Four tips for speaking from a podium

The podium can be an intimidating place. Even seasoned public speakers feel anxious when standing in front of a microphone. Here are four tips for making your next speech from the podium hum with confidence:

1. Keep your feet planted and stand up straight. This will convey poise and strength, even if that’s not what you’re feeling.

2. Don’t memorize. Unless the speech is very short, the anxiety of trying to remember your lines will only make your task harder.

3. Find a place for your hands. Put your hands in one place – for example, on the sides of the podium – and then forget about them. You will bring them up naturally to gesture as long as they have a place to return to.

4. Practice, practice, practice. Rehearse as many times as you can, in an environment as close to the real experience as possible.”

(The management tips are adapted from “Speaking from a Podium: Simple Tips to Get Started” by Daniel Kennedy.)

Technology makes people happier – especially women

London, May 14 (ANI): Access to Internet and communication devices can increase people”s sense of satisfaction and well being – especially amongst women, says a new study.

The survey of 35,000 people, carried out by BCS, the Chartered Institute of IT around the world, found that access to information technology had an “enabling and empowering role”, which lead to greater “life satisfaction”.

“IT appears to empower the disempowered,” read the report. “In fact, much of the improvement in life satisfaction that arises from information technology flows to those who are less well-placed in society. Those on lower incomes or with fewer educational qualifications appear to benefit more from access to IT than those on higher incomes or with higher educational backgrounds. This appears to be the case across the globe.

“The research indicates this relationship, but not the mechanism; this is an area for further study.”

Women, being the social hub of communications in their families, societies and work, are even more benefited due to IT. Those on lower incomes also gained from IT access.

“Anything that increases the sense of personal control in our lives, such as IT, will reduce anxiety and stress and keep us mentally well,” The Telegraph quoted Donna Dawson, a psychologist, as saying.

“Through giving us choices, allowing is access to information, and putting us in touch with others, IT can increase feelings of security, personal freedom and power, which together give us greater life satisfaction.” (ANI)

Wenger against bidding for successful World Cup stars for Arsenal

London, Apr 29(ANI): Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has said he will not be tempted to buy players who make an impact during the World Cup in South Africa.

“The World Cup will not affect our recruitment. It is dangerous to buy on the back of a World Cup. The prices are artificial and you have to bear in mind that anyone can have three weeks of glory,” The Sun quoted Wenger, as saying.

Wenger, who has been reluctant on spending money and signing new stars, further said that he will add new players early in the summer.

“To have 10 years of success is quite different. With the season drawing to a close, people are inevitably looking to discuss our transfer targets,” Wenger said.

“I do have targets and have been talking to people, but I cannot mention any names at the moment. The earlier you settle your teams for the next season the better it is and the less anxiety you have,” he added.

Wenger’s transfer policy, based on nuturing young talent and not spending big on established players has been criticized, as Arsenal are on the verge of finishing the season without a trophy for the fifth year in a row. (ANI)

Family storms out of cheeseball murder sentencing

The relatives of a 21-year-old man who was deliberately mowed down in Sydney’s north have angrily stormed out of the sentencing hearing for his murderer.

Sarah May Ward, 38, is being sentenced in the Supreme Court after being found guilty of running down Eli Westlake with her car after he threw cheeseballs at her two years ago at St Leonards.

His mother, Jan Loquet Westlake, today wept as she told the court of the family’s loss.

“Getting a call from our first-born son, Joel, to say he was lying under a car in a pool of blood holding his dead brother’s hand has changed our life forever,” she said.

Ms Loquet Westlake said her family had been gripped by anxiety, insomnia, depression and grief since her son’s death.

She said the family was still regularly seeing a grief counsellor, but her composer husband Nigel Westlake had been unable to earn a living since that night as he felt he could no longer write music.

“To his family and friends, Eli was an inspirational character… who’d emerged into a flourishing adult life…” she told the court.

“Each day we awake to the nightmare that we will never see him again. We yearn for his wonderful companionship and wicked laugh.”

She also told the court of a “deeply harrowing experience” when the family hand dug her son’s grave.

She described how her husband and son, Joel, met with about 20 of Eli Westlake’s friends armed with shovels and picks and took about eight hours to dig the hole they would bury him in.

‘Joel feels somewhat responsible’

A short time later, Joel Westlake became incensed as the defence discussed his involvement in the incident. He stood up in the gallery, swore at Ward’s lawyer and stormed out of the court room, followed by family members.

Justice Roderick Howie said he did not believe Ward’s actions were entirely unprovoked.

“I feel very sorry for Joel because I have no doubt that he feels somewhat responsible for what happened,” he said later.

The court was also told Ward had a violent criminal record.

Justice Howie set down her sentencing for April 22 and said she would spend a “very long time” in jail. He said by the time the 38-year-old would be released, “she is going to be a lot older and we hope a lot wiser.”

Sarah Ward was found guilty of murder nearly two weeks ago after a four-week trial.

She had pleaded not guilty to murder but guilty of manslaughter.

The trial heard Mr Westlake had been walking home with his brother and his friends after a night out drinking when they became involved in an argument with the woman at a convenience store.

The court was told Mr Westlake had jumped out of the way the first time Ward drove towards him, but she reversed and accelerated towards him again.

Ward had drunk two bottles of wine and had taken cannabis, ecstasy and valium before getting behind the wheel.

The defence argued she did not intend to kill Mr Westlake.

Sarah Ward had told police her passenger grabbed the steering wheel just before the victim was hit.

She also blamed the shoes she was wearing at the time for the way she was driving.

The jury also rejected the defence’s arguments that Ward did not have control of her actions given her drunken state and her mental disorder.

Fergie admits to having ‘butterflies in stomach’ ahead of big game

London, Mar. 27 (ANI): Manchester United boss Alex Ferguson has admitted to having big-game jitters ahead of a quarter-final tie against Bayern Munich in the Champions League.

“Whether you”re at the top of the league or the bottom that”s what football does to you. If it wasn”t that way, we are all in the wrong job. I think it tells that you still care about the game,” The Sun quoted Ferguson, as saying.

“Managers are subject to that more than anyone – that uncertainty about winning a game, that anxiety, that apprehension about every game you play in simply because the result is important to you,” he added.

The all-conquering 68-year-old revealed for the first time that beneath that confident exterior of a winner, there are still the same butterflies that hit other bosses.

“Some people are relaxed about the game and don”t show great emotions, but they still care,” he said.

“Deep down, they are probably turning inside out like the rest of us because that is what the game does to you. There is no one in the game more directly responsible for results than the manager,” he added.

Ferguson believes that it will go to the last game of the season to decide the title winner. And, even, the goal tally could be a deciding factor, he added.

“I”m trying to work out the run-ins and what the eventuality could be. I can”t see anything other than possibly the last game unless somebody blows up,” he said.

“You look at Chelsea winning 5-0 at Portsmouth, and think goal difference could be a factor.”

“That win brought their goal difference level with ours, and although I”ve said it over the years, I”ve got a feeling it could be decisive this season,” he added. (ANI)

Meditation a good way to ease pain

Washington, Mar 16 (ANI): Meditation can help enhance the ability to moderate reactions to pain, according to new study.

In the study, published in The Journal of Pain, boffins from the University of North Carolina measured pain ratings in students interested in learning meditation who recruited for the study. Subjects were trained in meditation for three consecutive days and were given experimental pain stimuli.

Results of the trial showed that relaxed states promoted by the brief mindfulness meditation sessions reduced the reported pain ratings. Participants had less pain to both low and high pain intensities and showed significant reductions in anxiety after each meditation stimulation. The authors concluded that decreases in anxiety and increases in the ability to sustain personal focus can attenuate the feeling of pain.

In assessing their findings, the authors noted that the analgesic effects of meditation can be realized even after a short period of time learning the technique. Also, the results provide additional validation of the benefits of cognitive techniques for controlling pain. (ANI)

No toxic substance found in Urumqui’s latest syringe attack victims’ body

Urumqui, Sep. 14 (ANI): The blood samples of Urimqui’s latest syringe attack victims showed no trace of radioactive, toxic or viral substances, such as AIDS, an expert at a Beijing-based laboratory has said.

However, Director of Disease Control and Biological Security Office with China’s Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Qian Jun, has said that the victims have showed signs of depression.

“Although no radioactive or toxic substances were found, some patients showed various levels of anxiety and depression and have been recommended for psychological counselling,” China daily quoted Quian, as saying.

Meanwhile, the first group of syringe attack suspects were prosecuted in Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

At least 500 cases of attacks have surfaced in the city since mid-August.

Two men and a woman were given sentences ranging from seven to 15 years in jail for syringe stabbings or robberies in which they threatened their victims with needles.

The court sentenced 19-year-old Yilipan Yilihamu to 15 years in prison for injecting a woman with a hypodermic needle on August 28 at a roadside fruit stall. (ANI)

Natalizumab drug improves quality of life of MS patients

Washington, Sept 13 (ANI): A new study has found that multiple sclerosis patients taking Tysabri (Natalizumab) experienced a significant improvement in both their physical function and psychological well-being.

“The symptoms that an MS patient deals with on a daily basis result in significant psychological and physical effects that can adversely impact their quality of life,” said Dr William Stuart, medical director of the Multiple Sclerosis Center of Atlanta.

“In a previous pivotal trial, TYSABRI not only showed a reduction in relapse rates and disability progression, but also improved quality of life.

“Results from this observational study further demonstrate the impact of TYSABRI on improving MS patients’ well-being as reported by patients who live with this disease every day,” he added.

The study assessed the health outcomes from patients’ perspectives before starting TYSABRI and after the third, sixth and 12th infusions of TYSABRI.

After six TYSABRI infusions, patients reported statistically significant improvement in disease-specific quality of life (QoL), which measures the physical impact of MS in terms of mobility and self care, as well as the psychological impact of MS in terms of anxiety/depression.

The participants also scored higher in general health-related quality of life.

The findings were presented at the 25th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS). (ANI)

Donkeys help five-year-old to “find his voice”

London, Sept 8 (ANI): Donkeys have helped a five-year-old boy suffering from selective mutism – a severe childhood anxiety disorder in which a person who is normally capable of speech is unable to speak in given situations -to “find his voice”.

Edward Wright was diagnosed with selective mutism at the age two.

His mother, Michelle, says she wasn’t worried initially but gradually she could not help noticing his silence.

The Daily Express quoted her as saying: “I was worried…He’d chat at home but if we were in a supermarket or at the doctors he wouldn’t say a word. It was as if he was scared of people he didn’t know hearing his voice.”

“At nursery he’d point to pictures of what he wanted to do each day rather than telling the staff. At first we thought he was just shy,” she added.

Although Edward’s family could not understand his behaviour, his speech therapist said his symptoms showed he was suffering from selective mutism.

Edward’s special coordinater suggested visits to a donkey-riding centre might help.

The Elisabeth Svendsen Trust (EST) For Children And Donkeys is situated on the outskirts of Leeds.

Every week nearly 150 children with disabilities and special needs spend time with the donkeys here.

Michelle explained: “The idea was that the games and activities Edward would do with the donkeys might help him overcome whatever was stopping him talking.”

Edward attended sessions at the centre last September and showed marked improvement in the weeks to follow.

Michelle said: “Gradually he became more confident…after a few weeks he began whispering commands into the donkeys’ ears. Later he would say instructions out loud to stop and start them while riding. It was lovely to see.”

She added: “At school he now talks to friends in the playground and he answers teachers when they ask questions. Every day he has an hour or two of speech therapy which also helps.

“Edward talks about the donkeys a lot, especially his favourite one Eeyore. The donkeys really have helped him find his voice.” (ANI)

Chocolate, relaxation rooms can help beat exam stress

London, Sept 6 (ANI): In an attempt to beat exam stress, some schools in the UK are offering pupils chocolate and access to relaxation rooms, academics told an education conference.

Researchers at Edge Hill and Manchester universities have urged that parents and teachers are putting the wrong kind of pressure on teenagers to succeed.

The study has been presented at the British Educational Research Association (BERA) conference in Manchester.

It analysed the link between teacher and parent behaviour and the anxiety levels of 175 sixth form students. The researchers also examined the stress levels of 224 GCSE pupils and compared them with their exam results, reports The Scotsman.

The study found that higher anxiety usually leads to lower scores.

Lead researcher Dr Dave Putwain said: “I know of one school that gives anxious children chocolate and a pat on the head immediately before an exam.

“Pupils at another school I have visited can spend some time in a relaxation room that has soft lighting, comfortable furniture and soothing sounds.” (ANI)

Monkeys ‘groove to Metallica’s heavy metal music’

Washington, Sept 2 (ANI): Monkeys prefer silence to Mozart, but they are big fans of heavy metal music, in particular Metallica, a new study has found.

Music is a sure-shot way to influence human emotions. However, nonhuman primates scarcely respond to human music, and instead prefer silence.

Now, a new report by Charles Snowdon, a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and musician David Teie of the University of Maryland has shown that a monkey called the cotton-top tamarin indeed responds to music.

And the catch here is: the South American monkeys are essentially immune to human music, but they respond appropriately to “monkey music,” 30-second clips composed by Teie on the basis of actual monkey calls.

In the study, the music was inspired by sounds the tamarins make to convey two opposite emotions: threats and/or fear, and affiliation, a friendly, safe and happy condition.

The group of cottontop tamarins were played a variety of music, including Bach, Led Zeppelin and Miles Davis, but they only reacted when heavy metal rock songs by Metallica were played.

The study, published this week (Sept. 1) in the journal Biology Letters, reported that the monkeys could tell the difference: For five minutes after hearing fear music, the monkeys displayed more symptoms of anxiety and increased their movement. In contrast, monkeys that heard “affiliative” music reduced their movements and increased their feeding behavior, both signs of a calming effect.

Monkeys interpret rising and falling tones differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica.

Non-human primates don’t seem to appreciate human music, Snowdon said, although research has suggested they prefer Mozart to rock music and silence to Mozart.

The study opens a new window into animal communication, Snowdon said.

“People have looked at animal communication in terms of conveying information – ‘I am hungry,’ or ‘I am afraid.’ But it’s much more than that. These musical elements are inducing a relatively long-term change in behavior of listeners. The affiliative music is making them calmer; they move less, eat and drink at a higher rate, and show less anxiety behavior,” the expert said. (ANI)

Depressed teens ‘at higher risk of mental health problems in later life’

London, Sept 1 (ANI): Teenagers who suffer from minor depression are at a higher risk of suffering from mental health problems in their adult life, says a new study.

Psychiatrists at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute surveyed 750 fourteen to 16-year-old teenagers and then interviewed them as adults, to come up with the findings.

Researchers found anxiety, severe depression and eating disorders were much more common in those 20 to 30-year-olds who had suffered from minor depression as adolescents, reports The BBC.

The report published in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that 8 percent of participants had minor depression as teenagers.

By the age of 20 and 30, these people were four times more prone to developing major depression than those who did not face bouts of depression as teens.

According to the research, teens with minor depression had a two-and-a-half times increased risk of agoraphobia, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder and a threefold risk of anorexia or bulimia as adults.

The researchers defined minor depression as one which lasted for at least two weeks and had symptoms like feeling low, losing interest in activities, sleeping problems and poor concentration.

Study leader Dr Jeffrey Johnson said more research was needed to see if depression problems in teenagers were an early phase of major depressive disorder or if minor depression earlier in life contributed to the development of more serious problems later on.

Lucie Russell, director of campaigns at Young Minds, said: “Ensuring teachers, social workers and the rest of the children’s workforce have the appropriate skills and knowledge to identify when a child is showing signs of depression will enable young people to get help early before problems escalate to crisis point.” (ANI)

15pc preschoolers suffer from anxiety, depression: Canadian study

Washington, Aug 29 (ANI): Almost 15 pct of the preschoolers suffer from high levels of depression and anxiety, according to a Canadian study.

The five-year investigation showed that children with atypically high depression and anxiety levels are more likely to have mothers with a history of depression.

“As early as the first year of life, there are indications that some children have more risks than others to develop high levels of depression and anxiety,” said first author Sylvana M. Cote, a professor at the Universite de Montreal’s Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.

“Difficult temperament at five months was the most important predictor of depression and anxiety in the children,” Cote added.

During the study, the researchers examined 1,758 children born in Quebec.

“We found that lifetime maternal depression was the second most important predictor of atypically high depressive and anxiety problems during preschool years,” said Cote.

“Our study is the first to show that infant temperament and lifetime maternal depression can lead to a high trajectory of depressive and anxiety problems before school entry.

“It is critical that preventive interventions be experimented with infants who risk developing depressive and anxiety disorders.

“Health professionals should target such high risk children at infancy, as well as their parents, to have a long-term impact on their well-being,” Cote added.

The study is published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. (ANI)

Growth rate can go beyond 6 percent: Pranab Mukherjee

New Delhi, Aug. 28 (ANI): Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Friday said that India may be able to attain over six per cent growth rate in the current fiscal.

“In the last five years, the GDP growth rate was eight per cent. It was 6.7 per cent in 2008-09. This year, it would be difficult to say because of drought. If there is no major difficulty or constraint, it would be possible to have a six plus per cent of GDP in 2009-10,” he said during an interaction with members of Editors Guild of India in New Delhi.

Last year, he noted, had been particularly difficult in the second half because of high prices of petroleum products, high rate of inflation and global financial crisis.

Mukherjee said excess liquidity had to be mopped up and the two packages announced by the Prime Minister late last year and subsequent pacakges in the wake of the meltdown had helped arrest the fall in growth.

After referring to drought and other problems, he said his another area of concern was that people were commenting about the reforms agenda.

“Reforms are a continuous process. It is going in the right direction. There is no scope for anxiety about pursuing financial sector reforms.” (ANI)

Oz Govt. not taking action on call for banning raunchy videos

Melbourne, Aug 21 (ANI): The Aussie Government is said to have decided not to take any action on banning raunchy music videos and sexual images that have been described as being too sexually explicit for children.

A Senate committee wanted stricter advertising controls and tighter classification laws on videos and ads.

According to the Herald Sun, the Government’s response to the committee was described by child development experts, and family and women’s groups last night as “pitiful” and “wishy washy”.

Raunchy videos including Jessica Simpson’s ‘These Boots are Made for Walking’, Christina Aguilera’s ‘Dirrty’, and Kylie Minogue’s ‘Spinning Around’ are among those cited by groups as being popular with children but having over-the-top sexualised dance music.

But the television and advertising industry will continue to be mostly self-regulated, and raunchy videos will still be allowed.

The Government said there was a “low level” of community concern about music videos, and said it had no power over the Advertising Standards Board, a private organisation.

Barbara Biggins, of the Australian Council on Children in the Media, said young children’s exposure to sex-charged videos was a serious concern.

“Children are increasingly exposed to a hyper-sexualised media in what has been described as the ‘pornification’ of our culture,” News.com.au quoted her as saying.

“This report does little to allay community concerns about the sexualisation of children in the media,” she said.

Julie Gale, of Kids Free 2B Kids, said the response showed a continued reluctance to respond to concerns about the sexualisation of children.

“It also fails to address many of the concerns of child development professionals and increasing evidence from research,” she said.

Family First senator Steve Fielding said the Government had gone soft on the issue.

“The response is weak. Someone’s got to them,” Senator Fielding said.

Women’s advocate and author Melinda Tankard Reist was also disappointed.

“It appears as though industry has got off lightly again,” she added.

Dozens of submissions to the committee charged that over-sexed media images were contributing to eating disorders, depression, anxiety, body image dissatisfaction, self-harm, low self-esteem, and children acting sexually. (ANI)

Personality traits associated with chronic worrying can lead to early death

Washington, Aug 19 (ANI): Too much worry and stress can lead to early death, at least in part, as people are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours, such as smoking, say researchers.

In this study, the researchers from Purdue University looked at how smoking and heavy drinking are associated with the trait.

“Research shows that higher levels of neuroticism can lead to earlier mortality, and we wanted to know why,” said Daniel K. Mroczek, a professor of child development and family studies.

“We found that having worrying tendencies or being the kind of person who stresses easily is likely to lead to bad behaviours like smoking and, therefore, raise the mortality rate.

“This work is a reminder that high levels of some personality traits can be hazardous to one’s physical health,” he added.

Researchers suggest that a person with high neuroticism is likely to experience anxiety or depression and may self-medicate with tobacco, alcohol or drugs as a coping mechanism.

The study showed that smoking accounted for about 25 percent to 40 percent of the association between high neuroticism and mortality.

The other 60 percent is unexplained, however, it is possibly attributed to biological factors or other environmental issues that neurotic individuals experience, Mroczek added.

Mroczek said that a better understanding of the bridge between personality traits and physical health can perhaps help clinicians improve intervention and prevention programs.

“For example, programs that target people high in neuroticism may get bigger bang for the buck than more widespread outreach efforts,” he said.

“It also may be possible to use personality traits to identify people who, because of their predispositions, are at risk for engaging in poor health behaviors such as smoking or excessive drinking,” he added.

The findings are published in Journal of Research in Personality. (ANI)

It’s official: A nice cup of tea soothes away stress

London, Aug 13 (ANI): A new study has confirmed what millions of brew-lovers have long believed – a nice cup of tea helps us calm down during stressful times.

The study’s researchers commissioned by insurer Direct Line asked 42 volunteers, and found that the drink makes people feel “looked-after” and “at home”, reports The Daily Express.

But that’s not it: Even the tea-making ritual provides a “chillout moment” that significantly reduces anxiety levels after stressful experiences.

In the study, scientists carried out a maths test and afterwards half the group was given a glass of water and half got a cup of English breakfast tea.

The research found that the water-drinkers showed a 25 per cent increase in anxiety compared with before the task, while the tea-drinkers were four per cent less stressed.

Participants said the tea relaxed them and helped to “draw a line” under their stressful experience. (ANI)

Maternal stress key to behavioural problems in kids

Washington, Aug 9 (ANI): A new study has revealed that maternal stress both prenatal and early post-partum may lead to conduct problems in kids, which is likely to continue into adolescence.

Partner cruelty to the mother, harsh parenting and high levels of under-controlled temperaments in the children’s first years of life were also identified by the researchers as increasing the risk of conduct problems continuing into adolescence.

“… maternal anxiety, both prenatal and early post-partum, is critical in differentiating youths with persistent conduct problems from youths with childhood-limited conduct problems,” said Dr. Edward D.

“Ted” Barker, an assistant professor and researcher in UA’s Canter for the Prevention of Youth Behaviour Problems.

However, less than 50 percent of young children exhibiting high levels of conduct problems, including fighting, stealing and lying, will continue displaying these problems in adolescence.

“The results support intervention efforts that ‘start at the beginning’ and offer high-risk mothers health and psychological support beginning with their first obstetric screening,” said the researchers.

The study appears in the American Journal of Psychiatry. (ANI)

Bras are men’s latest stress busters!

London, Jul 11 (ANI): Unwinding after a stressful day at work now comes easy for men with the introduction of the latest anxiety-busting accessory – a bra made specifically for them.

The garment, which comes at 20 pounds, is made of soothing silky material, and it is said to make the wearer feel “calm and revived”.

Makers of the bra have produced 5,000 in a choice of white, pink or black, but they fit only the smallest of manboobs as they come in just one size, a tiny A cup.

Wishroom, a mail order undies firm, started selling the Bra-O in Japan last year, and most of its customers are “salaried men” and office workers in their 30s and 40s.

“They’re not interested in cross-dressing, they just find wearing a bra relaxes them,” the Sun quoted Wishroom boss Masayuki Tsuchiya as saying. (ANI)

Worrying about paying bills can make you ‘fat’

Washington, July 8 (ANI): A new study has found that taking a lot of stress can cause people to pack on pounds.

The study looked at the relationship between weight gain and multiple types of stress-job-related demands, difficulty paying bills, strained family relationships, depression or anxiety disorder-in the U.S. population.

“Today’s economy is stressing people out, and stress has been linked to a number of illnesses -such as heart disease, high blood pressure and increased risk for cancer. This study shows that stress is also linked to weight gain,” according to Jason Block, M.D., M.P.H., who conducted the research as a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholar(r) at Harvard University.

Women’s waistlines are affected by more types of stress. In addition to weight gain associated with financial problems or a difficult job, women also added pounds when grappling with strained family relationships and feeling limited by life’s circumstances.

For men, the numbers on the scale did not go up when facing difficult family relationships or feeling constrained by life circumstances. Among men, lack of decision authority at work and lack of skill discretion was associated with greater weight gain. Skill discretion can be defined as the ability to learn new skills on the job and to perform interesting job duties.

Overall, this study found that people who reported increased psychological stress gained more weight if they already had higher body mass indexes (BMI). A similar weight-gain pattern was not found among lower-weight people who were dealing with the same types of stress, according to the study.

When coping with life’s stressful periods, individuals may change their eating behaviours, which can lead to changes in weight. Stress-induced weight gain is influenced by a person’s gender, what types of foods people eat when they change their eating behaviours, and whether the person is already overweight or obese.

These factors may cause some people to gain more weight under stressful circumstances, while others may gain less weight or even lose weight when stressed.

The study appears in the July 15 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology. (ANI)