Flintoff’s ECB contract rejection threatens Test cricket, but he plays it down

London, Sep.17 (ANI): All-rounder Andrew Flintoff may have unwittingly incited the break-up of international cricket by his refusal of an England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) incremental contract, but he has played down reports of a possible backlash.

Flintoff has assured that his rejection of an England increment contract, a second tier deal offered to him because of his retirement from Test cricket, did not lessen his commitment to England. The all-rounder, who is Dubai undergoing rehabilitation after knee surgery, made it clear that he has no intention of missing any England games should they clash with matches in the various Twenty20 franchise competitions he also hopes to be part of.

Although Flintoff has put all negotiations on hold while he recovers he is known to have been in preliminary talks with teams in Australia, where their revamped Twenty20 competition is to be called the Big Bash and South Africa, where the Pro20 is easily the most popular professional cricket in the country.

Sean Morris, the chief executive of the Professional Cricketers’ Association, said yesterday that other players would join Flintoff in rejecting national deals and that there may be a rash of early retirements from international cricket.

“I think there will be a lot of serious discussion in Johannesburg later this month among the parties and between the parties. I can’t overestimate its importance. In the space of a few weeks we have had two leading players withdrawing from components of the international game, Andrew Flintoff from Tests and Ricky Ponting, from Twenty20 internationals,” The Telegraph quoted Morris, as saying.

Flintoff’s move may stimulate more than debate.

England captain Andrew Strauss was mildly surprised by the decision.

“I’m not going to sit in judgement of him because we don’t know the reasons. We need to sit down and speak to him about why he’s done this and we’ll then make an informed decision about what that means to his availability for England,” he said. (ANI)

We will not let Commonwealth Games suffer: Shiela Dixit

New Delhi, Sep 14 (ANI): A day after the chief of Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) Michael Fennel expressed reservations regarding the completion of work and preparations for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dixit on Monday admitted that there was enough room for improvement and it is being taken care of.

“We are monitoring transport carefully, we are also looking for alternatives. But, there may be things we are unable to complete on time. But, the alternatives are being looked after by our PWD (Public Works Department) Minister, our Transport Minister, our power guys, everyone. So, we will not, from our side, let the Commonwealth games to suffer,” Dixit told media after a cabinet meeting in the national capital.

“We are satisfied, but at the same time we are also nervous. There are many things, which we know, have to be done at this time,” Sheila Dixit Delhi CM said.

Fennel has expressed dissatisfaction over the preparations of the Commonwealth Games and has sought Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s intervention in the issue.

Dixit also said that hosting the games was a matter of honour for the nation and Delhi would prove competent in hosting it, but admitted some things might not be complete on time.

She informed that Fennel had visited the Thyagraj stadium and was satisfied with the preparations. He, though, was sceptical regarding the availability of power.

“Mike Fennel did pay me a visit about a month back, he spoke to me about just one thing, he said that, we hope power will be available. So, we said, “yes it would be available”. He had come at a time when there was a power crisis in Delhi. Apart from that, he spoke about Thyagraj, saying that we have been around and we are quite satisfied,” said Dixit.

The CGF General Assembly is due to meet in New Delhi early next month to assess the work a year ahead of the Oct 3-14 games. (ANI)

Even a simple road can turn subsistence communities into commercial hunting camps

Washington, September 13 (ANI): In a new study, scientists have found that even a simple road can turn subsistence communities into commercial hunting camps that empty rainforests of their wildlife.

The study was carried out by researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the IDEAS-Universidad San Francisco de Quito at Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park.

The researchers, in the park, found that the presence of a single road in a protected area and the subsidies provided by oil companies to local people can fundamentally change how indigenous communities use their resources by providing both access to deeper parts of the forest and a cheap means of getting meat to nearby wildlife markets.

“We’ve found that a road in a forest can bring huge social changes to local groups and the ways in which they utilize wildlife resources,” said WCS and USFQ researcher Esteban Suarez, lead author of the study.

“Communities existing inside and around the park are changing their customs to a lifestyle of commercial hunting, the first stage in a potential overexploitation of wildlife,” Suarez added.

“A simple, seemingly inoffensive road can have far-reaching effects on a landscape and its people,” said Dr. Avecita Chicchon, Director of WCS’s Latin America and Caribbean Program.

“It provides hunters with more access to a wider range of forest while providing a low-cost transportation route to markets. More importantly, it plugs communities more easily into the larger economic world while creating increased demand for numerous species of animals. It is the road to unsustainability,” he added.

In the study, WCS scientists measured the levels of wild meat sold in a market in Pompeya, located about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) outside Yasuni National Park, between the years 2005-2007.

The wild meat market emerged shortly after the construction of the road.

Although road access was strictly controlled, the oil companies operating this concession provided free travel along the road for hunters from local Waorani communities, according to the study.

The availability of cheap transportation is the biggest factor in determining the large amount of wild meat making it to market from Waorani communities.

In fact, the road’s very existence prompted many Waorani to abandon their semi-nomadic lifestyle; three Waorani communities now live along the road.

Between the years of 2005 and 2007, the researchers recorded more than 11,000 kilograms (24,000 pounds) of wild meat moving through the Pompeya market each year. (ANI)

Cooperative factories must help in ensuring sugar availability: Pawar

New Delhi, Sep 10(ANI): Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar on Thursday urged cooperative sugar factories to play a more pro-active role and shoulder the responsibility of importing more raw sugar, not only for better utilization of their processing capacity, but also to fulfill their obligation of providing adequate and affordable sugar to the nation.

Addressing the 50th Annual Meeting of the General Body of National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Ltd. here, Pawar said the government has already taken steps to assist sugar factories to further help sugarcane farmers to improve productivity as well as sucrose content in sugarcane by way of soft loans at four per cent per annum from SDF.

Pawar said that in view of the significant drop in sugarcane production, there isn’t for increasing sugarcane producing area immediately. The Central Government has also decided to give a one time short term loan assistance from SDF at four per cent per annum for the purchase of inputs like seed, fertilizers and pesticides.

“The loan given to the sugar factories has to be passed on to the farmers at not more than four per cent interest in cash or kind, before March 31, 2010,” Pawar added.

Pawar also requested the delegates to assess their individual capability and capacity to pay during 2009-10 sugar season and give remunerative price to the farmers, keeping in view the long term requirement of sugarcane.

This will encourage them to increase acreage under sugarcane as well as invest more in the sugarcane crop by way of inputs like fertilizers and pesticides, he added.

Pawar further requested the sugar factories to utilize modernization and expansion loans before investing in projects for utilizing the by-products.

The minister also talked about two important aspects -increased availability of sugarcane by way of improvement in productivity as well as recovery of sugar and controlling the cyclical nature of the sugarcane and sugar economy- which need to be addressed not only by the Government, but also by the sugar factories as well as the sugarcane farmers.

Stating that the country is reeling under pressure of high sugar prices along with lack of availability of sugar, not only in the domestic market, but also in the international market, Pawar discussed some unprecedented steps taken by the Government to supplement the domestic production of sugar and also ensure availability of sugar to the more vulnerable sections of the society.

He expressed hope that these steps would not only increase availability of sugar in the market within September, 2009, especially during the festival season, but also have a positive impact in controlling the sugar prices. (ANI)

Microsoft India announces strategic alliance with TCS

New Delhi, Sep 8 (ANI/Business Wire India): Microsoft India and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) – a leading IT services, consulting, business solutions and outsourcing firm today announced a strategic alliance between the two companies to launch Microsoft-TCS virtualization Center of Excellence (CoE) in Chennai.

Designed to help customers experience the right approach to applying and managing virtualization across IT architectural layers (namely server, machine, application and desktop) in their business environments – the CoE will leverage best of breed Microsoft technologies (such as Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008) to showcase virtualization scenarios to customers.

The Microsoft-TCS virtualization CoE is a joint initiative by the companies to accelerate the adoption of virtualization technology in India.

“Virtualization is one of the most disruptive technologies in the world today. Though there is adequate knowledge on the benefits of virtualization – only 5% of the world’s servers are virtualized today! There is a clear gap between awareness and adoption of this technology – which has emerged from the lack of guidance among customers around actual implementation of this technology and their inability to demystify the conceptual transition from physical to virtual environments. Through our partnership with TCS to launch the virtualization CoE, we will address this crucial market need and help customers land the benefits of virtualization technology in accordance with their business requirements”, said Rajan Anandan (Managing Director, Microsoft India).

“We are always looking to enhance the services we provide to our customers. Virtualization has clearly emerged as a revolutionary technology with wide reaching implications for global as well as Indian businesses – one that our customers are showing a great deal of interest in. Due to its key benefits such as improved performance, reduced total cost of ownership and increased availability of IT infrastructure – virtualization is increasingly being viewed as an imperative technology by customers, specifically in these challenging economic times,” said P. R. Krishnan (Vice President and Global Head IT Infrastructure Services, TCS).

“The Microsoft-TCS virtualization CoE is an initiative aimed at enabling our customers rapidly realize the advantages of this revolutionary technology. Based on robust virtualization solutions from Microsoft – the CoE will leverage best of breed technologies that are best suited to help our customers stay ahead in today’s competitive market environment”, added Krishnan.

The Microsoft-TCS virtualization CoE will deliver a heightened user experience that will help customers demystify Virtualization: migration from physical to virtual environments, user experience and performance, management of physical and virtual infrastructure from a single console – and experience how virtualization technology deployment in the datacenter can enable improved performance, higher availability and lower cost of ownership of IT infrastructure.

With a holistic approach to virtualization, Microsoft addresses its customers’ end-to-end virtualization requirements – with technologies and solutions spanning across the datacenter to the desktop, and from implementation to management (both virtual and physical resources). (ANI)

CCEA reviews prices of essential commodities

New Delhi, Aug 31(ANI): The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on Monday reviewed the prices of essential commodities and observed that the major areas of concern were prices of pulses and sugar.

The CCEA has said that several steps have been taken to increase the availability of pulses and sugar, which would help in controlling the price increase.

The need to enforce stock limits, carry out de-hoarding operations and use the powers available under the Essential Commodities Act and the Prevention of Black-marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Commodities Act have also been emphasised. (ANI)

Cairo’s slums get an energy makeover

Washington, August 30 (ANI): Reports indicate that the slums of Cairo, Egypt’s largest city, have got an energy makeover, with solar panels sprouting on apartment rooftops, providing residents with clean power and water and a chance to directly improve their lives.

According to a report in National Geographic News, since 2003, the nonprofit Solar CITIES project has installed 34 solar-powered hot water systems and 5 biogas reactors in Cairo’s poor Coptic Christian and Islamic neighborhoods.

“Our program is unique, in that we’re implementing rural-type solutions in an urban environment,” said project leader Thomas Culhane, an urban planner and 2009 National Geographic emerging explorer.
“It’s the kind of stuff you would do in the Peace Corps in an African village, but we’re doing it right smack dab in the slums of a city,” he added.

Solar CITIES’ hot water systems are constructed from recycled materials and are uniquely tailored to the parts of a city where water and electricity availability are often sporadic.
“The problem with professional solar hot water systems is that they’re made for cities with continuous water,” Culhane said.

By contrast, Solar CITIES’s water heaters use a city’s water when it’s available but draw from a backup storage tank when it’s not.
The setup consists of an insulated rectangular box covered in clear glass or plastic on one side. Inside the box are copper tubes wrapped in sheets of aluminum, which are painted black.
Sunlight striking the darkened aluminum is converted to heat, which is then used to warm water flowing through the pipes.
The glass sheet on top of the box prevents the heat from being carried away by wind.
The water, which can reach temperatures of 176 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius), is then pumped into an insulated plastic barrel for storage.

The water, which remains warm long after sunset, can be connected to an apartment’s plumbing system.
Solar CITIES also installs biogas reactors, which are based on designs Culhane saw while working in India.
The reactors use microbes harvested from animal guts to break down food wastes into flammable gas that can be used for cooking and heating.

If necessary, the reactors can draw hot water from the solar water heaters to maintain the warm temperatures the bacteria need to survive.
By attaching a simple plastic tube to the reactors, gas can be piped down several stories for residents to use.
“In 24 hours, you’ve got 2 hours of cooking gas from yesterday’s cooking garbage,” Culhane said. (ANI)

Kolkatans worried over rise in prices of vegetables, fish

Kolkata, Aug 28 (ANI): People of Kolkata are a worried lot as prices of vegetables and fish have increased in the city.

The vegetable vendors are selling potatoes at the rate of Rs.18 per kg which were earlier being sold at Rs.6. Earlier, prices of tomatoes were Rs.20 per kg but now they are being sold at Rs.30 per kg. The prices of other vegetables have also increased.

Vegetable sellers say that less production of vegetables have increased the price this year.

“The prices of vegetables were low earlier. But now the prices are increasing because of less production. There is a gap between supply and demand,” said Sahadeb Poira, a vegetable seller.

Residents say that prices of vegetables are becoming unaffordable for them.

“Here if I go to market for potatoes I have to pay 18 rupees more than that. And say now when you—-purchase 5 rupees or 6 rupees per kg now its three times therefore we can’t afford it,” said RN Chakraborty, a resident of Kolkata.

The prices of food grain, sugar and other items of daily needs have created an explosive situation in India because of weak monsoon and drought like situation.

Food prices surged an annual 13.3 percent in mid-August even as the overall wholesale price index fell, and the impact of a poor monsoon on inflation and the economy could prompt further government relief steps.

The prices of ‘Hilsa’ fish have also increased in the region. Sayeed Anwar Maqsood, secretary, Fish Importers Association says that prices have increased because of less procurement from neighbouring Bangladesh.

“The prices of Hilsa fish have gone up because of the fact there is a scarcity in the market. We fish importer association used to bring every year more than 5,000 metric ton of Hilsa fish. But then we are not able to bring fish this year from Bangladesh. The major reason is because fish availability in Bangladesh itself is very little,” said Maqsood.

Hilsa prices in Kolkata, as a result, have shot up substantially from 100-120 rupees (2.3- 2.7 US Dollars) a kilogram to 350-400 rupees (8.15- 9.31 US Dollars), putting the fish out of reach of middle class Bengalis. (ANI)

Continuation of Remote Village Electrification Programme approved

New Delhi, Aug 27 (ANI): The Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure today approved the continuation of Remote Village Electrification Programme of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy during the remaining period of the 11th Plan.

The Programme aims to provide renewable energy based lighting/basic electricity facilities with 90 per cent Central Financial Assistance to those unelectrified villages and hamlets which are not going to be covered under RGGVY due to infeasibility of grid extension.

The Ministry has so far provided support for coverage of around 9300 villages and hamlets in 25 States.

A variety of renewable energy technologies are being deployed for electrification of remote villages. These include small hydro, wind, biomass and solar energy based options.

The decision to use a particular technology is taken by the State implementing agencies after examination of the technical feasibility and resource availability.

The most commonly used option by the States so far has been solar photovoltaic homelighting systems with 2 lamps for each household.

The Programme will be implemented by the State Governments through their notified implementing agencies.

The Programme is expected to cover 10,000 remote, unelectrified villages and hamlets and benefit around 1 million households.

Availability of lighting/basic electricity to the remote villages and hamlets is expected to lead to improvement in the quality of life of the people, including better health and education.

The total outlay for the programme has been estimated at Rs.867.89 crores during the current Plan period. (ANI)

DNA analysis key for solving mystery of King Tut’s origins

London, August 26 (ANI): Dr. Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Egypt, has said that harvesting DNA from ancient mummies would be the key to solving the mystery surrounding Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen’s origins.

According to an article authored by Dr Hawass in the Asharq Alawsat Newspaper, he was in for a surprise when he entered the royal tomb of Tutankhamen with Professor Zakaria, and managed to get DNA samples.

Previously, there was hardly any hope in obtaining DNA samples from mummies, and Dr Hawass believed that he would prove to the world that mummies did not have any DNA suitable for analysis.

“For the first time, I saw that it is possible to harvest DNA from a mummy, and I believe that this will be the key to solving the mystery surrounding King Tutankhamen’s origins,” he wrote in the article.

Tutankhamen, the golden pharaoh, continues to bedazzle the entire world.

The discovery of King Tut’s tomb, which took place around 85 years ago, remains the most important archeological discovery of our time, not just in Egypt, but in the entire world.

This was the first time that a royal tomb of one of Egypt’s pharaohs was discovered untouched, and with the complete set of funeral furniture which was buried with the King.

In addition to this, there was also the treasures and jewelry which blinded anybody who set eyes on them.

“In an attempt to unravel the mystery surrounding King Tut’s family and discover the identity of his father, we find that there are some archeologists who strongly suggest that this is most probably King Akhenaton,” said Dr Hawass.

Akhenaton was the first Pharaoh to advocate monotheism, not just in ancient Egypt, but in the world. Others believe that Akhenaton’s father, King Amenhotep III is a more likely candidate for Tutankhamen’s father.

As for King Tut’s mother, “If we follow the speculation mentioned above with regards to Tutankhamen’s father, his mother is most likely either Queen Tiye, the consort of King Amenhotep III or the extremely famous, Queen Nefertiti, the consort of King Akhenaton,” said Dr Hawass.

These questions are enigmatic, and archeologists are having a hard time trying to answer them.

According to Dr Hawass, “We have embarked upon the quest to solve the mysteries surrounding King Tut thanks to the two DNA analysis laboratories that we have access to, as well as the availability of a CT-Scan machine, through which we are able to know every single detail about a mummy.” (ANI)

Pressmart delivers newspapers on Kindle and Sony eReader

London, Aug 25 (ANI/Business Wire India): Pressmart, a leading provider of multi-channel news publishing services, today announced the availability of eEditions compatible for reading on eReader devices like Kindle and Sony.

This unique technology enables news publishers to attract new subscribers who wish to read news and access their favorite newspaper content on the eReader screen in its original format.

With this latest addition to Pressmart on-demand digital delivery platform, publishers can go digital on web, mobile, eReader, podcast and RSS in a matter of minutes even if they do not have any technical knowledge.

Additionally, Pressmart offers access to state-of-art marketing, subscription and advertising tools using which publishers can start monetizing from digital delivery from almost day one.

Publishers can also benefit from Pressmart’s content delivery partnerships with news aggregators, telecom carriers, leading distributors and handset majors such as Motorola, Airtel, Curtis, BSNL, Spice and Samachar.com.

Some of the leading publishing titles such as Philadelphia Inquirer, The San Diego Union-Tribune, Orlando Sentinel, Birmingham Post, Bangkok Post, theSun, Hindustan Times, Deccan Chronicle and Indian Express have partnered with Pressmart for repurposing content on new media delivery channels.

“Today’s product launch is an important milestone for Pressmart, reinforcing our position as a leading innovator in the digital publishing market and setting a new technology benchmark.” said Sanjiv Gupta, Chairman and CEO of Pressmart.

“It is our goal to continue to lead the evolution of the industry whilst delivering a first-class reading experience through our ‘Digital Editions’ in a format that today’s generation can use,” Gupta added. (ANI)

Swine flu could kill as many as 30,000 to 90,000 people in US

Washington, August 25 (ANI): In a recently released report, the Obama administration’s advisory group on Science and Technology has said that the H1N1 flu virus, dubbed ‘Swine flu’, could cause as many as 30,000 and 90,000 deaths in the United States and pose a serious health threat.

According to Fox News, deaths would be concentrated among children and young adults, determined the report.

In contrast, the typical seasonal flu kills between 30,000 and 40,000 annually – mainly among people over 65.

The report predicts 1.8 million will be hospitalized during the epidemic, with up to 300,000 patients requiring intensive care units.

These patients could occupy 50-100 percent of all ICU beds in affected regions at the peak of the epidemic and would place “enormous stress” on ICU units.

More needs to be done to speed up the “preparation of flu vaccine for distribution to high-risk individuals,” otherwise the vaccine campaign – currently scheduled to begin in mid October – will have potentially missed the peak of the epidemic, according to the report.

The report from the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, PCAST, shows a sober assessment of the dangers of a pandemic, but also serves as a pat on the back for a White House preparing for its first public health crisis.

“Based on the history of influenza pandemics over the past hundred years, PCAST places the current outbreak somewhere between the two extremes that have informed public opinion about influenza,” stated the report.

“On the one hand, the 2009-H1N1 virus does not thus far seem to show the virulence associated with the devastating pandemic of 1918-19. On the other hand, the 2009-H1N1 virus is a serious threat to our nation and the world,” it added.

This is due to the likelihood that more people will be infected because so few people have immunity to the strain.

As a result, PCAST recommends that the Food and Drug Administration “accelerate a decision about the availability of antiviral drugs for intravenous use.”

The current expectation is that the vaccine will be available in mid-October.

According to Harold Varmus, PCAST co-chair and President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, despite the long ‘to-do’ list, the Obama administration has thus far done a good job of preparing for a national outbreak.

“The Federal Government’s response has been truly impressive and we’ve all been pleased to see the high level of cooperation among the many departments and agencies that are gearing up for the expected fall resurgence of H1N1 flu,” he said. (ANI)

Fodder is scarcer, dearer in Jammu

Jammu, Aug 21 (ANI): Fodder is scarcer, dearer in Jammu leaving the milkmen with little to feed their cattle. It has led to decline in milk production.

Continuous dry spell in the region is said to be responsible for the unprecedented hike in price of fodder especially wheat straw commonly known commonly as ‘Bussa’.

Rising prices have taken animal fodder out of the reach of the milkmen.

Wheat straw that was generally available in the market between rupees 1 to 2 per kg is currently being sold at rupees 8 per kg, four times higher than its original price.

“We are in trouble. We don’t get any fodder. The available fodder is sold at rate of 8-10 rupees per kg. Once I went to Gangyal, a place in Jammu, I return empty hand from there too. Cattle had to remain hungry,” said Ahamed Din, a milkman.

The scarcity of fodder has also resulted in decline of milk production as milkmen find it difficulty to provide their livestock with the high protein diet.

Even the fodder sellers agree that there is a scarcity of fodder.

“Availability of fodder is very less so Gujjars are facing a lot of problems. They are unable to increase milk production because cattle are not being feed fodder. The fodder is expensive,” said Rajendra Gupta, a fodder store owner.

Wheat straw is currently being imported to Jammu from Punjab due to which traders are charging exorbitant prices.

Animal fodder includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. By Nadeem Khan (ANI)

Provide immediate relief to drought-affected areas: Pawar

New Delhi, Aug 21 (ANI): Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar asked the State Agriculture Ministers on Friday to take immediate steps to provide relief to the drought affected areas.

Addressing a conference of State Agriculture Ministers here, Pawar urged them to take steps to protect the interest of small and marginal farmers.

Pawar described the situation in 246 districts across 10 states as grim, and said the state agriculture departments must gear up their machinery to ensure full support to the farmers at this critical times.

Rabi crops can be planted early and over a large area to make for the kharif losses due to a poor monsoon, Pawar explained.

“This is good opportunity to ensure wheat is sown in time particularly in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal,” Pawar.

Pawar said there is an urgent need to promote alternate crops like pulses, sunflower, bajra, fodder and vegetables as the reports pointing out a shortfall in paddy sowing.

In his speech Pawar also stressed the need for sustaining the animal health, livelihood of small and marginal farmers and landless labourers.

He asked the State Governments to set up control rooms at the state capital and district headquarters to deal with drought situation.

“For the drought-affected population we should ensure availability of food, drinking water, fodder and employment. I am sure with your cooperation we would be able to tide over this crisis and regain the momentum of food grain production in the country.”

Pawar also expressed concern over price rise and asked the ministers to take measures to check it. (ANI)

Army adopts new promotion policy for Major. Generals, Lt.Generals

New Delhi, Aug 20 (ANI) : The Indian Army’s new promotion policy restricts officers of the rank of Major General and Lieutenant General, to handle either administrative duties or lead troops in operational formations.

Under the policy, staff stream officers will perform only administrative tasks, while command stream officers will get to lead troops in field formations.

Officers in the respective streams would, however, get no opportunity to change streams while moving up the career ladder. Also, the promoted officer would be allotted a stream on a pro-rata basis keeping in view the availability of staff and command posts at any given point of time.

According to the new policy, a Major General, once selected into staff stream, would take up posts such as Chiefs of Staff of a Corps or a Command Headquarters, or head an Area Headquarters, which are administrative posts.

The new policy coming into effect on the basis of recommendations made by the Ajai Vikram Singh Committee (AVSC).

The Indian Army has created 75 additional Major General posts and 20 Lieutenant General posts as per the recommendations of the committee in December last year.

The policy was first implemented for 15 Major Generals, who were promoted to Lieutenant General rank in January this year.

The new policy, which was adopted by the Army was first mooted in 1980 by former army chief General K Sundarji. (ANI)

Natural organic matter plays key role in making mercury toxic to living creatures

Washington, August 19 (ANI): Scientists have found that naturally occurring organic matter in water and sediment appears to play a key role in helping microbes convert tiny particles of mercury in the environment into a form that is toxic to most living creatures.

According to Duke University environmental engineers, this finding is important because it could change the way mercury in the environment is measured and therefore regulated.

This particularly harmful form of the element, known as methylmercury, is a potent toxin for nerve cells. When ingested by organisms, it is not excreted and builds up in tissues or organs.

In a series of laboratory experiments, Amrika Deonarine, a graduate student in civil and environmental engineering at Duke’s Pratt School of Engineering, found that organic matter and chemical compounds containing sulfur – known as sulfides – can readily bind to form mercury sulfide nanoparticles.

Since they are more soluble than larger particles, these nanoparticles may be the precursors to a process known as methylation.

“When the organic material combines with the mercury, it prevents the particle from accumulating with other mercury particles and growing larger,” said Deonarine.

“Since the mercury remains in a nanoparticle size, it can easily collect on the surface of microbes where any mercury that dissolves can be taken in by the microbes,” she said.

“Without the organic matter, the mercury sulfide nanoparticles would grow too large and become insoluble, thus reducing the availability of mercury for microbial methylation,” she added.

It is while inside the microbe that the mercury is converted into the harmful methylmercury form, according to the researchers.

These reactions can only take place in cold water environments with little to no oxygen, such as the zone of sediment just below the bottom of a body of water.

Other such anaerobic environments can also be found in waste water and sewage treatment systems, the researchers said.

Mercury is extremely toxic and can lead to kidney dysfunctions, neurological disorders and even death. In particular, fetuses exposed to methylmercury can suffer from these same disorders as well as impaired learning abilities.

There are many ways mercury gets into the environment, with the primary sources being the combustion of coal, the refining of such metals as gold and other non-ferrous metals, and in the gases released during volcanic eruptions. (ANI)

Drug trials point the way to understanding aviation and climate change

Southampton (UK), July 14 (ANI): A unique collaboration between the University of Southampton’s Schools of Engineering Sciences and Medicine, which has presented the most comprehensive review of the impact of aviation on climate this century, has been awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal in London.

The paper entitled ‘Systematic review of the impact of emissions from aviation on current and future climate’ is the first major study of its kind in the last decade, since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published its findings on this subject in 1999.

Dr Kenji Takeda, Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering Sciences and lead author of the paper explains: “By using an objective approach to reviewing the effect of aircraft on climate, we hope to provide a good baseline for this active debate. There is a clear need for improving scientific understanding, and it is vital for the aircraft industry to continue to support climate scientists and work towards future solutions for sustainable aviation.”

The Southampton collaboration is unique in the sense that the application of the systematic review methodology for drug appraisals is subject to climate change. The results of the paper show that there is a wide range of predictions for the impact of aviation on climate. These are most dependent on assumptions made about future economic growth. The paper also highlights how dependent we are on the level of scientific understanding and modelling capability, particularly around the non-CO2 effects of aircraft.

Systematic reviews are carried out to identify and synthesise evidence using a transparent and objective approach. They are used extensively by medical researchers for assessing the effectiveness of methods for preventing, treating and managing different diseases, to inform national policy in the UK on their availability across the National Health Service. This is one of the first times this rigorous approach has been applied to the complex issues around climate change. It is hoped that such objective methodology can be more widely applied in this area to help inform and guide the decision-making process that will determine the future of the planet. (ANI)

Enzyme key to ageing identified

Washington, July 11 (ANI): Scientists from University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have identified an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the process of aging.

Lead researcher Dr. Abbe de Vallejo, associate professor of Paediatrics and Immunology, has found that eliminating pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) enzyme increases the lifespan of study mice.

The researcher revealed that PAPPA enzyme has the ability to promote a robust immune system into old age, by maintaining the function of the thymus throughout life.

Thymus is the organ that produces T cells to fight disease and infection. It degenerates with age.

The study showed that PAPPA-knockout mice live at least 30 percent longer, and have significantly lower occurrence of spontaneous tumours than typical mice.

PAPPA controls the availability in tissues of a hormone known as insulin-like growth factor (IGF) that is a promoter of cell division. Hence, IGF is required for normal embryonic and postnatal growth.

IGF is associated with tumour growth, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease in adults.

By deleting PAPPA, the researchers were able to control the availability of IGF in tissues and dampen its many ill effects.

In the thymus, deletion of PAPPA maintained just enough IGF to sustain production of T cells without consuming precursor cells, thereby preventing the degeneration of the thymus.

“Controlling the availability of IGF in the thymus by targeted manipulation of PAPPA could be a way to maintain immune protection throughout life,” de Vallejo said.

“This study has profound implications for the future study of healthy aging and longevity,” de Vallejo added.

The study has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Blankets can help prevent brain damage

Washington, July 8 (ANI): Blankets not only help stave off the shivers, they can also offer protection against brain damage, say researchers.

Patients with brain injuries or dangerously high fevers are often cooled to reduce their core body temperature to prevent further damage and aid healing.

But cooling induces shivering, which counteracts to keep the patient’s temperature low, thereby causing physical stress.

It is currently treated with sedatives and other drugs.

However, Andreas Kramer, a member of Faculty of 1000 Medicine and leading expert in the field of critical care medicine, said that simply warming the skin with blanker could decrease shivering in many patients, without the need for drugs.

Physicians at Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital found that the intensity of shivering and physiological stress increased when warming blankets were removed from therapeutically cooled patients.

And shivering subsided when the blankets were replaced.

Kramer said that though warming the skin did not reduce shivering in all patients, “its simplicity, low cost, widespread availability, lack of adverse effects, and the potential to avoid sedation … make it an attractive treatment option.” (ANI)

Gargantuan dinos the ‘couch potatoes’ of prehistoric world

London, July 7 (ANI): A new research has determined that due to their huge sizes, dinosaurs were the ‘couch potatoes’ of the prehistoric world.

According to a report in the Telegraph, the research was done by Dr McNab from the University of Florida.

Having easy access to food, coupled with their sedentary lifestyle when not hunting, helped the creatures grow into the biggest beasts to have ever walked the earth, according to Dr McNab.

Paleontologists have argued that dinosaurs’ size was in some way due to the way they regulated the temperature of their blood.

Dr McNab believes that the availability of food resources was more important, however.

Using a model based on a vertebrate’s energy expenditure, mass and eating habits, Dr McNab explained the body size of existing and extinct mammals, including baleen whales, an ancient rhinoceros and modern elephants.

He used the example of the larger mass found in some marine mammals which reflect greater resources in their environment.

While Dr McNab said that thermal biology differences are easily seen in small organisms, he suggested dinosaurs were neither cold nor warm blooded but maintained an intermediate temperature between mammals and reptiles, thanks to their size.

Some dinosaurs ate lizards, turtles or eggs, while others hunted other dinosaurs. The majority ate plants however.

Many of these plants, which can be seen in fossils, had edible leaves, including evergreen conifers such as pine trees, redwoods and their relatives, ferns, mosses and in the latter stages of the dinosaur age, flowering fruit plants.

According to Dr McNab, “Like couch potatoes sitting within easy reach of high calorie foods, the gargantuan size of dinosaurs most likely stems from the abundance of resources available, coupled with low energy expenditures.”

“Some dinosaurs reached masses that were at least eight times those of the largest, ecologically equivalent terrestrial mammals,” he said.

“The factors most responsible for setting the maximal body size of vertebrates are resource quality and quantity, as modified by the mobility of the consumer, and the vertebrate’s rate of energy expenditure,” he added. (ANI)