out to be negative. ealth screening of passengers coming from affected countries is continuing in 18 International airports at Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Calicut, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Srinagar and Trichy. Besides, screening of passengers at Varanasi will start tomorrow. A total of 33,936 passengers have been screened. 126 doctors and 71 paramedics have been deployed to man 51 counters at these airports.

The World Health Organization, meanwhile, has reported 615 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A/H1N1 infection with 17 deaths from fifteen countries.

The global body said that 13 countries have now reported laboratory confirmed cases.

Mexico has begun its 5-day shutdown to curb the and has raised its confirmed swine flu death toll from 15 to 16, adding that the total number of confirmed cases of the virus had risen to 397.

Mexico is observing complete shut down of its economy in a bid to slow the spread of the flu virus.

The nations across the globe are taking extra precautions to curb the menace of epidemic.

According to the latest WHO figures released late on Friday, the United States has 141 cases and 1 death.

Canada has 34 cases, Spain 13 and Britain 8. New Zealand and Germany have 3 confirmed cases each, Israel has two, and Austria, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, South Korea and Hong Kong have a case each.

Swine Flu or the H1N1 virus is a genetic re-assortment of swine influenza, avian influenza and human influenza strains. The diagnosed human cases suggest extended human-to-human transmission.

The World Health Organization has raised the pandemic alert to its second highest level. (ANI)

Cambodia installs fever scanners at airport to stem swine flu

Phnom Penh – Cambodian authorities Tuesday installed equipment to scan passengers for fever at Phnom Penh’s international airport to stem the spread of swine flu. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Health Ministry said there were no reported cases of the potentially deadly viral infection in the country.

Heath Ministry workers installed thermal imaging equipment Tuesday morning but did not plan to begin using them until officials decided whether to screen all passengers or only those who had recently traveled to affected areas, airport police commander Chor Kimly said.

“We will begin scanning passengers as soon as we receive the orders from the ministry,” he said.

Chor Kimly said scanners were also installed at Siem Reap international airport, where thousands of international tourists arrive every week en route to Cambodia’s famous Angkor Wat temple site.

Health authorities have used the same equipment during regional outbreaks of avian flu, which has killed seven Cambodians since 2003.

A WHO and Heath Ministry joint statement said Cambodia had a “pandemic response plan” and was equipped to manage a swine flu outbreak.

“Cambodia has increased its surveillance for unusual respiratory illnesses in hospitals, health centres and airports,” the statement said. “Cambodia has prepared stockpiles of various resources, including medication to treat viral infections, and has access to additional regional supplies if required.”

There are no direct commercial air routes to Cambodia from Mexico, the United States, Spain or any other swine-flu affected countries, but dozens of flights arrive daily from Thailand, Vietnam, China, South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore.(dpa)

New virus is not ‘swine flu’, Paris-based health organization says

Paris – The virus currently circulating in Mexico and the United States and which has killed at least 20 people is not swine flu, the Paris-based World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) said Monday. “The virus has not been isolated in animals to date. Therefore, it is not justified to name this disease swine flu,” the OIE said in a press statement.

The virus “includes in its characteristics swine, avian and human virus components,” the OIE said, and urged that it be called “North American influenza,” after its geographic origin.

The OIE said it was “urgent” that scientific research be carried out to determine the susceptibility of animals to what it said was a “new virus.”

If animals were susceptible, “virus circulation could worsen the regional and global situation for public health,” the organization said.(dpa)

Swiss flu medicine company sees stock rise on back of outbreak

Geneva – The Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roch, maker of influenza medication Tamiflu, saw its stock price rise 3.8 per cent in early trading Monday on the Zurich exchange on the back of the global swine flu outbreak. During the avian flu epidemic the drug was used heavily, particularly in South Asia.

Shares in Roche were trading at close to 145 Swiss francs (126 dollars), up over five francs since the opening.

Martina Rupp, a spokeswoman for Roche, said Tamiflu was deemed to be effective against the swine variant.

“Tamiflu can always be used,” she explained, noting that as an antiviral, unlike vaccines, it did not need to be adjusted to specific strains of flu.

The research department at Roche was however looking into dosing schemes, checking to see “how much and for how long,” meaning how many pills should be taken and over what period, to achieve maximum effectiveness.

Rupp said Roche had donated in recent years 5 million doses of Tamiflu to the World Health Organisation.

Of these, 2 million were distributed “to stockpiles in countries not yet well prepared” in the developing world. From the remaining doses, the company had 1.5 million doses in Switzerland and an identical amount in the US on standby as a “fire-blanket,” to be distributed if needed in case of a pandemic.

“We are waiting for WHO to ask us to deploy,” Rupp said, noting that the company had the capacity to ramp up production if that was requested by the international organization. She added that in 2005, the full production capacity was never used.

The WHO was preparing for the second meeting of its International Health Regulation Committee on Tuesday, after having convened one session over the weekend.

A World Health Organization official said on Sunday that the world was better prepared for the current situation of swine flu, owing to steps taken by governments during the avian outbreak, including the stockpiling of needed drugs. (dpa)

Hyderabad drug firm claims it can increase production of swine flu drug

Hyderabad, May 2 (ANI): An Indian pharmaceutical company in Hyderabad claims that it can revamp the production of antiviral drugs, which can tackle the swine flu drug as the World Health Organisation (WHO) warned of an imminent pandemic.

Hyderabad-based Hetero Drugs, the only supplier in India licensed by Swiss-based Roche, could ramp up production to reach monthly capacity of about 80 million doses of ‘Oseltamivir or Fluvir’, used to treat swine flu cases, within weeks.

Hetero is an Indian company with a sub-license from Roche to manufacture Tamiflu.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) sounded an emergency after the report of first death from outside Mexico, where it killed 149 people and is now reported to have spread to so far as New Zealand.

Since avian flu caught the world off guard in 2003, Swiss drug maker Roche has authorised drug companies in developing countries to manufacture an inexpensive generic form of its Tamiflu drug, called ‘Oseltamivir or Fluvir’.

Hetero is the only producer licensed by Roche for the generic drug in India.

“This particular drug, we supplied more than about 50 million capsules here in 2006. At that time, we supplied about close to one million capsules to the Government of India. We are also committed to our government that whenever there is any kind of such situation arises, we are in a position to supply,” said B P Srinivas Reddy, Chairman and Managing Director, Hetero Drugs Limited.

Reddy further added that the Central Government asked them for the drug and the government may stockpile about 10 million doses of the drug to deal with any outbreak.

“Again last week, the Government of India contacted us and we have given assurance that we are going to supply. Yesterday, there was an enquiry that they may stockpile about ten million doses. We said we are ready to supply and cooperate,” said Reddy.

The company is licensed to export to about 100 developing countries. The fears of swine flu having reached India were dispelled by the WHO, which said the country has not reported any swine flu case and was prepared to handle a possible outbreak.

Reddy also said that there is no need to worry about the spread of virus in the country, as the virus exists in places where the average temperature is less than 32 degrees.

“As far as our country is concerned, nothing to worry because this particular virus, which is causing the disease can exist only less than 32 degrees,” added Reddy.

Hetero supplied 200 million doses of the drug in the last three years to India and other countries, Reddy said, further adding that inquiries about the supplies are pouring in from countries like Latin America, South-East Asia and Middle East.

While there is no vaccine for the swine flu, the generic drugs have been proved to be effective.

The Central Government has stepped up surveillance across international airports and ports to check for any swine flu symptoms. The recently discovered disease (swine fever) is caused by the H1N1 virus type through the mutation of flu that infects swine, human as well as avian population. (ANI)

New study warns over pandemic flu vaccine 6-month time lag

Washington, April 28 (ANI): It will take at least six months to come up with an effective vaccine in the event of a pandemic flu outbreak, scientists have warned.
Dr Iain Stephenson, Consultant in Infectious Diseases at the Leicester Royal Infirmary and a Clinical Senior Lecturer at the University of Leicester, said that by that time, the first wave of pandemic flu might be over before people are vaccinated.

Stephenson conducted a study to find out if a pre-pandemic vaccine could mitigate the worst effects of pandemic flu.

“This study is the first to show an effective pre-pandemic vaccine approach. This means that we could vaccinate people potentially many years before a pandemic, to generate memory cells that are long lasting and can be rapidly boosted by a single dose of vaccine when needed,” he said.

“If an influenza pandemic occurs, vaccination will to be the main way to protect the population. The major current threat seems to be from avian influenza H5N1 (bird flu) which has spread rapidly around the world and causes human infections and deaths.

“Unfortunately, if a pandemic occurs, it will take up to six months to manufacture effective vaccine, so the first waves of the pandemic may be over before people are vaccinated. Furthermore, most people need two doses of H5 pandemic vaccine to get protection- so this adds a further delay.

“To reduce any delay, we could consider stockpiling vaccine or immunizing people with vaccine prepared in advance -(a so called ‘pre-pandemic vaccine’ – to protect them before a future pandemic.

“However, we don’t know which strain of influenza will cause the pandemic. There are several strains of H5N1 virus, so we can’t be sure of which virus strain to make pre-pandemic vaccine from. Therefore a ‘pre-pandemic’ vaccine needs to give cross protection to as many H5 strains as possible,” he added.

Researchers conducted a study comparing the effect of a single H5 bird flu vaccine dose to people who had been vaccinated with an H5 vaccine previously with people who had not previously received vaccine. The aim was the test out the idea of a pre-pandemic vaccination approach.

“We found that those people who received H5 vaccine between 1999 and 2001 responded very well to a single dose of a newer H5 vaccine. They had memory cells that gave a rapid protective response within 7 days of the repeat vaccine. Also the response was very broad and able to protect against all known strains of H5N1 virus,” Stephenson said.

“In contrast, those people who had not been previously vaccinated with H5 vaccine, behaved as we had expected. They required 2 doses of vaccine and got good antibody responses up to 6 weeks after the first dose,” he added.

Stephenson said that this was the first study to show an effective pre-pandemic vaccine approach.

The study has been published in PNAS- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. (ANI)

Intel beats forecasts but shares fall after-hours

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) – Intel Corp smashed quarterly earnings expectations and declared that the worst may be over for the tech sector, but its shares slid 4.5 percent after it failed to give a clear revenue forecast.

The world’s top chipmaker said on Tuesday it believed personal computer sales hit a trough in the first quarter but there was still too much market and economic uncertainty to give a precise projection for the second quarter.

Intel said — for internal planning purposes — it was planning for revenue to come in flat after the first quarter’s $7.1 billion, compared with analysts’ average estimate of $7 billion.

Shares of the chip giant, a bellwether for the market and the global tech industry, wended their way south, dragging down S and P 500 and Nasdaq 100 stock index futures.

Before Tuesday’s after-hours drop to $15.29 from a close of $16.01, Intel stock had leapt 32 percent from a 2009 nadir of $12.01. That rise was nearly twice the Nasdaq’s gain of 17 percent over the same period.

“I would have liked to see higher gross margin guidance,” said Edward Jones analyst Bill Kreher. “The stock has had a heck of the run in recent weeks, so it may be time for a breather here given that visibility does remain limited.”

Gross margins, a closely watched barometer for the company, came to 45.6 percent in the first quarter — just a whisker above Wall Street’s forecast of 43.5 percent. For the second quarter, the company expects margins to remain in the mid-40s.

Intel, which controls roughly 80 percent of the global microprocessor market, is closely watched as a barometer of overall IT industry health.

It reported a net profit in the first quarter ended March 28 of $647 million, or 11 cents a share, down 55 percent from $1.44 billion, or 25 cents a share, a year earlier.

Analysts had expected a much lower profit of 3 cents a share, according to Reuters Estimates.

“The numbers were good but people were expecting stronger commentary. Instead, we got flattish expectations,” said Avi Cohen, managing partner of Avian Securities.

“The shares are down because people were disappointed with the lack of specific guidance. People knew it was going to be north of $7 billion but they wanted to know how much Intel was willing to commit to the next quarter.”

Investors have been bullish on the chip sector of late and shares of semiconductor companies have gone on a tear. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index is up roughly 30 percent since late February.

But industry executives, still shaken by one of the sector’s worst downturns ever, argue that too much uncertainty remains for the future.

Also on Tuesday, fellow chip industry player Linear Technology said forecasting operating results in the current environment was difficult.

“We did see signs that the PC market bottomed out in the first quarter,” said Chief Financial Officer Stacy Smith.

“But there still is a lot of economic uncertainty out there that creates a wider range of potential outcomes than normal.”

Intel’s revenue fell 26 percent to $7.1 billion in the reporting period, versus the average analyst estimate of $6.98 billion.

Shares of Santa Clara, California-based Intel had risen 3 cents to close at $16.01 on Nasdaq on Tuesday, but fell to $15.29 in extended trade.

(Editing by Edwin Chan, editing by Matthew Lewis)

Suspected virus kills a score of Peacock in Indore

Navda Pandha (MP), Mar 25 (ANI): Around twenty peacocks have died at a village near Mhow in Indore following outbreak of suspected virus.

Ten peacocks were found dead at Navda Pandha village while ten more dead peacocks were located in other parts of Indore distrct.

However, the concerned authorities claimed to have saved the lives of two peacocks by rushing them to the Government Veterinary College, Mhow.

Reportedly, these two peacocks are now out of danger.

A post mortem is being conducted on all the birds to determine the exact cause of the peacocks death.

“We are conducting the post mortem and once it is done on all the birds, then only we can come to any conclusion,” said Dr. D K Garg, Professor of Pathology, Veterinary College, Mhow.

According to the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) of Indore Range, consequent to this mishap, a close eye is being kept on birds and the water bodies have been chemically treated to prevent any virus from spreading.

“I went to the same village again and another case of peacock death has been reported, which means that the virus is still among the birds. We then added certain antibiotics in the water to prevent the peacock from dying further,” said L Krishnamurthy, Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), Indore Range.

Meanwhile, it is believed that symptoms of Raniketh (an avian disease) have been found in some of the birds. (ANI)

New discovery to make human vaccine against bird flu a reality

Washington, Mar 3 (ANI): Researchers at University of Melbourne claim that they are closer to developing a human vaccine for avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, after making a new discovery.

They have found that boosting T cell immunity could better protect humans from bird flu pandemic.

“The ‘Killer T cell’ is the hit-man of the immune system. It is able to locate and destroy virus-infected cells in our body helping rid us of infection,” said Associate Professor Stephen Turner, from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Melbourne who is a lead author on the paper.

“Unfortunately, current influenza vaccines are poor at inducing killer T cell immunity. Therefore, we wanted to see if we could improve the current vaccine formulation to induce killer T cells after vaccination.

“We added a compound, known to increase immunity, to the flu vaccine in an animal model. The addition of this compound promoted significant generation of potent killer T cell immunity and provided protection from infection.

“The significance of these findings is that rather than having to design a new vaccine altogether, we can improve current flu vaccines by adding this potent immune modulator.

“With appropriate clinical testing, we could see improvements to current vaccines within the next five years,” Turner added.

Turner said that the key to vaccine effectiveness was ensuring a match between the vaccine and the current circulating flu strain.

However, the spike proteins varied over the course of a flu season rendering the current vaccine ineffective. As such, the vaccine needs to be updated every year to match the likely strain for that winter.

“It is a different situation for influenza pandemics. Pandemics arise due to the introduction of a new influenza virus into human circulation. As such, there is little or no pre-existing immunity to the bird flu virus enabling it to spread rapidly,” Turner said.

“‘Killer’ T cells recognise components that are conserved between different influenza viruses. Therefore, a vaccine strategy that induced killer T cells pre-emptively would provide protection from a potential pandemic,” he added.

The study has been published in the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Bird flu strikes Nepal

Kathmandu, Feb 21 (ANI): Though the Nepal Government has announced that bird flu in the country’s Kakarbhitta area is under control, avian virus has surfaced again in Sharanamati of Jhapa district.

This development was confirmed after over 150 chickens had died in the Indian border town located 35 km southwest of Kakarbhitta. A sample sent to London has shown positive results.

According to Nepalnews, the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has declared the area surrounding Sharanamati a “bird-flu affected area” and increased surveillance along the border.

Hari Dahal, a spokesperson of the ministry, said a Rapid Response Team (RRT) has already been dispatched to control the virus. .

The government has also banned the transportation of poultry products throughout the country.

The first bird flu outbreak was confirmed in Kakarbhitta on January 16. The government had killed 28,000 chickens in the area to control the virus.

Earlier, Agriculture Minister Jayprakash Gupta had asked the international community and donor agencies to provide help to Nepal to fight the disease.

He issued strict instructions to officials working at the Indo-Nepal border check points to quarantine border areas and pay special attention to their task.

Avian influenza commonly known, as bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses and it can also infect humans. Avian influenza is very contagious among birds and can quickly make domesticated birds sick and kill them. (ANI)

China’s sixth human bird flu case surfaces in 2009

Guiyang (China), Jan. 26 (ANI): A sixth case of a human being suffering from bird flu has surfaced in southwest China’s Guizhou Province.

Twenty-nine-year-old Zhou, fell ill on January 15 in Guiyang City, the provincial capital. According to a Xinhua report, he was sent to Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, where he has been admitted in a critical condition.

An official said Zhou tested positive for the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, according to the test result on Sunday from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Guizhou has launched an emergency response against the virus. Those who had close contact with the patient are under medical observation. No one has been found ill so far.

The China’s Ministry of Health has reported the case to the World Health Organization and informed the health authorities of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. (ANI)

Over 13 thousand birds culled in Nepal

Kathmandu, Jan 21 (ANI): The rapid response team formed to slaughter birds and bird related items in Kakkarvitta in Jhapa district near Kathmandu, where the bird flu virus was detected, completed its first phase of operation.

According to Kantipur, around 13000 birds were destroyed during the three-day campaign.
Nepal government launched the campaign to control the spread of the disease by culling birds in the region following the first ever confirmation of an outbreak of the viral disease in Mechi Municipality, bordering India, declaring the region within a three-kilometer radius of Kakkarvitta as emergency.

Technical team comprising experts and doctors formed the rapid response team and started working on it from Sunday afternoon.

Central Animal Quarantine Chief and Bird flu control team coordinator Dr. Ram Krishna Khatiwada said that the first phase of the work has been completed and the second phase will begin from today.

The test carried out in a UK lab confirmed the H5N1 strain of bird flu virus in the dead chickens from the poultry farm of one Ramesh Karki in Mechi Municipality-10.

Earlier, Minister for Agriculture Jayprakash Gupta, asked international community and donor agencies to provide help to Nepal to fight the disease.

He issued strict instruction to officials working at the Indo-Nepal border check points and quarantines in border areas to pay special attention to their task.

Avian influenza commonly known, as bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses and it can also infect humans. Avian influenza is very contagious among birds and can quickly make domesticated birds sick and kill them. (ANI)

Boy, 16, becomes third to die of bird flu in China this year

Beijing – A 16-year-old boy died Tuesday of bird flu, becoming the third person in China in a little more than two weeks to succumb to the disease.

The boy died of H5N1 in Huaihua in the central province of Hunan, the official Xinhua news agency said, citing provincial health officials. They said he had contact with poultry, it reported.

Earlier, a senior government virus expert warned of an “epidemic” and said more human infections were expected.

Shu Yuelong, vice director of virus control and prevention with the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, said prevention measures must be improved and called on China’s people to avoid contact with poultry, especially sick or dead birds.

A 27-year-old woman died Saturday of avian flu in the eastern coastal province of Shandong while a 19-year-old woman died January 5 in Beijing.

A 2-year-old girl is also in critical condition with the disease in a hospital in the northern province of Shanxi.

Before China reported its three deaths this year, the UN’s World Health Organization had confirmed 248 human bird-flu fatalities from 394 infections in 15 Asian and African countries. China’s recent deaths brought its bird-flu fatalities to 23 from 34 infections.

The latest victim was only identified by his family name, Wu. Xinhua said he become sick on January 8 in the south-western province of Guizhou and was transferred to a Huaihua hospital Friday.

Most people who have contracted bird flu have come in close contact with infected poultry, but experts said they fear that the virus could mutate into a form that could be easily passed from human to human, resulting in a worldwide pandemic. (dpa)