US army set for “hopping rotochut” that hops to avoid rubble trouble

London, September 19 (ANI): The U.S. army’s fleet of robots will soon be enhanced with the addition of forthcoming reconnaissance craft called the ‘hopping rotochute’, which will be capable of travelling deep into obstacle-ridden spaces like caves and rubble-laden buildings to video what it finds.

The self-righting probe is being developed for the Army Research Lab in Aberdeen, Maryland, by Eric Beyer and Mark Costello, a pair of robotics engineers at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.

The project attains significance because present-day military robots, which run on small tank-style tracks, cannot cope with irregular surfaces and obstacles such as rubble or boulders.

“They usually have trouble and get stuck with even low obstacles and walls a couple of feet high,” says Costello.

Although small helicopters are one alternative, continuous flying drains the batteries fast.

Thus, Costello stresses the need for a rotor-powered, bottom-heavy, self-righting vehicle that spends most of its time on the ground, conserving battery power.

AS to whether repeated hopping might harm the craft, a spokesman for the Impact Centre at Cranfield University in Bedfordshire, UK, said: “From a crashworthiness point of view this concept looks perfectly feasible. There should be no problem with the vehicle surviving hundreds of impacts, which is roughly equivalent to dropping a mobile phone from waist height.” (ANI)

How life might evolve with “exotic” biochemistry and solvents

London, September 18 (ANI): Scientists at a new interdisciplinary research group in Austria are working to uncover how life might evolve with “exotic” biochemistry and solvents, such as sulfuric acid instead of water.

The research group for Alternative Solvents as a Basis for Life Supporting Zones in (Exo-) Planetary Systems was established by the University of Vienna.

Traditionally, planets that might sustain life are looked for in the ‘habitable zone’, the region around a star in which Earth-like planets with carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen atmospheres could maintain liquid water on their surfaces.

Consequently, scientists have been looking for biomarkers produced by extraterrestrial life with metabolisms resembling the terrestrial ones, where water is used as a solvent and the building blocks of life, amino acids, are based on carbon and oxygen.

However, these may not be the only conditions under which life could evolve.

“It is time to make a radical change in our present geocentric mindset for life as we know it on Earth,” said scientist Johannes Leitner.

“Even though this is the only kind of life we know, it cannot be ruled out that life forms have evolved somewhere that neither rely on water nor on a carbon and oxygen based metabolism,” he added.

One requirement for a life-supporting solvent is that it remains liquid over a large temperature range.

Water is liquid between 0 degree Celsius and 100 degrees C, but other solvents exist which are liquid over more than 200 degrees C.

Such a solvent would allow an ocean on a planet closer to the central star.

The reverse scenario is also possible. A liquid ocean of ammonia could exist much further from a star.

Furthermore, sulfuric acid can be found within the cloud layers of Venus and it is now known that lakes of methane/ethane cover parts of the surface of the Saturnian satellite Titan.

Consequently, the discussion on potential life and the best strategies for its detection is ongoing and not only limited to exoplanets and habitable zones.

The newly established research group at the University of Vienna, together with international collaborators, will investigate the properties of a range of solvents other than water, including their abundance in space, thermal and biochemical characteristics as well as their ability to support the origin and evolution of life supporting metabolisms. (ANI)

Your bathroom showers are hazardous to health

Washington, September 15 (ANI): That invigorating relief and good cleansing from daily bathroom showers may bring along a face full of potentially pathogenic bacteria, warn researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Using high-tech instruments and lab methods, the researchers analysed roughly 50 showerheads from nine cities in seven states that included New York City, Chicago and Denver.

CU-Boulder Distinguished Professor Norman Pace, lead study author, says that about 30 percent of the devices were found to harbour significant levels of Mycobacterium avium, a pathogen linked to pulmonary disease that most often infects people with compromised immune systems, but which can occasionally infect healthy people.

The study showed that some M. avium and related pathogens were clumped together in slimy “biofilms” that clung to the inside of showerheads at more than 100 times the “background” levels of municipal water.

“If you are getting a face full of water when you first turn your shower on, that means you are probably getting a particularly high load of Mycobacterium avium, which may not be too healthy,” Pace said.

He pointed out that research at National Jewish Hospital in Denver indicated that increases in pulmonary infections in the US in recent decades from so-called “non-tuberculosis” mycobacteria species, such as M. avium, could be attributed to people taking more showers and fewer baths.

He said that water spurting from showerheads could distribute pathogen-filled droplets that suspend themselves in the air, and could easily be inhaled into the deepest parts of the lungs.

“There have been some precedents for concern regarding pathogens and showerheads. But until this study we did not know just how much concern,” said Pace.

In Denver, according to the researcher, one showerhead with high loads of Mycobacterium gordonae was cleaned with a bleach solution in an attempt to eradicate it, but tests conducted several months later showed that the bleach treatment ironically caused a three-fold increase in the pathogen, indicating a general resistance of mycobacteria species to chlorine.

Ask Pace whether it is dangerous to take showers, and he says: “Probably not, if your immune system is not compromised in some way. But it’s like anything else-there is a risk associated with it.”

He stresses that plastic showerheads appear to “load up” with more pathogen-enriched biofilms, and thus metal showerheads may be a good alternative.

“There are lessons to be learned here in terms of how we handle and monitor water. Water monitoring in this country is frankly archaic. The tools now exist to monitor it far more accurately and far less expensively that what is routinely being done today,” said Pace.

A research article on his study has been published in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)

Out of form Bopara wants to be England’s main man

London, Sep 11 (ANI): Ravi Bopara, who has been struggling with his batting form, remains convinced that he will become an international star despite a desperate struggle against Australia.

He has already been dropped from England’s Test team and is now in danger of relinquishing his place in the one-day team.

The Essex batsman was speaking up for England’s under pressure one-day side after three miserable performances in the past week that have handed Australia a 3-0 lead in the NatWest Series.

According to The Sun, Bopara knows he has no alternative other than to fight and discover some form from somewhere, or to lose the series by a humiliating margin, perhaps even a dreaded 7-0 whitewash.

“I don’t doubt my ability. It is just a case of getting my game in order. There is a lot to come from me yet. A big score can turn it round. I’ve made a few 40s and 50s but I want to go out and win games for England,” Bopara said.

“I don’t want to get scores that just do enough to give England a chance, I want to seal the win. I’m desperate to do that but not over-desperate because that’s when things can go wrong.

“I want to be the main man for England. I would love to go out at Lord’s on Saturday and smack the Aussies around. I still think we can pull this series out of the fire – England normally respond well when we are down,” he added.

Since scoring three tons in three Test innings against West Indies earlier this year, Bopara has been struggling with the bat. (ANI)

Smart people are sexier

Wellington, Sep 2 (ANI): A person’s sex quotient lies in his or her brain, according to a study that suggests that being smart is sexy, and the smartest males get the most partners.

Through a study on Australian birds, a team of researchers have lent support to the idea that our big human brain evolved because it is a sexually attractive organ, not just a useful one.

According to the above theory, signs of intelligence – such as creating art, music, and humour – could have made the brainiest people luckiest in love.

The theory was hugely discussed in the book ‘The Mating Mind’ by an evolutionary psychologist, Geoffrey Miller, almost a decade ago.

Jason Keagy, of the University of Maryland in the US, said that testing the theory in humans was very difficult, and thus he chose to observe satin bowerbirds at Wallaby Creek in NSW instead.

He claimed that Bowerbirds are intelligent.

“But they’re not as complex as humans,” Stuff.co.nz quoted him as saying.

Keagy could get an accurate record of the male birds’ sexual success by videotaping their every movement.

“They can’t really lie to us,” he said.

Known for their fascination with blue objects, bowerbirds have a strong aversion to red.

In the first IQ test, the researchers placed three red objects under a clear plastic container in their bower, and found that the smartest males could remove the cover and carry away the offending objects in 20 seconds.

“It looks pretty simple, but some weren’t able to do it,” said Keagy.

In a second braintwister, he glued a red object down and observed that some bowerbirds kept on trying in vain to pull it out, while the brighter ones quickly twigged this was impossible and covered it with leaves.

The males who failed the plastic container test were spurned.

“No females were mating with them,” said Keagy.

However, the smartest birds attracted up to 20 female partners a season.

“This is the first evidence [in any species] that individuals with better problem-solving abilities are more sexually attractive,” he said.

He claimed that greater intelligence could allow male bowerbirds to woo more females because they can build more elaborate bowers, are better dancers or are more responsive to subtle cues from the females during courtship.

Alternative theories to the mating mind include that our large brain evolved because it was advantageous for hunting or living in social groups, and cultural creativity was simply a fortuitous by-product of the struggle to survive.

The study has been published in the journal Animal Behaviour. (ANI)

Recession-hit Brits’ new delicacy – cat food!

London, Sept 1 (ANI): Britons struggling to cope with the ongoing recession are munching on a new delicacy – cat food.

Pollack, once popular as a food for cats, has stormed up the “seafood charts”.

The popularity of the white fish – traditionally a cheap alternative to cod or haddock – has soared over the past year, reports the Daily Express.

According to fish experts, over 13,000 tons have been sold.

Salmon is a hot pick with Britons who ate away 600million pounds worth of it last year, followed by tuna, cod, haddock, and warm and cold water prawns.

Mackerel, Scampi and trout have also become popular. (ANI)

New ultrasensitive electronic sensor to speed up DNA testing (corrected)

Washington, Sept 1 (ANI): Singapore scientists have developed a new ultrasensitive electronic sensor that would speed up DNA testing for disease diagnosis and biological research.

The novel electronic sensor array would be rapid, accurate and cost-efficient.

According to lead researcher Dr Zhiqiang Gao, from Singapore’s Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN), the Nanogap Sensor Array has shown “excellent” sensitivity at detecting trace amounts of DNA.

“By saving time and lowering expenses, our newly developed Nanogap Sensor Array offers a scalable and viable alternative for DNA testing,” said Gao.

The biosensor translates the presence of DNA into an electrical signal for computer analysis.

The distinctively designed sensor chip has the ability to detect DNA more efficiently by “sandwiching” the DNA strands between the two different surfaces.

“The novel vertical nanostructure design and two different surfaces of the sensor allow ultrasensitive detection of DNA,” said Gao.

“This sensitivity is best-in-class among electrical DNA biosensors. The design of the sensor also took into consideration the feasibility of mass production in a cost-effective way for expanded usage,” the expert added.

Presently, human DNA is detected through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which while effective, is also expensive, cumbersome and time-consuming for widespread use.

Although effective, tests involving PCR may not be optimal for situations such as a pandemic outbreak.

The biosensor captures DNA strands more effectively. This is possible because the two surfaces of the sensor are coated with a chemically treated “capture probe” solution through an electrochemical technique specially developed by IBN.

This allows DNA strands to “stick” more easily to the sensor, resulting in a faster and more accurate analysis.

“This new biosensor holds significant promise to speed up on-going efforts in the detection and diagnosis of debilitating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular problems and infectious viruses,” said Dr Jackie Y. Ying, Executive Director of IBN, one of the research institutes of Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).

“We aim to make healthcare accessible to the masses with early disease diagnosis as the critical driving force behind the research we undertake here at IBN,” she added.

The study appears in Journal of the American Chemical Society. (ANI)

Scientists propose new mechanism for dune formation on Saturn’s largest moon

Washington, August 26 (ANI): A new research paper has proposed a possible new mechanism for the development of very large linear dunes formed on the surface of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon.

The paper, authored by LSU (Louisiana State University) Department of Geography and Anthropology Chair Patrick Hesp and United States Geological Survey scientist David Rubin, is titled – “Multiple origins of linear dunes on Earth and Titan.”

The authors examined the linear – or longitudinal – dunes that stretch across the surface of China’s Qaidam Basin, finding them composed of sand and some salt and silt.

The latter two elements make the dunes cohesive or sticky.

According to the study, this leads to a complete change in dune form from transverse dunes to linear dunes, even though the wind speed and direction does not change.

Typically, transverse dunes are formed by winds from a narrow directional range while longitudinal or linear dunes are formed by winds from two obliquely opposing directions.

These findings offer an alternative interpretation of similar dunes found on Titan.

Hesp and Rubin suggest that if the giant linear dunes found on the surface of Titan are also formed from cohesive sediment, then they too could be formed by single-direction winds.

This is in sharp contrast to earlier studies, which assumed that the sediments were loose and interpreted the dune shape as evidence of winds coming from alternating directions.

The alternative hypothesis that Titan’s linear dunes are formed in cohesive sediment has significant implications for studies on Titan.

If the Hesp and Rubin alternative is correct, new hypotheses regarding the composition, origin, evolution, grain size, stickiness, quantity, global transport patterns and suitability for wind transport of Titan’s sediment; the velocities, directions and seasonal patterns of Titan’s winds; and overall surface wetness will all have to be completely reassessed. (ANI)

Flexible high-resolution home theatre displays come closer to reality

Washington, August 21 (ANI): You may soon get to enjoy facilities like flexible high-resolution home theatre displays, wearable health monitors, and biomedical imaging devices because scientists are working on a novel process for creating new classes of lighting and display systems.

John Rogers, the Flory-Founder Chair Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois, has revealed that the new process is all about creating and assembling ultrathin, ultrasmall inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) into large arrays offers new classes of lighting and display systems with interesting properties, such as see-through construction and mechanical flexibility.

He said that such properties would be impossible to achieve with existing technologies.

“Our goal is to marry some of the advantages of inorganic LED technology with the scalability, ease of processing and resolution of organic LEDs,” said Rogers.

Compared to their organic counterparts, inorganic LEDs are brighter, more robust and longer-lived.

Organic LEDs, however, are attractive because they can be formed on flexible substrates, in dense, interconnected arrays.

Rogers and his colleagues-including collaborators from Northwestern University, the Institute of High Performance Computing in Singapore, and Tsinghua University in Beijing-say that the new technology combines features of both.

“By printing large arrays of ultrathin, ultrasmall inorganic LEDs and interconnecting them using thin-film processing, we can create general lighting and high-resolution display systems that otherwise could not be built with the conventional ways that inorganic LEDs are made, manipulated and assembled,” Rogers said.

To overcome requirements on device size and thickness associated with conventional wafer dicing, packaging and wire bonding methods, the researchers have developed epitaxial growth techniques for creating LEDs with sizes up to 100 times smaller than usual.

They have also developed printing processes for assembling these devices into arrays on stiff, flexible, and stretchable substrates.

To create an array, a rubber stamp contacts the wafer surface at selected points, lifts off the LEDs at those points, and transfers them to the desired substrate.

“The stamping process provides a much faster alternative to the standard robotic ‘pick and place’ process that manipulates inorganic LEDs one at a time. The new approach can lift large numbers of small, thin LEDs from the wafer in one step, and then print them onto a substrate in another step,” Rogers said.

The researcher says that shifting position and repeating the stamping process can transfer LEDs to other locations on the same substrate, and, in this fashion, large light panels and displays can be crafted from small LEDs made in dense arrays on a single, comparatively small wafer.

Given that the LEDs can be placed far apart and still provide sufficient light output, Rogers says that the panels and displays can be nearly transparent.

He even envisions the creation of flexible and even stretchable sheets of printed LEDs, which can have potential use in the health-care industry.

“Wrapping a stretchable sheet of tiny LEDs around the human body offers interesting opportunities in biomedicine and biotechnology, including applications in health monitoring, diagnostics and imaging,” Rogers said.

A research article describing the researchers’ work has been published in the journal Science. (ANI)

Himachal farmers taking to floriculture

Kullu, Aug 19 (ANI): Floriculture is the buzzword for farmers at Kullu in Himachal Pradesh. More and more farmers are growing flowers as the new lucrative commercial crop.

Chrysanthemum, roses, carnation, marigold and gladiolus are some of the flowers, which are being preferred by the farmers over their traditional khareef (summer-sown) crop, apples, plums and apricots.

“Floriculture is growing rapidly. Its growth rate is one of the best among other businesses and it has a bright future. Flowers are in great demand everywhere, in small towns and cities, especially during marriage season when flowers become scarce and their prices rise very high,” say O. P. Singh, a floriculture expert.

Floriculture can be the new alternative for farmers fearing low yield and a heavy loss due to the delayed monsoon and deficient rain.

“If there is any natural calamity, like this year, there is a drought and people cannot sow regular crop. So we are suggesting farmers and training them that they can switch to other commercial crops. They need not depend on traditional crop or even on orchards. They have to switch to other commercial crops, mainly floriculture,” said Ashwani Kumar Gupta, Deputy-Director Horticulture, Himachal Pradesh.

Gupta added that the State Government is providing floriculture training and polyhouses to farmers on subsidised rates. By Prem Thakur (ANI)

‘I love you’ comes with a #163,424 price tag

London, July 13 (ANI): Those who say hearing the words ‘I love you’ is priceless, and can never equate with the biggest of luxuries, need to think again, for according to a recent research in a book, these invaluable words have a price tag of 163, 424 pounds.

The book, titled ‘You Are Really Rich, You Just Don’t Know It Yet’, has attempted to work out our real worth by putting a value on some of the priceless moments in life.

Authored by former ad executives Steve Henry and David Alberts, the book aims to show there are more important things than money.

“The book is about a new value system, an alternative to a purely financial system,” the Telegraph quoted Henry as saying.

He added: “Partly because, as a direct result of the credit crunch, people are exploring different ways of living, and they’re looking for something to replace money as a general criterion for value.”

Research specialist Brainjuicer carried out a study in which he asked over 1,000 people nationally what made them happy.

They were asked to rate 50 different life events and experiences and compare them with the pleasure gained from a lottery windfall.

Using a rating system a monetary value was calculated for those little things in life, which make us happy.

“We started looking at the things that make a real difference in people lives and saying there is more to life than worrying about belt tightening in a recession,” said Alberts.

“What it is doing is making us think twice about spending money and what we really want in life.

“It was interesting when doing the research that very few people mentioned money and people focused on family occasion, hanging out with friends, having a quiet time on their own, seeing grandchildren and visiting places they had never seen before as things that made a real difference in their lives,” he added.

Being in good health turned out to be the most precious possession with a value of 180,105 pounds.

And being told “I Love You” came second, and was worth 163,424 pounds.

Closely following it was being in a stable relationship priced at 154,849 pounds.

Living in the City proved to be worth much less than being in the country. (ANI)

Now, a website to help dads read bedtime tales to kids even when not around

Melbourne July 12 (ANI): Fathers who fear not being able to get home at time to read their kids bedtime stories can sigh in relief for a new website offers them the chance to do so with remote reading.

British website FiveDads.com prompts fathers to read one of 15 popular stories into their computer’s microphone for a fee of about 10 dollars.

Hi-tech software then records the voice of fathers reading a story along with addition features such as music and sound effects.

The audio file is then emailed to the child.

Audio editor Chris Coombs came up with the idea for his daughter when he had to shift to Canada after the New York terror attacks.

“We realised we could be providing something for people to make a connection with their kids that otherwise they could never have,” News.com.au quoted him as saying.

But relationship experts seemed less convinced, saying the alternative could not take the place of the traditional story telling techniques.

Newcastle University families and fathers research program leader Dr Richard Fletcher said: “Reading involves a whole lot of relationship building, that is why it is important. It is not just because that is a way children build up their word skills and language functionality.”

He added: “But you wouldn’t mix up the effect of sitting physically reading with your child to getting an email about it. We want dads to read to kids so that they become a part of that world that children inhabit.” (ANI)

German Chancellor meets Manmohan Singh at G8-G5 summit

L’aquila, July 10 (ANI): German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh met on the sidelines of the G8-G5 summit here on Thursday.

They reportedly discussed bilateral issues and topics pertinent to the summit.

Leaders of the world’s richest nations and major developing powers would have on the table issues like global warming and international trade, with the poorer countries seeking concessions.

U S President Barack Obama would chair the climate discussions, but hopes of agreeing on ambitious emission-reducing goals have faded after China and India rejected demands to halve their emission of greenhouse gases by 2050.

The talks have been broadened to include the heads of new economic powerhouses in recognition that the world’s problems can no longer be dealt with by an elite few.

The fragile state of the global economy dominated the first day of the annual G-8 summit, with the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Canada and Russia acknowledging that were still significant risks to financial stability.

The 17-member Major Economies Forum (MEF), which groups the G-8 plus big developing nations, also looks set to embrace the two Celsius goal on Thursday, but is balking at making further commitments ahead of a decisive U.N. climate conference in December.

Progress has been hampered by the absence of Chinese President Hu Jintao, who withdrew from talks to attend to ethnic clashes in China’s northwest that have killed 156 people and wounded over a thousand.ndian negotiators said developing countries first wanted to see rich nation plans to provide financing to help them cope with ever more floods, heatwaves, storms and rising sea levels.

Broader economic concerns are also high on the agenda, with emerging nations complaining that they are suffering heavily from a crisis that was not of their making.

China, India and Brazil have all questioned whether the world should start seeking a new global reserve currency as an alternative to the dollar. They have said they may raise this on Thursday after having discussed it amongst themselves on July 8.

The debate is highly sensitive in financial markets, which are wary of risks to U.S. asset values, and the issue is unlikely to progress very far in L’Aquila.

However, a breakthrough on trade may be within reach. Diplomats say the G-8 and G-5 should agree to conclude the stalled Doha round of trade talks in 2010. Launched in 2001 to help poor countries prosper, they have stumbled on proposed tariff and subsidy cuts. By Naveen Kapoor (ANI)

Obama, Manmohan cozy up at G8-G5 summit

L’aquila, July 9 (ANI): US president Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh cozied up to each other at a summit of the G8-G5 groupings at L’Aquila in Italy on Thursday.

Leaders of the world’s richest nations and major developing powers would have on the table raging issues like global warming and international trade, with the poorer countries seeking concessions.

US President Barack Obama would chair the climate discussions, but hopes of agreeing ambitious goals have faded after China and India rejected demands to halve the emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050.

The talks come on the second of a three-day Group of Eight summit, with discussions broadened to include the heads of new economic powerhouses in recognition that the world’s problems cannot no longer be dealt with by an elite few.

The fragile state of the global economy dominated the first day of the annual G8 summit, with the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Canada and Russia acknowledging that were still significant risks to financial stability.

The 17-member Major Economies Forum (MEF), which groups the G8 plus big developing nations, also looks set to embrace the two Celsius goal on Thursday, but is balking at further commitments ahead of a decisive U.N. climate conference in December.

Progress could be hampered by the absence of Chinese President Hu Jintao, who withdrew from talks to attend to ethnic clashes in China’s northwest that have killed 156 people and wounded over a thousand.

Indian negotiators said developing countries first wanted to see rich nation plans to provide financing to help them cope with ever more floods, heatwaves, storms and rising sea levels.

Broader economic concerns are also high on the agenda, with emerging nations complaining that they are suffering heavily from a crisis that was not of their making.

China, India and Brazil have all questioned whether the world should start seeking a new global reserve currency as an alternative to the dollar. They have said they may raise this on Thursday after having discussed it amongst themselves on Wednesday (July 08).

The debate is highly sensitive in financial markets, which are wary of risks to U.S. asset values, and the issue is unlikely to progress very far in L’Aquila.

However, a breakthrough on trade may be within reach. Diplomats say the G8 and G5 should agree to conclude the stalled Doha round of trade talks in 2010. Launched in 2001 to help poor countries prosper, they have stumbled on proposed tariff and subsidy cuts. (ANI)

Facebook, Twitter to give bushfire alerts Down Under

London, July 6 (ANI): Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter will soon be used in Australia to give people early warning of bushfires, which killed 173 people in February.

Residents of towns in Victoria state have said that they had little or no warning of the ferocious blazes that claimed so many lives earlier this year.

The usual advice for homeowners to stay and defend their properties or to seek refuge elsewhere will be revised to put far more emphasis on leaving early.

To help people with the decisions, officials want to speed the flow of information.

According to Victorian state premier John Brumby, social networking sites will help to improve advice to households.

“We’ll be providing more information to the community, like Twitter and Facebook – alternative means of communication to get the information out to the public,” the BBC quoted Brumby as saying.

“So that they’ve got better information from a variety of sources and if they need to make a judgement to go early, they will go and they will go early,” he added.

Many victims of February’s bushfires lost their lives while trying to defend their homes against the devastating blazes.

Others were killed as they tried to flee, tragically ambushed by the sheer speed of the fires’ advance. (ANI)

US initiates historic shift in Afghan counter-narcotics policy

London, July 1 (ANI): The International Council on Security and Development (ICOS) today hailed the monumental move by the US to stop the failed policy of poppy crop eradication in Afghanistan.

It also called on the US, UK and the international community to back its “Poppy for Medicine” proposal in the war-torn country.

On Saturday, the US announced that it would withdraw its support for efforts to eradicate opium cultivation in Afghanistan.

Richard Holbrooke, the US envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, said that eradication “didn’t reduce the amount of money the Taliban got by one dollar.”

Shortly after the Taliban fell in 2001, the US-led international community in Afghanistan adopted eradication as part of their counter-narcotics policy in an attempt to curtail the opium crisis.

Since then, eradication policies have been inefficient and counter-productive in winning the hearts and minds of the Afghan people.

“Eradication provides the Taliban insurgency with an even more valuable currency than money, and that is loyalty,” said Emmanuel Reinert, Executive Director of ICOS.

“Farmers have turned against the US and ISAF military when their livelihoods were destroyed; with the US stopping its own eradication policies, the West has a real opportunity to turn the situation around and build trust with the Afghan people.”

“This move by the US represents a ‘historic shift’ in its counter-narcotics policy, yet it won’t go far enough to alleviate the opium crisis in Afghanistan,” said Reinert.

“In addition to ending poppy eradication programs, our Poppy for Medicine proposal is a crucial step to successfully cutting off Taliban supplies and provide sustainable and viable livelihoods to Afghan farmers.”

After the US announcement, the UK government spoke out against the new stance by the US and vowed to continue its own eradication efforts.

“I would urge the UK and the entire international community to eliminate poppy crop eradication from their counter-narcotics policy in Afghanistan, and to support a truly viable alternative based on scientific study, namely, Poppy for Medicine,” said Raymond Kendall, Former Secretary-General of Interpol and a Member of the ICOS Advisory Board.

The Council called on the US to implement its proposed Poppy for Medicine programme to license the growing of the poppy crop in Afghanistan for localised, tightly controlled production of morphine, currently unavailable to 80 percent of the world’s population.

Since 2005, ICOS has conducted intense research on its Poppy for Medicine initiative. The European Parliament endorsed the proposal in October 2007, yet was rejected on several occasions by the Bush Administration since005.

“The Poppy for Medicine programme, if implemented, would function as a counter-insurgency initiative which would end Taliban funding through drugs trafficking and drive a wedge between insurgents and poppy farmers.

Changing Afghanistan’s counter-narcotics policy is a first bid to win back the hearts and minds of Afghanistan´s 2.4 million farmers currently dependent on illegal poppy cultivation,” he added.(ANI)

RPET ~ RPET 2009 ~ RPET Results ~ 2009 RPET Education ~Education RPET 2009 Results ~ techedu.rajasthan.gov.in ~ Rajesthan Pre Engineering Test ~ Rajesthan Pre Engineering Test 2009 Results

RPET ~ RPET 2009 ~ RPET Results ~ 2009 RPET Education ~Education RPET 2009 Results ~ techedu.rajasthan.gov.in ~ Rajesthan Pre Engineering Test ~ Rajesthan Pre Engineering Test 2009 Results

The Board of Technical Education, Rajasthan conducted the Rajasthan Pre Engineering Test (RPET), 2009 on June 18, 2009.

Soon Rajesthan Pre Engineering Test 2009 (RPET) Results will be published.

Results when announced will be available on http://techedu.rajasthan.gov.in/RPET/RPET.htm

Alternative Link – http://techedu.rajasthan.gov.in

Novel peptide nanoparticles to fight fatal brain infections

London, June 29 (ANI): New peptide nanoparticles developed by researchers at the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of Singapore could pave the way for new methods of drug and gene delivery for the treatment of meningitis and drug-resistant bacteria and fungal infections.

The stable bioengineered nanoparticles effectively seek out and destroy bacteria and fungal cells that could cause fatal infections and are highly therapeutic.

Major brain infections like meningitis and encephalitis are leading causes of death, hearing loss, learning disability, and brain damage in patients.

Conversely, the peptide nanoparticles contain a membrane-penetrating component that enables them to pass through the blood brain barrier to the infected areas of the brain that require treatment.

IBN’s peptide nanoparticles can traverse the blood brain barrier, thereby offering a superior alternative to existing treatments for brain infections.

The brain membrane is impenetrable to most conventional antibiotics because the molecular structure of most drugs is too big to enter the membrane.

“Our treatment damages the structure of the pathogen and literally breaks it apart,” Nature magazine quoted Dr. Yiyan Yang, group leader at IBN, as saying.

He added: “Our oligopeptide has a unique chemical structure that forms nanoparticles with membranepenetrating components on their surface. These nanoparticles can easily enter bacteria, yeast or fungal cells and destabilize them to cause cell death. For example, the nanoparticles cause damage to bacteria cell walls and prevent further bacterial growth.”

The researchers have demonstrated that these engineered peptide nanoparticles have high anti-microbial activity and are highly effective in killing microbes.

In addition, the peptide nanoparticles are more powerful in inhibiting the growth of fungal infections than conventionally available anti-fungal drugs such as fluconazole and amphotericin B.

“We are able to kill bacteria better than conventional antibiotics. By attacking the cellular structure of the microbes, our nanoparticles can be used to successfully combat persistant bacterial infections,” added IBN scientist Dr. Lihong Liu.

Pre-clinical tests have shown that IBN’s peptide nanoparticles are biocompatible, and cause no damage to the liver or kidneys at tested doses.

Highly anti-infective, the therapeutic doses of the peptide nanoparticles are expected to be safe for use because they also do not damage red blood cells.

The study has been published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. (ANI)

Jackson may have been saved with antidote, says leading Brit doctor

London, June 28 (ANI): A leading British doctor has said the sad demise of Michael Jackson may have been averted had proper medical procedures been followed.

Dr Michael Serpell, leading expert on pain management at Glasgow University, said if the King of Pop was showing adverse effects, such as suppressed beathing, caused from painkiller Demerol, then he should have been given mouth to mouth resuscitation and a dose of Nalexone which acts as an antidote to Demerol.

“A dose of Nalexone completely wipes out the effects of Demerol. He would wake up and be breathing again. It’s life-saving. I have done it myself,” The Daily Express quoted Dr Serpell as saying.

“If we were giving this drug by injection we would give it in a secure setting such as a hospital as the risks are high. Doctors administering this should always have the antidote available to give in case of adverse reactions.

“Patients should be monitored very closely because the risk of overdose with this drug is significant. If there are signs that breathing is suppressed then the antidote should be given. Even if there were other drugs involved it is still worth giving, and there are antidotes to the other drugs which can be given too,” he added.

Dr Russell Newcombe, one of the countries’ leading drug experts, also said a combination of Demerol and its antidote may have worked as a safer alternative.

Dr Newcombe said: “It seems hard to understand why Jackson was given this drug when a combined pill with an antidote was available, particularly as he may not have been well.”

According to entertainment news website TMZ, the Thriller hitmaker got a shot of Demerol on Thursday, the day he died.

Other reports suggested the 50-year-old’s increased drug dependency made him take cocktails of various drugs.

Medical examiners in Los Angeles are yet to determine the cause of his sudden death, but officials confirmed Jackson was on prescription medication. (ANI)

Artificial liver, skin, intestine to revolutionise drug trials

Washington, June 26 (ANI): While animal drug trials have been facing huge criticism from ethical groups, scientists have now created artificial organs like liver, skin, intestine and windpipe that may revolutionise the way new medicines are being tested.

Developed by Professor Heike Mertsching of the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB in Stuttgart, in collaboration with Dr. Johanna Schanz, the test system should in future give pharmaceutical companies greater security and shorten the path to new drugs.

“Our artificial organ systems are aimed at offering an alternative to animal experiments. Particularly as humans and animals have different metabolisms. 30 per cent of all side effects come to light in clinical trials,” said Mertsching.

“The special feature, in our liver model for example, is a functioning system of blood vessels. This creates a natural environment for cells,” said Schanz.

Traditional models do not have this, and the cells become inactive.

“We don’t build artificial blood vessels for this, but use existing ones – from a piece of pig’s intestine,” said Schanz.

They remove all of the pig cells, but preserve the blood vessels. Then the human cells are seeded onto hepatocytes, which are responsible for transforming and breaking down drugs, and endothelial cells, which act as a barrier between blood and tissue cells.

In order to simulate blood and circulation, the researchers put the model into a computer-controlled bioreactor with flexible tube pump, developed by the IGB.

Thus the nutrient solution is fed in and carried away in the same way as in veins and arteries in humans.

“The cells were active for up to three weeks. This time was sufficient to analyze and evaluate the functions. A longer period of activity is possible, however,” said Schanz.

The researchers concluded that the cells work in a similar way to those in the body-they detoxify, break down drugs and build up proteins.

These are important pre-conditions for drug tests or transplants, as the effect of a substance can change when transformed or broken down.

Many drugs are only metabolised into their therapeutic active form in the liver, while others can develop poisonous substances.

The researchers have demonstrated the basic possibilities for use of the tissue models – liver, skin, intestine and windpipe.

Right now, the researchers are examining the test system, which could provide a safer alternative to animal experiments within two years. (ANI)